149 20 10383 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/5de23cad5f3c8e8f52d43175399659c7.pdf e9b22c498faebb8a759cf45067b15e6e Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. ,::. . Ur-tl"t'ED'.r:it:.:rIDN~": ;' (ANP) '.Adlla,i S tevenson warned 0011,gr es~ las t i,veel{ t h at the wprtd stature of tht! United Sta tes den'lands p rompt a pproval of PresJde11t , .Kennedy's · civil r ights program. l\s if t,o ·11bst:tntiate What America's 'OiN ambassador ,was saying a letter , was presented o · U,uder: s ecretary of s tate G eorge W. Ball in Was hington, ~oiclng the protests of Z7 African governments to slandero\l8 remarlci mad·e by 'Lou empera te ·senator, Allen lsiatla's J . Ellendeb. · · t n~ de "8 repeatedly ··c1ec1ared that Negtb_~ pies, incluging Afri~ cam,, a re lt\bapait,,le o~ governing themse: ~ , tStet e~ ~ clared that as a Vni d ~a.Q!~1elegate to the Unit·ed t1 as concerned with the1iinUWC!Pl'IHates' world stature· nd t th ftflo y1 world" stirring ,n . .Nsia, .Mrlca and Latin America looked to tbe United .States. t.he lob ru:rl It, '~llP 'do us AJ,-~'rtV}1f:J,t. 11qJ11 e i:.i s 1 i't. "t",..r 11 ~ t.n talk of oursel,ves as the vanguard 0 ui tr.,edu.m anct ctemui.:racy whlle any of our ,fellow citizens suffer the indignities of second-class -citizenship? " · S tevenson Sf!.id m,ost delegates '."{Ith exp erie11ce in the country understood that racial progre&s had been. stepped up in recent years anti were "patient, tolerant and unp.erstanding" of United States efforts. However, he acknowledge that some delegates had been shocked by racial disorder an . lolence and that such events has had effect on some diplomats and their staf.fs. He declared that he was gravely concerned with the way ,racial disorder was exploited abroad · by · a bo~tlJe press, crep.tln~ a fals~ In- senator Russell has outlived his usefulness as a spokesman foi:: the state of Geonoa. As a maner of fact. if the laws of this state were enforced from top to bottom, Russell would be facing trial on charges of ..inciting to riot." Last week the honorable Senator made a speech clearly calulated to stir ~p racial strife and domestic tulmult. In his speech, Senator Russell charged that the civil rights measures presently before Congress are ten time s worse than what prompted the Civil Wa r 100 years ago. · . Ever s ince the senior Senator ha s been in office , his s ole approach to- die pro]km of civil rights for Negroes has .been a ne• .. ll gative one. "Lea"e the states alone. Russe suggests. For how long should they be left alone? T hey have been left alone for 300 years and Negroes a re still enslaved by a vicious system of bigotry. Does Senator Russell believe that Negroes s hould be extendecl the rights guaranteed them in the nation' s constiwtion, or doesn't be? If he does not. he is not fit to hold the high office of a legislator. If he does, it's about time he made it known. Russell has called moves by Negroes to win their r ights ,.cQmmunistic." We ask .. What' s communistic about c itizens who6ave lived in a country all their lives wanting to share in the equal benefits of that.citizenship?" We think Senator Russell is unfit to serve this state as a be-cause he does not even attempt to represent all ~ ·•ffijN • PI> citizens. The best contribution he could make to th1 signed resignation. prei .011- of t11e U1ittad: St_e,;_tes. • , Stevens011 said h e favored mass action· to·.strengthen ·the President's hand on . thi civll r,igh ts pppgr?-m by, presefi ting · the moral ' issue··. in . , · ev_e ry community: . Meanwhile, ambassador of 27 African governments sent a letter to President Ke.nnedy . protestuig s enator Ellende.r 's public statemep ts that . Negro people 11ire incapable of governing themselves. The letter ·waa presented to Undei; Secretary Ball by a committee · of A,mbassadors and chiefs of mission, The ctlmmlttee was composed of the chiefs of m ission of the United Arab !Republic, Nigeria, Sudan, Malagasy, Soma,lia and. Morocco. •Se nator Ellen<fer's ' television appearance on June J~ led to !l, number of conferences O'f ·, rican chiefs· of mission In Was 1 . The Ambassadors, who fe the i,oulsiana Democrat hi: lrisulted their cctintries 'prb occasions too, decided to tat e their views to President K ennedy, � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document “UNITED NATIONS — (ANP) — Adlai Stevenson watned Congress last week'that the world stature of the United States demands prompt approval of President Kennedy's civil rights program. ; As if to substantiate what Amer- ica’s UN ambassador w: saying a letter. was presented to Under- secretary of State George W. Ball in Washington, voicing the protests of 21 African governments to rows remarks ‘made by Tou- nperate senator, Allen epeatedly declared lés, including Afri- ipable of ~ governing ed that as a gate to the Unit- concerned with " world stature (ATOR o for ‘the’ state Russell has outlived his usefulness as a spokesman of Georgia. Asa matter of fact. if the laws of this ieatgeans igor ae heeeeebe % Cpr to (alps ell eye See little good to demand ‘the tearing down or the wau in Bern dfiieos we tear down the wall that sepa- rates us in our own land,” he as- serted. vy PA, “Of what value is it for ne ta talk of ourselves as the vanguard ui treedom and democracy while any of our fellow citizens suffer the indignities of second-class citizen- ship?” Stevenson said most delegates we experience in the country un- derstood that racial progress had been stepped up in recent years and were “patient, tolerant and un- derstanding” of United States ef- forts. , - However, he acknowledge that some delegates had been shocked by racia] disorder and ¥iole 2 that such events has some diplomats and ‘He declared that he was gr cOncérned with the way racial dis- order was exploited abroad by a hostile press, creating a false in- state were enforced from top to bottom, Russell would be facing trial on charges of “‘inciting to riot.” Last week, the honorable Senator made a speech clearly calu- lated to stir up racial strife and domestic tulmult. In his speech, Senator Russell charged that the civil rights measures presently before Congress are ten times worse than what prompted the Civil War 100 years ago. Ever since the senior Senator has been in office, his sole ap~ proach to the problem of civil rights for Negroes has been a ne- gative one, ‘‘Leave the states alone.”” Russell suggests. For how long should they be left alone? _ They have been left _ alone for 300 years and Negroes are salgnaieves by a vicious of bigotry. fs guaranteed them in the use he ca Pa : 27 = Aa Senator Russell believe that Negroes should be extend nation’s con esn’ If he does not, he is not fit to hold the high If he does, it’s about time he made it known, has called moves by Negroes to win their rights ”” We ask ‘‘What’s communistic about ci s country all their lives wanting to share in the fits of that,citizenship?”’ We think Senator Russell is unfitto serve this s $ not even attempt to represent - , or doesn’t , citizens. The best contribution he could make to this’ St signed resignation. TOE pression. of the United ed States. Stevenson said he favored mass action to strengthen the President's hand on. the ciyil rights program by. presenting the moral issue in every community: = piss) 4 | Meanwhile, ambassador of 27 African gOvernments sent a letter to President Kennedy protesting Senator #llender’s public state- ments that Negro people are in- capable of goyerning thémselves. The letter was presented to Un- der Secretary Ball hy a committee of Ambassadors and chiefs of mis- sion. The committee was composed of the chiefs of mission of the Unit- ed Arab Republic, Nigeria, Sudan, Malagasy, Somalia and Morocco. ~ Senator Ellender’s television ap- pearance on June decided to ident Kennedy, ©  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 51 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/8232b0e9241f158c3df25bd7d8f22d9f.pdf 6a856d670f2d26b89fc7b61ed3ed0075 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. ~ll4.T ABOUT TOMORRO·W? he ebOOlel not to 1erve. Jf • .1torekeeper can be compe1led to 1e"e in hil ,tore, people he wouJd rather not sen-e, the imtitution of private property i, endangered. Hi, ,tore ha, become public. property-and your private property right1 hne liecome eadU1gered. Yet that ii precieely what the pre.. eat adminimation ia ieek.ing to accompliah by invoking the ..intentate commerce" clauee of the Comtitution. Top lffel, ,tnteglcall:, planned racial dl'!IDomtratJom 111'11 qringinc up ·,ponuneou,ly' all OTer America, Theae poape wam of national rnolution unleat racial demand. are met. What WU once •a problem for the South• hu beceme a problem for e-rery ctate. city ud community. It threaten, the Nqro. ju,t • well u the white man. Thele ume organised. r .. .!ial agitaton, who proclaim and cite their comtitutioaal right of 'peaceful integration' are at deetruction of orderly freedom. HilltOry of the lut IO yean renala a lon1 li,t of JHtiom taken over by Commu• 11lm, throu1h me of nci.d a11tatioo. Under thi, kind of dictatorehip, i,he doctor, who prcfcn to 1elect hia office location, chooee hi, nune and he 4 heart apeciali1t, can be required to he a general practitioner, told whom to employ ,u.d where he , hall work. If he refuse,. he CUI have hit oftice 1eized and occupied by the favorite, of the bureaucracy. The aame would become the cu e for editor,. Jawyen, taleamea, etc. aimina: Tbeee qitaton ue not me~e1y ukin1 for 'equal righll' for the Ne,rc,1 they ara demudiq 'apeci.al righta' in Tiolation of the rip,. of .U people. They are cfemmdin1 the ript to nolate city ordinancee and 1tate lawa. - They are demuuling-md getting-immunitlee and apeeW pririlepa for Nesro citisem which white citisme do not If the Jiaht of private property i, taken away from the eitba lll UI artificial emergency, created by profea1ionaUv ,poi*)red racial riotl, then CongreM might be 'prc1aured1 lllto puaing Federal 'Emergency' mea,urn under the label of aaTUlg our nation from internal di10rden. Thia could n1uh in a total dictatonhip, and our hard fought-for-freedom, wilJ hne vanW..ed. Thia would prove a, diautrou1.!or the Negro Q for the white man, Demomtraton claim they are fi1htinc for their 'dipity", but la there any 'dipity' ahown bete in ibae bytterioal dem· omtratiom? Do th.er not 111gge1t that they are a phony front for oamethins alarminslY clillermt! In other ccnmtrlet racial upbeanlt ban been created to brim.a: aboa, artificW eoaditiom deeiped to climax a !Leed for military dietaconhip. America wu born in the hearta of men bccaUN of the ur,ent need for freedom from oppreMion and dictatonhip. Lon of God ad fellow man wa, the 1trong fabric from which it wu comtru.cted. Today there are Hletmen telling hate of their fellow man and inflamiq racial ten1ion1, rather than teekiag fah ,olutiom, m,,.,, There ia now ,uhataatial agreem , nt that the Negro should have equal voting opportunitiee and equal opportunity in the uac of all public facilitiee. But to give the Negro hi, due i1 one thina:. To aacrifice any of our basic libertie, in the proc, e11 ii quite mother...Eternal Yigilance it the price of liberty," and in thia day and hour the Negro agitator ia asking for more than equality; he ia demanding, and getting 1peci1J ri111ht1 (in the form of _deci,ion, by our courta) which invade the ri!llhll of aH citizem. The voice• of the reepon1ible Neira leaden who are alert to. the1e dangen are drowned out in the moUDtin& hy1teria over the attainment of fahe goalt. mu1 &,pon.ibilitiu Prlnte property, ,uch a• a re.tauru.t, CUI not 'be Hp· lated u though it were a public highway.1t ii up to each indmdnal to .., the owulardt for hit emhli,bment, to- wbicb hil clienteJe mu1t conform. Private rightl inelude the right to be left alone, u well a, the privilege to make or loee money, accordmg to the way the individual chOOMII to conduct hi, bndneN, no matter how wile or how foolilh. It b the re, ,pomibility of all men to re1pect the rigbt1 of Othen. Until now it bu been the ,torekeeper'• Jicht (and that meam eYery man'• right under the Comtitutioa) to ICITe the penom of bla el,o;-to ..... to wbom I,e. ..i.o- Thia la a Conaitntional llilbt, incident to the .....ablp of pmaie property. lie bu.Jie. !no to NI... to ,_.. - Canltitution and Congre,s -L,n,, of lhe Land Accordin1 to the ConatituJon of the United States, the lawa of the land are made by the Congreaa. The Supreme Court D1,erely renden ' ID opinion, H to the applicability of the.e lawa to a ,pecifie ca11e before iL Ill opinion becomea 1M a o/ IMI cue. Al mch, it i, indicative of how the Court (u oarratly comtituted) may be expected to decide • aim• llar oae. Howeffl', to declare an opinion of the court to be What Savannah Citisens are urged to do: 2. Urp the City Council to lmmediatoly ..,... new md - . . . better control U1d repl.ate demon1tration1 and paradee. 'the Jaw of the land' II to dttlare that the Supreme Cout and not tbe CongreH make, the laws. Thi, ia UDeomtita.tiaaat But you may be 1ure that thia 11 what• dietatonhip in c:ontro] cf the court, but not of the Congreaa. would like to have you helieve. Senator Ruuell Charge, or the plann~d rar.e rioh gcing on all over the United Statr8 Scnatcr Richard B. Ru~sell charged on June 12, 1963 tlut Prr:aidrnl Kennedy W H raising the •pectre of maH racial ,·iolence to puah Civil Ri ghts prcposa1s th1t were a atep la the direction of Socialism or Communi1m, "I WH •• , ahockcd" he 11id "to bear tl1e Preeldent juetify, if not encourage, the preaent wave of m... dem• on1trationa, accompanied by the practices o( 1ittin1 or lying in public 1treet1 and blocking traffic, form.ins human waU, before the doon of legal bu,ioeuea and •~1aulting with dtadly wrapon, cfficen of the law, whose only offense WH tc maintain order and protect private property." el IM "Cau,e" Be Remo.,ed Ir the Commnniett aucceed in America it will be becau• er a ccn1tant whittling away of our con1titutional rightl. To auccced in thi,, he mmt line a 'cau,e' with which to brin111 about chao,. H the "•r.auae' is removed, another mu1t he ere, atcd, and the pattern repeated. Without 'cause' the Com• munist, are 1oldicn without ammunition. In Brasil their r.auee wae 'inrlation' ; in China-agrarian reform; in Cuba it was to 1aboli1h the Batista dictatonhip'. After a 7-year 11tru11:gle in Algeria, Communi1t,led Moalem,, u,ing racial di• cord , 1ucceeded· in gaining control of the govenment from the French. A, in Algeria, the 'cause' they .have adopted iD America i, racial conflict. There can be no doubt that the Communbt ta debghted at the opportunity being preaented him to adopt thia 'eaaae'. He will r ender every aid to the •preuure-demaad' tactice which 11erve hie end. For him every auault on one of our ba1ic libertiee is a atepping atone towardt a Commoniat America. There are none ao blind aa thot0 who will not ace, and none eo dangerouely blind today H thoee wlao Hfa• to reeogni.ze the blueprint for - the Commnnilt takeover of America. AN OPEN LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT ,. 3. 4. Support and encourage by thone or letter, the merebU1t1 who are delendina f:'.C::,-~a'::pi~: are t e frontline10ldienforyou l Purdwefl'ODlthem 5. Every American 1hould ditteontinue bayi111 ma1uiDe11 that gin uatnul reporll of the new1, In,iat on moral ,tandard, in e,,erything you do. What Atlantans are urged to do: and the cuulidatel wlto will bi nm. They ahould evaluato thi, carefully. It i, time both political parti,. learn that th- wha 'lbe time ~' come for every voter to eon1ider future election, were able to l'I themselvea elected on either ticke~ could jwt •• well be oleetecl Oil llll incl.. pendent ticlot. To get proper repreoentation, people of prineipleo and integrity mmt be aoleetecl u yom Electors ind 1ent to the Conventiom uopledged and committed to no cudidate. unleat the CODdldate propooed fill, the higb 1tandard1 the voter ahoald nqaire in the - aoloc:ted to nn oar Nation. This mes.s age to the people of this community was paid for by a group of r-epresf!ntatlve North Side Citizens. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Top level, strategically planned racial demonstrations f are springing up ‘spontaneously’ all over America, These groaps warn of national revolution unless racial demands are met. What was once ‘a problem for the South’ has become | # problem for every state, city and community. It threatens the Negro, just as well as the white man, ‘These same organized r.:ial agitators, who proclaim and { cite their constitutional right of ‘peaceful integration’ are aiming at destruction of orderly freedom, History of the last hl 30 years reveals « long List of nations taken over by Commu- m nists, through use of racial agitation. ‘These agitators are not merely asking for ‘equal rights’ for the Negro; they are demanding ‘special rights’ in violation of the rights of all people. They are demanding the right to violate city ordinances and state laws. ‘They ave demanding—and getting—immunities and spe- celal privileges for Negro citizens which white citizens do not possess, Demonstrators claim they are fighting for their ‘dignity’, , but is there any ‘dignity’ shown bere in these hysterical dem- — - onstrations? Do they not suggest that they are « phony front for something alarmingly different? In other countries racial upbesvals have been created to bring about artificial condi- tions designed to climax a need for military dictatorship. | America was born in the hearts of men because of the urgent ; need for freedom from oppression and dictatorship. Love of C God and fellow man was the strong fabric from which it was i constructed. Today there are ealeamen eelling hate of their i fellow man and inflaming racial tensions, rather than seeking } fair solutions. i! Rights and Responsibilities | Private property, such as a restaurant, can not be regu- a lated as though it were a public highway, It is up to each in- dividual to sec the standards for his establishment, to. which his clientele must conform. Private rights include the right ' to be left alone, as well as the privilege to make or lose money, i according to the way the individual chooses to conduct his business, no matter how wise or how foolish, It is the re- sponsibility of all men to reapect the rights of others. Until now it has been the storekecper's right (and that means every man’s right under the Constitution) to serve the persons of his choice—to cater to whom he, chooses, This is « Constitutional Right, incident to the ownership of private property. He has been fres to refuse to serve anyones whom r : “ J | What Savannah Citizens are urged to do: 4 There {na Suvannah city ordinance (Section 24—128.1, 2 and 8) which 3 hibits musa are tas passed to protect each citizen's to com » duct his pe incae owewer, jis orien permits the picket the of self n. Recently mass marches havc i<su practiced. In Jong columns of file, th customers’ access to business he chooses not to serve. Tf a storekeeper can be compelled to serve in his store, people he would rather not acrve, the institution of private property ix endangered. His store has become public property—and your private property rights have become endangered, Yet that is precisely what the pret ent administration is secking to accomplish by invoking the “interstate commerce” clause of the Constitution. Under this kind of dictatorship, the doctor, who prefers to select his office location, choose his nurse and be 4 heart specialist, can be required to be « general practitioner, told whom to employ and where he shall work. If he refuses, he ean have his office seized and occupied by the favorites of the bureaucracy. The same would become the case for editors, lawyers, mleemen, ete, Private Property Rights If the right of private property is taken away from the citizen in an artificial emergency, created by professionally sponsored racial riots, then Congress might be ‘pressured’ into passing Federal ‘Emergency’ meatures under the label of saving our nation from internal disorders. This could result in a total dictatorship, and our hard foughtfor-freedoms will have vanished. This would prove as disstrousfor the Negro as for the white man. ‘There is now substantial agreem nt that tha Negro should have equal voting opportunities and equal opportunity in the use of all public facilities. But to give the Negro his due is one thing. To sacrifice any of our basic liberties in the proc- ew is quite another, “Eternal vigilance is the price of lib- erty,” and in this day and hour the Negro agitator is asking for more than equality; he is demanding, and getting special rights (in the form of decisions by our courts) which invade the rights of all citizens, The voices of the responsible Ne- gro leaders who are alert to.these dangers are drowned out in the mounting hysteria over the attainment of false goals, Constitution and Congress ~ Law of the Land According to the Constitution of the United States, the Jaws of the land are made by the Congress. The Supreme Court merely renders‘nn opinion, as to the applicability of these Inws to a specific cuse before it. Its opinion becomes the low of that case, As such, it is indicative of how the Court (as currently constituted) may be expected to decide a sim- ilar ease. However, to declare an opinion of the court to be “the law of the Iand" is to declare that the Supreme Court and not the Congress makes the laws. This is unconstitutional. But you may be sure that this is what a dictatorship in control of the court, but not of the Congress, would like to have you believe, Senator Russell Charges Of the planned race riots going on all over the United States Senator Richard B. Russell charged on June 12, 1963 that President Kennedy was raising the epectre of mass racial violence to push Civil Rights proposals that were a step in the direction of Socialism or Communism, “Twas... shocked” he said “to hear the President justify, if not encourage, the present wave of mass dem- onstrations, accompanied by the practices of sitting or lying in public atreeta and blocking traffic; forming human walls before the doors of legal businesses and assaulting with deadly weapons officers of the law, whose only offense wan to maintain order and protect private property.” et the “Cause Be Removed If the Communists succeed in America it will be because of a constant whittling away of our constitutional rights. To wuceced in this, he must have a ‘cause’ with which to bring about chaos, If the ‘cause’ is removed, another must be cre ated, and the pattern repeated. Without ‘cause’ the Com- tounists are soldicrs without ammunition. In Brazil their cause was ‘inflation’; in China—agrarian reform; in Cuba it was to ‘abolish the Batista dictatorship’, After a 7-year struggle in Algeria, Communist-led Moslems, using racial dis cord, succeeded: in gaining control of the government from the French, As in Algeria, the ‘cause’ they have adopted in America is racial conflict. There can be no doubt that the Communist is delighted at the opportunity being presented him to adopt this ‘cause’, He will render every aid to the ‘pressure-demand" tactics which serve his end. For him every assault on one of our basic liberties is a stepping stone towards « Communist America, There are none so blind as those who will not see, and none so dangerously blind today as those who refuse to gnize the bl for the Ci iat tak of America. AN OPEN LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT have, wi in jis ordinance, Urge tha Mayor and all merchants to have this ordinance enforced. the Gtates, r Malcolm Maclesn, City Hall, Savannah, and tell him you want him to pre ete Bal of Bias apptieable EME Ogg 3e- ar rights to own property, and your individual right to carry on your business as you 1, The 14th Amendment did not ms fod lerigtby article, based SO plemented bY as proved conclusively DF A tye former Law Proleine’ Set oiey Morrisette tad search, bY Be eae by nis eK f the Fekean ane tee ion), atating: Urge the City Council to immediately enact new and stranger ordinances te ford Law Review of Decent’ 1959 Bartkus coe (P0% ne Dus Provese cinnes of better control and regulate demonstrations and parades, the trath of this proP and unl! any of tne provisions of SBA 1% ah wwe ave Belt Tament does nok apply $0 the States have Braively vast wh “ the Fourteenth ta as such. Ao demonstrate ‘uid not eontem= eight omen ‘by legal acl onal ae of the ratitying oe of the first elant ‘ ‘Write your Senators and ae tive, and them to protect this Comm Ta tne members of Mie IEE ‘the estates.” vate rights, (Senator Ris hard Rascll, Gasser Herman Tameka ‘Fourteenth elt restrictions UPOn we Secate Olfice Balding, Washington, D.C,; Congressman G, Elliott Hagan, Pinte tents ang tem Tas a 8 article ane ould pretend t4 a ouse Office Building, Washi D.C. «citing in : 8 juilding, Washington, D.C.) eciting earlier cases: . pence and intellect ‘gage Black's 000" ai scholar Posto arieles mentioned seo made! peers f - Support and encourage a pe or letter, the merchants who are defending ee pretenses as being based wpan eet cannot be mis« 4. ey rights, They are the front line soldiers for you! Purchase from them ment under the Coa aed in the Batler © to show your support, ted to the Federal Bove e rine Court soundly As tT end cannot ne sraptsh a probibited nd, 24 rely, the pews! ee x afery in Keeping with used to ® gag—pp. 73-74 of OF Dei decision, 4 (and no eon ; (HAAA") case 1B TFET trol over agriculture, 870 wus framed and Adoptee of the Con 5 Every American should discontinue buying magazines that give untrue reporly mairused 10 tent with which SF eae to be the cared orca ‘Wickard ca ‘Fe of the news, Insist on moral standards in everything you do. wy , was sai id the conmicting decision stitution: ee makes mmitred rank usurpation i by ¢ to the ©o tutional that part of Liberty Pt in the name of Equa : of pe on in What Atlantans are urged to do: wa oe aning Seveoe at Bqualty—e¥TinE OD go the SON to have & ee amendment. ity, of of any fn to respect we gas eee eae etn me ch “The time has come for every voter to consider future elections and the candidates who will be pe ot sical onal, ts a pe ot the ee ae ot poarch, constl- ‘run, They should evaluate this carefully, It is time both political parties learn that those whe others ene rghit vo Liberty benim: BENET “were able to get themselves elected on either ticket, could just as well be elected om am inde. ae example, of current violations ant pret artic en ae te rly ses en ene eg ea o your Electors and sent to the C pledged and itted to no did. unless of ae einen sing those coral righ ts—taleely pretending the candidate proposed fills the high standards the voter should require in the men selected te ends in violation of bankruptcy. the means: This leads 7 run our Nation. ‘This message to the people of this community was paid for by a group of representative North Side citizens,  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 50 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/d3e4cc8fa90cf099b0fb8321c92380b0.pdf 0d61fccae8ec8494f5b90b8e19d6a332 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. o:wr. Rights Pro [riacted, WillQ•IIUMI~ struggl . himself had alrea 'I he 1,500 t so-called "public 1116cl»llidll,~P.ial~ . pend rlx d y proposal J1S an lnva e for advancing th Ir f equal property righ ts. righ ind racir, J Jntegratlon. They "My position will be, I'm going no i;o 11t a time when the ii. ue to find some way l t0 present the domlnaLcs domc::;t lc politics and. views of Georgia Oemocrats to the ConF,"r •s Is abnu t to begin debate n ational pa rt y," san11ers· said. on the nWf;f, <-werpm·• civil right., "I h ope I can co11vlnce them that :prop, m t he ~i b I .if, By IUPI) wha t they're trying to do Is not In morif!n Umr•,. Gov. earl sanders said T uesda the best Interest of tbe ,party." From Nort.J,, L:outh, Ea-.t. and t,h at future even ts in Presiden san d he will "certainly W L. clrlP ,atrs hy the h11udre,:l · Kennedy's clvil r igh ts campaig be fir •Within the party had convcrgr·d on the Windy lty gia Demo- aL t11e wrrkenct 1ur the conventlot could put him In a "different posi tor w tion" about party loyalty if Geor crats be 11111! up with The mcctJ11 1 the first 11atiou I a pl'opo.:· . . . ._,.,~ e of gathe1in~ 01 ,, civil rights organl gia's interest Is at stake. 'Tm a loyal Democrat," san der Georgia ziition ~inre thi> birth of the 19 aid. "I intend to stay in the part "I t,hlllk 11'111111llo.lill,IJl!II• 'riv-ii ri hh <.:rl~i-:" in thP :-treet hat doesn't necessarUy mean t h national of .tlin ct el.·ewl,rrc uture would not be such that ' a ll the civi g ts legislatio~ D lo couldn't be 1'Ut in a d ifferent posi· thro.ugli wit hout some compromise. velopi , urh tion. pr,Jiti "The people of Georgia are my ne ·nterest ." tl(\11. hOl' numb ed with a United '11,rv iilre al re the eorglans. luding D~mocrats, are angered by the Rights ,Bill Chang~ L. ~ Of Ga. ~ -Sanders·· (Continued on P~ 5, Col. 2) � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document ————— Enacted, Wilkins Declares As NAACP Opens Nat'l ron tia a CiVIL..RIGH (Continued from Page -Onejr wie last y af vas, “We Wait No Long- er.” This year, the slogan “Now or Never” seems to be the choice. From convention headquarters in the Morrison Hotel to the far reaches of the Southside, interest in the gomvention and its work has been intense. | Mr. Wilkins delivered the key- note dddress on the night of the opening session. Be Speakers for the six-day eee: AME Zion Bishop Stephen . Spottswood, chairman, oard of Directors: the Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, of Bir- mingham; James Meredith, of the University of Mi ie DY) Charles Wesley, president, Central State College, Wilberforce, a Also, Hatvey Gantt) of Cl S. C.; Cezil Poole, United” states ! Attorney for Northern fea: Eli Ginzherg, of LG sity; noe Robert L. e ete Me awarded an- nually to a Negro A Hifor dis- tinguished achievement, will be Byers MAOP field. tary for Mississippi. The presen tion will be made to Mrs. Hivers.! awarded posthumously to Medgar Nemes civil rights program in Tess. : igd-out that he ‘Rights Bills May Change fg 4 Of Ga. - - Sanders By (UPI) Gov. Gar] Sanders said Tuesda that future events in Presiden Kennedy’s civil rights campaig could put him in a “different posi tion” about party loyalty if Geor) gia’s interest is at stake. “I'm a loyal Democrat,” Sander said, “I intend to stay in the part That doesn’t necessarily mean th future would not be such that couldn't be put in a different posi: ‘pon. “The people Of Georgia are my numpbersone interest.” id with a United iy al reporter the caee Te Contens ineluding ‘pemocrats, are angered by the (Continued. on Page:5, Col. 2) } vrational , additional der himself had alread so-called “public proposal as an invas property rights. : “My position will be, I’m going {to find some way, to present the views of Georgia Democrats to the national party,” Sanders said, “y hope I can convinée them that what they're eae to do is not in m he best interest ot party.” f ; ee fil “certainly be: l pyithin the parly for irgia Demo- crats bel a propesife Georgia \ “Tbh i DERG ie pavty ean push all the. civil Fights legislation through without some compromise,” NAACP Delegates. . “Meet In Chicago — For Convention <. From Wire and News Reports CHICAGO — (UPI) — The WNa- tional Association for the Advance- ment of Colored People Monday opened a convention which could make ‘history. The top NAACP spokesman said new mass demon- strations would result from the meetings. Roy “Wilkins, executive secretary of the NAACP, said at the star of the 54th annual convention that President Kennedy's civil rights program “must be enacted.” But Wilkins could not be expected to go along with the President's request for:a moratorium on demonstrations for equal rights while Kennedy's pro. gram is being debated in Congress, “This conven will stimulate iBtrations besause we will point @ut areas in which progress has net yet been made,” Wilkins said. | The NA cago could convention in CGhi- 1e most significant in the org on’s 54-year his- tory, just as9R year 1953 has been one of the Mi EE i... the Nezroes’ a Luba struggle, The 1500 tog spend six days tielegates will new plans e for advancing (help @@nse of equal rights anc racial Integration, They do so at a time when the issue dominates domestic politics arid Congress is aboul to begin debate on the most sweeping civil rights PIO} ram. to. be laid belere tsi oder (ines : e avorn North, South, Bast, and West, delegates by the huidreds had converged on the Windy ity at. the weekend for the convention. The meeting is the first national gathering of a civil rights organ! zation since the birth of the 1863 “civil, rights crisis’ tn the streets cl elsewhere, missing, an de- fulure + as employment, é MH, school desegrega-. tien, We ad ieeal action. They are exploring ways ‘ahd means of insuring. enactment of pending civil rights legislalion: “NOW OR NEVER” Roy Wilkins, execulive sorre- tary of the NAACP, told President Kennedy two weeks ago that the demandiration which inflamimed (he coun) could not pe halted un- {il equality for Negroes had bem achieved, The: mohbng hs onset Solan” B8rd ‘agua to “Gn felon) one warned Negroes ‘  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 49 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/306a0943a4e869e1d166488ed5259ba3.pdf 88c32088250d4c8da48880c4d720ac3d Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. , -- - - - SenaIe i6?.fee Gels ivil .Rigb1s~ H~~rings July :16 1. • A '( ' BY JOHN HERBE RS lJniled Press International · , WASHTNO'OON - (UPI) - ·rhc Senate Judiciary Committee, nead- by Mississippi 'Democrat James '-'· E~ and, announced Tuesday 1t will begin hearings on President Kennedy's civil rights b!ll on July 16,.,~ith Atty. Gen. Rober-t F. Kenneuy as fi'rst witness. The announcement a ppeare'd to confirm predictions bhat the f.u11 committee would conduct the hearings rather than turn them ove1. to a subcommittee flrst. :Thls means it will· be a one-stage procedure, I but does not necessarily sb.ovten coqsideration of the issue. ., · Senate Democrat.'-' leaders a.re conviuced there , le hope of g etMn t Kennedy's tlUlr. oMl, rights lbill , out oI Easttaritl's , committee. Thij.5 ,they lta,e devised . alterna t ive methods to get it to the Senate floor for consideration. DIVERTED 'TO CALE!liDAR This strategy c;alls for diverting, the H.ouse civil rig!Jts bl11 to. the Senate calendar when it arrives, -thereby avoiding having it assign~ ed t o the so-.called "graieyard" of the -Judiciary Committee. It could be then ca11ed up {or the begfunlng of what Is expected to be a deter. milled southern -filibuster. '11he Judiciary Committe~ will deal with all Uons Qf the PresJclei;it 's pr oPQIM ltlli~llt the public a,c,commoclat,191111t,. .a11111"e, which is under corudde n by the Senate Commeroe Committee. U 4or judiciary s tudy will be p ls Involving ,votlng rights, school· desegregation and tho possible cut- off deral funds for ·wb rl11)ina tion is =s Everett M . the publb a the ranking. . pubtlcan on tland's Jud.lcia-ry Committee. He favors other port,\ons of the administration progra.in, but Eastland and fellow southern senators oppose it general. )y , . MARK THIRJ> APPEARANCE The ·J uly 16 hearing!! will mark Atty. Gen . Kennedy's third major appear ance before a congressional commit tee on the President's civil r ights leglslatiop . He '8stifled bet e he.Hou~ J ~ Q>mbl hu;t wee)t and W8'1~ befele 1111 Senate Commerce Oommlt t-'t Mol'ldt!.Y a11d Tuesday. He will· r,bUrn 'Wed~esj:lay._ � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 48 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/17ba3d25120a12754171ade1fb7b0cf5.pdf 56decefe2b6749bdf783eafbfcd41f20 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. [COMMITTEE PRINT] J UN E 88TH CONGR ES S 1ST SESSIO N 20, 1963 s AB LL To eliminate discrimination in public accommodations affecting interstate commerce. By M:r. _________ __ ____ _ J UN E Read twice and , 1963 referr ed to the Committee on Commerce � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document [COMMITTEE PRINT] June 20, 1963 88tH CONGRESS ist SESSION s A BILL To eliminate discrimination in public accommo- dations affecting interstate commerce. JuNE , 1968 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 47 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/128824edc5c16a387d674d1004be9013.pdf fd40b5975823f0adea221ce50f3c204c Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. [COMMITTEE PRINT] J U NE 20, H)63 PRINTED FOR THE USE OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE 88TH CONGRESS 1 ST SESSION 5. /7J V IN ':l1HE SENATE OF THE UNITED s rrArrES J U NE , 1!)63 Mi:. __ _____ ___ introduced the following bill ; which w ns read t wice ::tnd r eferred to the Committee on Commerce A B LL To eliminate clisrrimination in pub1ic acconnnoclation~ affecting interstate commerce. I Be it enacted by the S enate and H~ ouse of R epresenta- 2 tives of the United S tates of A11ie1·ica in Congr·ess assembled, 3 That this Act may be cited as the "Interstate P ublic A ccom- 4 moclations Act of 1963." 5 FIN DINGS 6 SEO. 2. (a ) The American people ha.Ye become increa. - 7 ingly mobile during the last generation, and millions of 8 American citizens travel each year from State to State by 9 rail, air, bus, automobile, and other mean. . A substan6al 10 number of such travelers are members of minority racial J.20-104-1 �2 1 and religious groups. These citizens, particularly Negroes, 2 are subjected in many places to discrimination and segrega- 3 tion, and they are frequently unable to obtain the goods and 4 services available to other interstate travelers. 5 (b) Negroes and members of other minority groups who 6 travel interstate are frequently unable to obtain adequate 7 lodging .a ccommodations during their travels, with the result 8 that they may be compelled to stay at hotels or motels of 9 poor and inferior quality, travel great distances from their 10 normal routes to find adequate accommodations, or make 11 detruled arrangements for lodging far in .advance of sr,heduled 12 interstate travel. 13 ( c) Negroes and members of other minority groups 14 who travel interstate are frequently unable to obtain adequate 15 foo d service at convenient places along their routes, with 16 the result that many are dissuaded from traveling interstate, 17 while others must travel considerable distances from their 18 intended routes in order to obtain adequate fo od erv1ce. 19 (cl) Goods, services, and persons in the amusement and 20 entertainment industries commonly move in interstate com- 21 merce, and the entire American people benefit from the in- 22 creased cultural a:nd recreationa.I opportunities afforded 23 thereby. 24 tion artificially restrict the number of persons to whom the 25 interstate amnsement and entertainment industries may offer Practices of audience discrimination and segrega- �3 1 their goods and services. 2 state commerce by such practices and the obstructions to the 3 free flo w of commerce which result therefrom are serious 4 and substantial. The burdens imposed on inter- 5 ( e ) R etail establi.·hments in all States of the Union 6 purchase a wide vaii ety and a large volume of goods from 7 business concerns located in other States and in foreign 8 nations. Discriminatory practices in such C'sta blishmen ts, 9 which in some instances have led to the vvithholding of lO patronage by those affected by such practices, inhibi t and re- 11 strict the normal di stiibution of goods in the interstate 12 market. 13 (f ) Fraterna l, religious, scientific, and other or D'a m za- 14 tions engaged in interstnte operations are frequently di ssuaded 15 from holding conventions in cities whi ch they would other- 16 wise select because the public facilities in such cities are 17 eitber not open to all members of racial or reli gious minority 18 gronps or are ava il al>lc only on a segregated basis. 19 (g ) Business organization s arc frc<]_nen tl y haxn percd in 20 obtaining the services of skilled workers and persons iu tho 21 professions who are li kely to encounter discrirninat io11 lx1sed 22 on race, creed, color, or national origin in restaurants, retui l 23 stores, and places of amnsernent in the urea ,vhoro tl1rir 24 services are needed. 25 avoid subjecting their employees to such di.-crimina.tion and Bnsiness organ ization s which seek to \ �4 1 t o avoid th e strife resulting· th erefrom a.re r estricted in the 2 choi ce of location for their offices and plants. Such di s- 3 crimination thus reduces th e m obility of th e national labor 4 force and prevents the m ost effective allocation of na.ti011al 5 r esources, inc1nding th e interstate movemell t of imlustrics, 6 pa.rticularly 7 of industrial and commercial expan sion and development. u1some of th e a.rea s of th e Nation most in need 8 (h) rrhe discriminatory practices describ ed ab ove are 9 in a.ll cases encourag ed, fo stered, or tolerated in some degree 10 by th e gove111mental auth orities of the Sta te in which they 11 occur, which li cense or protect th e businesses iff, olYed hy 12 means of Jaws an d ordinan ces and th e a,d ivities of their 13 executive an d judicial officers. Snch cli:,crim inMory pra,c- 14 tices, par ticula rly when their cumulative effect throughout 15 the Nation is considered, tak e on th e cha.ra.cter of action by 16 the States and th erefore fal l within the ambit of the equcd 17 protection clause of the fo urteenth am endment to the Cou- 18 stitution of tbe U nited State. . 19 (i) rrhe burdens on aml oh:--tructi011s to commerce whi('h 20 a.re described abo, e can best be remoYecl by invoking the 21 power,· of Cong re. · ' under the fom-teentb amendment and the 22 commerce c]ause of the Constitution of tb e Un ited States to 23 prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion . or 24 rnitional ori gin in certain pnb]ic establishments. �D 1 RIGHT TO NONDTSCRIMINATION IN PLACES OF PUBLIC 2 ACOOMlVIODATION 3 SEC. 3. (a) All persons shall be entitled, without dis- 4 crimination or segregation on account of ra ce, color, religion, 5 or national 01igin, to the full and equal enjoyment of the 6 goods, services, facilities, privileges,· advantages, and accom- 7 modations of the following public establishments: 8 ( 1) any hotel, motel, or other public place engaged 9 in furnishing lodging to transient guests, including guests 10 from other States or traveling in interstate commerc~; 11 ( 2 ) any motion picture house, theater, sports a.rena, 12 stadium, exhibition hall, or other public place of amuse-· 13 ment or entertainment which customarily presents m6- 14 tion pictures, performing groups, athletic teams, exhibi- 15 tions, or other sources of entertainment which move in 16 interstate commerce; and 17 ( 3 ) any retaa shop, department store, market, 18 drugstore, gasoline sta tion, or other public place which 19 keeps goods· for sale, any restaurant, lunchroom, lunch· 20 counter, soda fountain, or other public place engaged in 21 selling food for consumption on the premises, and any 22 other establishment ·where goods, services, facilities 1 J.. 20- 104- 2 �G 1 privileges, advan.ta,ges, or accommodations aTe held oU:t 2 to the public for sale, use, rent, or hire, if- 3- (i) the goods, services, facilities, privileges, 4 advantages, or accommodations offered by any such 5 pla.ce or establishment are provid.ed to a ·substantial 6 degree to interstate travelers, 7 (ii)' a substantial portion of any goods held out 8 to the public by any such place or ;establishment 9 for sale, use, rent, or hire ha.s moved in intersta.te 10 commerce, 11 (iii) the activities or operations of such place 12 or establishment otherwise substantiall5 · affect iJ.1- 1_3 terstate travel or the _interstate n~ovenwnt of goods · 14 ·· in commerce, or 15 (iv) such place or establishment is an integral 16 part of an establishment inoludecl under this subJ 17 section. 18 For tlie purpose of this su.b.-ection, the term "integral part" 19 means physically located 011 the premis.es occupied by an 20 establishment, or located contiguous to such premises and 21 owned, operated, or controlled, directly or indirectly, by 22 or for the benefit of, or leased from the persons or business 23 entities which own, operate or control a11 esta,blishm nt. 24 (b) The provisions of this Act shall not apply to a 25 bona fide private cluh or other establisbn1ent not open to �7 1 the public, except to the extent that the facilities of such 2 · establishment are made available to the customers 01; pafrons 3 of an establishment v,~thin the sc-·ope of subsection (a). 4 PROHIBITION AGAINS'r DE NI AL OF OR I NTERFERENCE vVITH 5 THE RIGHT TO NOND'ISORIMIN ATION 6 Srio. 4. No person, wheth er acting nncler color of la.w 7 or ·oth er wise. shall (n) wit.l1hol<l , deny: or attempt to with- s hold or deny, or deprive or attempt to deprive, any person 9 of a.ny right or privilege secured by section 3) or (b) inter- 10 fere or attempt to interfere Virith ai1y right or privilege l l · secured by section 3, or ( c ) intimidate, threaten, or coerce 12 · any per.·01i witlY a purpose of inteif ei·ing ,v1th any right or 13 · privilege seCLtrecl by section 3, or ( d) puni sh or at.tempt to 14 puni .·h any person--for exei'cising or attempting to exerci se 15 any right or privil ege secured by secti on 3, or ( e) incite or 16 aid or abet any person to do any of the foregoing. 17 18 OJ.VIL A CTIOr FOR PREVENTIVE RELJEF SEO. 5. ( a.) vVhenever any person ha s engaged or 19 there a.re reasonable gTotu1ds to beli eve that any person is 20 abon t to engage in any act or practice prohibited by section 21 4 , a civil action for preventive relief, including an a.pplication 22 for a permanent or temporary injunction , restraining order , 23 or other order, may be instituted 24 aggrieved, or ( 2 ) by the A ttorney General for or in the 25 name of the United States ( 1 ) by the person i.f' he certifies that he has received �8 1 a, written complaint from the person aggrieYed and that in 2 his judgment (i) the person aggTieved is unable 'to initiate 3 and maintain appropriate legal proceedings and (ii) the 4 purposes of this Act ·will be materially furthered by the 5 filing of a.n action. 6 (b) In any action commenced pursuant to this Act by 7 the person aggrieved, he shall if he prevails, be allowed a, 8 reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs. 9 ( c) A person shall be deemed unable to initiate and 10 inaintain appropriate legal proceedings within the meaning of 11 subsection (a ) of this section when such person is unable, 12 either clirectly or through other interested persons or organi- 13 zations, to bear the expense of the litigation or to obtain 14 effective legal representation ; or when there is reason to be- 15 lieve that the institution of such litigntion by him would 16 jeopardize the employment or economic standing of, or might 17 result in injury or economic damage to, such person, his 18 family, or his property. 19 (cl) In case of any complaint received by the Attorney 20 General alleging a violation of section 4 in any jurisdiction 21 where State or local laws or regulations appear to him to 22 forbid the act or practice involved, the Attorney General 23 shall notify the appropriate State and local o·fficials and, 24 upon request, afford them a reasonable time to act under 25 such State or local laws or regulations before he institutes an �9 1 action. 2 be required if the Att01ney General shall file with the court 3 a certificate that the delay consequent upon such compliance 4 in the particular case would adversely affect the interests of 5 the U nited States, or that, in the particular case, compliance 6 ,vould be f1uitless. 7 Oompfomce with the foregoing sentence shall nou ( e ) In any case of i complaint received by the Attor- 8 ney General, inclucfu1g a case within the scope of subsection 9 (cl) , the A ttorney General shall, before instituting an action, 10 utilize the services of any Federal agency or instrumentality 11 which may be available to attempt to secure compliance with 12 . ection 4 by voluntary procedures, if in his judgment such 13 procednres are likely to be effective in the circumstances. 1-± .JU RISDICTION 15 SEC. 6. (a ) The di strict courts of the UnitBcl States J6 shall have jurisdiction of proceedings in. titutecl pursuant to 17 this .Act and sha ll exercise the same without regard to 18 whether the aggrieved party shall have exhausted any ad- 19 ministn1tive or other remedies that may be provided by la,v. 20 (h ) Thi s Act shall not preclude any individual or any 21 State or local a,gency from pursuing any remedy that may 22 be :wailahle uuder any ]fe deral or State law, including any 23 State statute or ordinance requi ring nondiscrimination m 24 public establishments or accommodations. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document [COMMITTEE PRINT] June 20, 1963 PRINTED FOR THE USE OF THE COMMITTEE ON To ooo Go co 10 COMMERCE 88ru CONGRESS << ist Session S [ y a 5 pe @ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES JUNE , 1963 te By introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce A BILL eliminate discrimination in public accommodations affecting interstate Commerce. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the “Interstate Public Accom- modations Act of 1963.” FINDINGS Sno. 2. (a) The American people have become increas- ingly mobile during the last generation, and millions of American citizens travel each year from State to State by rail, air, bus, automobile, and other means. A substantial number of such travelers are members of minority racial J. 20-104——1 bo >a oO -&- W co oO +1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24. 2 and religious groups. These citizens, particularly Negroes, are subjected in many places to discrimination and segrega- tion, and they are frequently unable to obtain the goods and services available to other interstate travelers. (b) Negroes and members of other minority groups who travel interstate are frequently unable to obtain adequate lodging accommodations during their travels, with the result that they may be compelled to stay at hotels or motels of poor and inferior quality, travel great distances from their normal routes to find adequate accommodations, or make detailed arrangements for lodging far in advance of scheduled interstate travel. (c) Negroes and members of other minority groups who travel interstate are frequently unable to obtain adequate food service at convenient places along their routes, with the result that many are dissuaded from traveling interstate, while others must travel considerable distances from their intended routes in order to obtain adequate food service. (d) Goods, services, and persons in the amusement and entertainment industries commonly move in interstate com- merce, and the entire American people benefit from the in- creased cultural and recreational opportunities afforded thereby. Practices of audience discrimination and segrega- tion artificially restrict the number of persons to whom the interstate amusement and entertainment industries may offer ao FF WwW WD ao 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24. 25 3 their goods and services. The burdens imposed on inter- state commerce by such practices and the obstructions to the free flow of commerce which result therefrom are serious and substantial. (e) Retail establishments in all States of the Union purchase a wide variety and a large volume of goods from business concerns located in other States and in foreign nations. Discriminatory practices in such establishments, which in some instances have led to the withholding of patronage by those affected by such practices, inhibit and re- strict the normal distribution of goods in the interstate market. (f) Fraternal, religious, scientific, and other organiza- tions engaged in interstate operations are frequently dissuaded from holding conventions in cities which they would other- wise select because the public facilities in such cities are either not open to all members of racial or religious minority groups or are available only on a segregated basis. (g) Business organizations are frequently hampered m obtaining the services of skilled workers and persons in the professions who are likely to encounter discrimination based on race, ereed, color, or national origin in restaurants, retail stores, and places of amusement in the area where their services are needed. Business organizations which seck to avoid subjecting their employees to such discrimimation and an om FF WO DW eo oO =A 10 11 12 13 14 4 to avoid the strife resulting therefrom are restricted in the choice of location for their offices and plants. Such dis- crimination thus reduces the mobility of the national labor force and prevents the most effective allocation of national resources, including the interstate movement of industries, particularly in some of the areas of the Nation most in need of industrial and commercial expansion and development. (h) The discriminatory practices described above are in all cases encouraged, fostered, or tolerated in some degree by the governmental authorities of the States in which they occur, which license or protect the busimesses involved by means of laws and ordinances and the activities of their executive and judicial officers. Such discriminatory prac- tices, particularly when their cumulative effect throughout the Nation is considered, take on the character of action by the States and therefore fall within the ambit of the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the Con- stitution of the United States. (i) The burdens on and obstructions to commerce which are deseribed above can best be removed by invoking the powers of Congress under the fourteenth amendment and the commerce clause of the Constitution of the United States to prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin in certain public establishments,  Da Oo FB WOW DO 10 11 ~ o RIGHT TO NONDISCRIMINATION IN PLACES OF PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION Src. 3. (a) All persons shall be entitled, without dis- crimination or segregation on account of race, color, religion, or national origin, to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and accom- modations of the following public establishments: (1) any hotel, motel, or other public place engaged in furnishing lodging to transient guests, including guests from other States or traveling in interstate commerce; (2) any motion picture house, theater, sports arena, stadium, exhibition hall, or other public place of amuse- ment or entertainment which customarily presents mo- tion pictures, performing groups, athletic teams, exhibi- tions, or other sources of entertainment which move in interstate commerce; and (3) any retail shop, department store, market, drugstore, gasoline station, or other public place which keeps goods for sale, any restaurant, lunchroom, lunch counter, soda fountain, or other public place engaged in selling food for consumption on the premises, and any other establishment where goods, services, facilities, J. 20-104-——2 m oF BD = oO a o wo A 10 ct 12 13 14 15 16 ve 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 6 privileges, advantages, or accommodations are held out to the public for sale, use, rent, or hire, if— (i) the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations offered by any such place or establishment are provided to a substantial degree to interstate travelers, (ii) a substantial portion of any goods held out to the public by any such place or establishment for sale, use, rent, or hire has moved in interstate commerce, (iii) the activities or operations of such place or establishment otherwise substantially affect in- terstate travel or the interstate movement of goods in commerce, or (iv) such place or establishment is an integral part of an establishment included under this sub- section. For the purpose of this subsection, the term “integral part” means physically located on the premises occupied by an establishment, or located contiguous to such premises and owned, operated, or controlled, directly or indirectly, by or for the benefit of, or leased from the persons or business entities which own, operate or control an establishment. (b) The provisions of this Act shall not apply to a bona fide private club or other establishment not open to a ms win or 10 iT 12 13 14 i: the public, except to the extent that the facilities of such establishment are made available to the customers or patrons of an establishment within the scope of subsection (a). PROHIBITION AGAINST DENIAL OF OR INTERFERENCE WITH THE RIGHT TO NONDISCRIMINATION Sec. 4. No person, whether acting under color of law - or otherwise. shall (a) withhold, deny. or attempt to with- hold or deny, or deprive or attempt to deprive, any person of any right or privilege secured by section 3, or (b) inter- fere or attempt to interfere with any right or privilege secured by section 3, or (c) intimidate, threaten, or coerce any person with a purpose of interfermg with any right or privilege secured by section 3, or (d) punish or attempt to punish any person for exercising or attempting to exercise any right or privilege secured by section 3, or (e) incite or aid or abet any person to do any of the foregoing. CIVIL ACTION FOR PREVENTIVE RELIEF Sec. 5. (a) Whenever any person has engaged or there are reasonable grounds to believe that any person is about to engage in any act or practice prohibited by section 4, a civil action for preventive relief, includmg an application for a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order, may be instituted (1) by the person aggrieved, or (2) by the Attorney General for or in the name of the United States if he certifies that he has received So i) 10 11 13 14. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22, 23 24 25 8 a written complaint from the person aggrieved and that in his judgment (i) the person aggrieved is unable to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings and (ii) the purposes of this Act will be materially furthered by the filmg of an action. (b) In any action commenced pursuant to this Act by the person aggrieved, he shall if he prevails, be allowed a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the costs. (c) A person shall be deemed unable to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings within the meaning of subsection (a) of this section when such person is unable, either directly or through other interested persons or organi- zations, to bear the expense of the litigation or to obtain effective legal representation; or when there is reason to be- lieve that the institution of such litigation by him would jeopardize the employment or economic standing of, or might result in injury or economic damage to, such person, his family, or his property. (d) In case of any complaint received by the Attorney General alleging a violation of section 4 in any jurisdiction where State or local laws or regulations appear to him to forbid the act or practice involved, the Attorney General shall notify the appropriate State and local officials and, upon request, afford them a reasonable time to act under such State or local laws or regulations before he institutes an m ow bb on 9 action. Compliance with the foregoing sentence shall not be required if the Attorney General shall file with the court a certificate that the delay consequent upon such compliance in the particular case would adversely affect the interests of the United States, or that, in the particular case, compliance would be fruitless. (e) In any case of a complaint received by the Attor- ney General, including a case within the scope of subsection (d) , the Attorney General shall, before instituting an action, utilize the services of any Federal agency or instrumentality which may be available to attempt to secure compliance with section 4 by voluntary procedures, if in his judgment such procedures are likely to be effective in the circumstances. JURISDICTION Sec. 6. (a) The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this Act and shall exercise the same without regard to whether the aggrieved party shall have exhausted any ad- ministrative or other remedies that may be provided by law. (b) This Act shall not preclude any individual or any State or local agency from pursuing any remedy that may he available under any Federal or State law, including any State statute or ordinance requiring nondiscrimination in public establishments or accommodations.  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 46 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/485f19413886e67b4dc1868677128084.pdf d8816b30e1948847e7040e10b961150d Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - AP~ENDIX The letter follows: The Job of Ending Job Discriminatio ECONOIIIIC Am ANAI,YZED: U .S. Goons AND SERVICES ACCOUNT FOR 90 P ERCENT, BELL EXTENSION OF R EMARKS SAYS To the EDITOR OF THE NEW y ORK TIMES : Some of your readers might have dra Incorrect inferences from figures you pu Usbed in section IV of your J uly 21 edit! regarding the rela tionship of economic t o the b alance of p a yments ot the Un S tates. You showed " economic a id" as a debit in the U.S. b ala nce of p ayments for 1962 a mounting to $3.5 billion- In a year in which the total deficit was $2.3 billion. An unwary r eader could easily h ave dra wn t he Inference t h at all we need to d o to remove the defic it would be to cut " economic aid" by $2.3 blllion. Such a n act ion would or course be ineffect ive. "Economic aid" as shown in your fig ures Includes ·t he outflow of surplus agricult ural commodities under Publ!c La w 480 ( about $1.3 billion in 1962), plus the outflow of goods and services-and dollars-financed by loans a nd grants und er our f oreign aid. With the policies tha t a re now in effect, m ore than 90 percent of total "economic aid" r epresents U .S . goods and ser vlces--not dollar outflow. Under these circumstances, a cut 1n congressional a ppropriat ions would principally r educe U.S. exports--wlt hout affect ing the b ala nce -of-payments d eficit substantially. EFFECT OF CUTS ON EXPORTS Recognizing the difficulty of estimating precisely t he effects of a change in a single f actor in the b alance of p a ymen ts, it ca n be said as a rough a pproxima t ion tha t a ·m eb illlon-dollar cut in " econom ic aid" would r educe U .S . exports b y $900 million a nd t h e d eficit 1n t he b alance of payments b y $100 million. (It t he h yp oth etical cut wer e as sumed to affect what Is ordinarily called foreign aid-and not to affect Public Law 480 and the Export-Import Bank-the proportions would be about $800 m1111on reduction In U .S . exports, and $200 million In the U .S. balance-of-paymen ts deficit. ) The conclusion Is clear. Under present p ol!cles, with economic and mlllta.ry assistance to other countries almost entirely taking the form of U.S. goods and ser vices, a lmost no gain to the balance-of-p ayments deficit can be achieved by reducing our foreign aid programs. Moreover, a foreign aid cut made on the mistaken assumption it would have a major impact on our payments deficit would instead serve chiefly to reduce U.S.-produced goods and services purchased for use abroad. I should also like to point out the positive gains to the United States from the establishment of progressive, growing economies abroad-which Is the main purposes of our economic assistance. U.S. exports to the Marshall Plan countries more than doubled from 1953 to 1962. Our exports to Japan more than tripled from 1950 to 1962. In many ot the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, where our economic aid goes today, aid-financed u.s. exports are finding acceptance and be- OF HON. WILLIAM FITTS RYAN OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF R EPRESENTATIVES T hursday, August 15, 1963 Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, the elimina tion of discrimina tion in employment is crucial to the civil rights battle. Until .t here is equality of job opportunity for all our citizens, full equality cannot be r ealized. A m a jor barrier has been discrimination in the apprenticeship progr a ms for skilled jobs. The worker of the future m ust be a skilled worker, and the Negro has been hurt in his search for a job because he is often, too often, unskilled. John F . H enning, Under Secretary of Labor and Manpower Administrator f or the Depa rtment of Labor has written a searching statemen t of the problems facing Government apprenticeship programs which appeared in the July 1963 issue of the American Federa tionist, the official m onthly of the AFL-CIO. I wish to bring his article to the a tten tion of my colleagues: E XPA.NDING APPRENTICESHIP FOR ALL AMERICANS (By J ohn F . Henning ) American Negro demands for fair employm ent h ave turned sharply to a precise area of dlspute : a pprenticeship train ing. T he new emp h asis is h ardly su rpris ing. Skilled journeymen a re t he Income elite of manual lab or . They look to a br igh tening future. All responsible projection s of U.S. la b or f or ce n eeds cite the continuing ca.JI for skilled labor and the d eclining p roportions of unskilled wor k . Back In 1957 the U .S. D.!lp artment of Labor issued Its now historic projections of t h e la bor force reqUlrements of the 1960's. The stu dy estimated that in 1970 America w!ll need 42 p er cent more professional and technical workers than in 1960, 24 p ercent more sales and ser vice p ersonn el, 22 p er cent more skilled workers, and 18 percent more semiskilled. The p ercentage of the unskilled will be down . T he prophecy presu mes a f ull employment economy In 1970. Without ec·onomic growth, both sldlled and unskllled will suffer. But not ali ke . For example, d uring the past 5 years, the national unemployment rate has approximated a disturbingly high 5.6 . percent, but 1n this p er iod the jobless rate among the unsk!lled has been at least twice that of the skilled . Whatever the course of the economy, the days of the unskilled a ppear numbered. Long ago Benjamin Franklln observed that he who hath a trade hath an estate. The d!fflculty is that he who rath a trade usually hath a white skin. As in Franklin's time, the one certain road to journeyman training ls the apprenticeship system. To some the road seems a narrow, twisted trail, bordered by b igotry and prlvllege. Whatever Its hazards, more than 150,000 young Americans today are found In registered apprenticeship programs. The average apprenticeship embraces 4 years of on-the-job training and normally entails 144 hours of related classroom Instruction a year. J coming famillar to consumers--which will enhance our normal commercial export markets in the future as those countries increase their incomes and their International purchasing power. DAVIDE. BELL, Admtninrator, Agency for International Development. A5239 The t ripar t ite forces of la bor, m a n agement, a nd Government sh ape the cha racter of ·apprenticeshlp tra ining. But the sh a pe of t h in gs does not satisfy a ny Amer ica n sensitive to the dem a nds of democracy. Federal responsib!l!t y ca me to apprenticeship with the a dopt ion of t he F itzgerald Act in 1937. The Fit zgerald Act called for F ederal a nd State Government promotion of la bor-ma n agement a pprent icesh ip progra m s. The Government role h as b een noncontroll!ng 1n t h a t actu al on-t he - job tra ining b as b een d irected b y t he employer, usually u n der union-nego tia ted conditions. The Government role h as b een significa nt in t h a t the U .S. Department of La bor and t he severa l State a p prenticeship agencies fix min imum sta nda rds for program r egist ra tion. Registra t ion en t itles apprentices in a pproved progra ms t o employment on Federal publ!c works projects and assures approved programs of t he ser vices of the Labor Dep a r t ment's Bureau of Apprenticeship and Tra ining or the services of the pertinent Sta te a gency. Historically, Federal registration of progra ms h as applied a like -to State sponsored as well as f ederally directed progra ms . Thirty Sta t es m anage their ow n a ppren ticeship agencies. In the r em a ining 20, the Federal Government alone · sponsors a nd guides appr enticeship . ·· Civil rights spokesm en long have h eld t he idea tha t Federal registration should be de- · nied any program stained by e t hnic discrimina tion. AFL-CIO President George Meany agrees . Mea ny b acked a 1961 attempt to write such a d enial int o F ederal law. Meany not ed , however, tha t discrimina t ion 1n a pprenticesh ip ls only p art of total job d iscrimin ation. He urged enactment of n Na tional F air Employment Practices Act with full powers of enfor cement. Bu t t he immediate question Is, What can be realized in the absence of a national FEP law? I n July 196 1, t h en Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg announced the Department of Labor would t hereafter req uire the inclusion of a sp ec!flc nondiscrimination statement in all apprenticeship standards of firms handling Gover nment contracts. He further declared a slmillar p rovision wou ld be required in the registration of any new apprenticeship program regardless or Its relationship to Federal works. La bor Department action did not die with the G oldber g pronouncement. The followIng achievements merit attention: I . Within the p ast year, the Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training assigned four minority consultants to the task of opening opportunities to Negroes and other minority peoples. Now located in Washington, New Yor k, Chicago, and San Francisco, they counsel with employers, joint apprenticeship committees and unions on a regional basis to encourage acceptance of qualified minority appl!cants. Additionally, they advise minority groups on apprenticeship fundamentals and admission processes. II. Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz on February 27, 1963, announced the appointment of a National Advisory Committee on Equal Opportunity in Apprenticeship and Training. The Committee consists of 15 members; 4 from management, from la bor, 5 from minority organizations, and 2 from the public. The Advisory Committee held its first meeting In Wa6hlngton on May 14 under the chairm a nship of the Under Secretary of Labor. The committee developed a five-point action program: �.. A5240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX 1. The establishment of appren ticeship Information centers in cer tain critica l cities throughout the Na tion. 2 . The fost ering of apprenticeship information centers t hrough Sta-te app rent iceship councils wh erever feasible. 3. The creation of research p rograms t o m easure th e present dep th of minority par ticipation In apprenticeship p rogra ms. 4. The Implem en tation of present antidiscrimination p rovisions In apprenticeship programs regist ered with t h e U.S. Dep artm ent of Labor. 6. The con sider ation of preapprent iceship p rograms for t h e training or you ng worker.a not qualified for a dmission to apprenticeship programs. III. The Depart m en t of Lab or, in coopera tion with t h e District of Colum b ia Apprent iceship Counc!I, the District of Columbia Commissioners and sch ool au t h orities, the U .S. Employment Service, labor a nd m an agement, open ed Its first Apprent iceship Information Oonter on June 17 In the Nation's Cap it a l. The In.formation Cen ter, which t h e Dep artment proposes to extend through ou t the Nntlon, offers young apprenticeship appliennts p ersona l and group coun.aolln g , nptlt ude testing, information on educational requirem ents a nd related da ta p ertaining to District apprenticeship program s. I t also offers a n orqerly sys tem or r eferra l to Joint a pprentlcesh lp committees and ser ves a~ a point of contact for unions, employers, and m inority groups. The values of the I nformntlon Center are Intended for all young Am9"lcan s, whatever their race, color, creed, or n at ion al origin. But t he Cen ter should b e of particular value to Negroes a nd ot h er m inorities from wh om t he knowledge of admission procedures a nd req uirem ents often h as b een withheld. IV. Secretary of Labor Wirtz Issued a directive to a ll Joint appren ticeship comm it tees of the Dist r ict of Columbia June 6, 1963, on the discrlmln at!on crisis in the District Jur!sd!dtlon. The Secr etary llst.ed the following requ!rem en ts for-- program s hoping to enjoy Federal reglstra tlon rlgh ts : 1. It apprentices a re not selected by a merit system alone, selections mus t be m ade in a manner that demonstrates equality of opportunity. 2. Waiting lists which reflect previous dis criminatory practices m ust be subjected to wh atever action ls necessary to offset such discrimination . V. President Kennedy on J une 4, 1963, directed the Secretary of Labor to require tha t "admission of young workers to appren ticesh ip programs be on a completely nondiscrimin a tory basis." VI. Following Secretary Wirtz' order of June 11, 1963, the Bureau of Apprenticeship b egan a 50-clty check of Negro a pprpntlcesh!p p articipation In Federal construction projects. The varied a ctivities here cited Indicate t he commit m en t of the Ken nedy administration to equa lt ly of opportunity In ap pren ticeship. The President h eld a nation a l conferen ce With 300 la bor officials a t the White House June 13 In wh ich b e ca lled for the end of Job d iscrimination a t every level of union Jurisdiction. This was one of a number of conferences on civil rights h eld with busin essmen, educators, clergymen, an d lawyers. However, the President noted that genuine equality of opport unity could be meaningful only in a f ull employment economy. National morality and the times will permit nothing less than full job equality, but without full employment this means sh arin g job scarcity regardl ess of r ace, color, creed or n ational origin. Job equality mu.st m ean sharing the bounty, not the scarcity of n ational life. But apprenticeship at its fullest would hardly have the capacity to s olve youth unemployment. The problem is beyond that. August 15 During the calendar year 1962, teen age un- I ndians p articipat ing _in California apprenemployment averaged 13 percent aga.lnst an ticeship programs as again.st 150 Negroes. overall n ation al figure of -5.6 percent. Dur- Mexican-Americans munbered 5.21, Japaneseing 1962 t h e a verage teen age u nemployment Americans 31 and Chinese-Americans 18. total was 816,000 workers. · The find ings suggest that Negroes n umbe1' Between 1957 and 1962 the total number just a bit more than 2 percent of Califorof r egistered apprentices In tra ining aver - nia 's apprentices. In the Federal census of. 1960, Negroes form ed "5.8 percent of the total aged 160,000. Appren tices In t rain ing today average only State p opulation and 4.7 percen t ot the 3 percent of the 6,077,000 teen age workers St ate"s m a le labor force. In the U.S. labor force. Of t h e teenage total, The State committee d a ta on minority 3,017,000 are male. r epresen tation among journeymen certified T he apprenticeship solu t ion assumes even in 1955 also are revealing. less prom ise when pictured against a 50A one-fourth r eturn of inquiries pegged percent mortalit y r ate. The consis t en t n a- ' Negro p articipation at 1.6 p ercen t. · t ional experience suggests that only o~e-hal! The journeymen survey indicates the reof those n ow in t ra ining will know ourney- warding n ature of skilled employmen t . m an status. Seventy-two p ercent of t he graduate a pprenThe propor tionate place of apprenticeship t ices wer e earning $7,000 or m ore a year, m u st also b e seen in t h e perspective of the while 52.4 percent wer e earnin g over $8,000 awesome burdens the America n economy will p er annum. On ly 11.2 p ercent were earning confront in the 1960's. less than $6,000 p er year . T h e U.S. Department of Labor tells tha t Ninety p ercent were enjoyin g full employt h e economy 1nu st provide 34.6 million n ew m ent on a yearly b asis. jobs I n ·t h e 1960'a to m n Lch Lbe demn uda or 8otb ourvoyo confirm 1.be ol<lllcd ll\bor population growth and tech nological change. problem .of t he Negro. But the totals do not The labor force will realize a net increase necessarlly prove d iscrim in ation. For exof 12.6 m!lllon throu gh population expan- ample, in certain survey areas Negroes had EJl n . --rh..la l nvo l veu LU1 lnc r o uiJl! o r 2 0 xnurn.rol'y , If ovor, u,p pll d. ! or upprontloonb.lp ltd • lion ·young workers. Death a n d the r etir e- mission . The f allure could r epresent either ment of old er workers will determine the resigna tion to bias or the absence of trainin g q u alifications. 12.5 million net figure. The t echnological impact will be great er . Tradition ally, Negroes h ave been the p arThe Labor Dep artment estimates t h e annu al t icular victim s - of h ast y and frequently 1.nrate of productivity Increase will be about dlfferen t counseling in the high school sys3 p ercent t hrou gh out the 1960's. This means tem s. In California's soaring school p oput h e output per m an-bout wm jump abou t lation , a senior student Is f ort unate If h e 3 p ercen t each year . The job displacemen t receives 1 hour of personal counselin g in statist ics b ecome frightening wh en t he 3 h is final year. This obtains .for any st udent percent produ ctivity r ate Is a pplied to an wha t ever bis r ace or s kin. The n a tional annual aver age employment figure o! 74 m il- practice Is scarcely d!Jierent. Each year thou.san ds of young America.us lion workers. F or t he 1960's this m eans t h e economy m u st provide 2.2 million new Jobs emerge fr om the secondary schools without each year to care for technological progress. any sen se of occupational d irection . A deThe decade's d em and wlJI be 22 million Jobs. qua t e h igh school counseling would be of The statis tics are germ ane because ap- p articular ben efit to t h e children of Negro prenticeship, unUke voca,t!onal education , a l- families recen tly rem oved f rom the agrarian ways h as been a job-related t raining sys- Sout h . These young p eople suffer t he same tem. Un less employers determine to hire lack of skilled labor tradition as did most of apprentices there ls no appren ticeshi p sys- the 19t h century European !.fumigrants who tem. Further , u nion.a relate the number of poured Into America searching for f reedom admitted a pprentices to the number of em - and opp ortu nity. Bu t wh ere immigrant Europeans could ployed journeymen . Given f ull em ploymen t , apprentice.ship seek manu al labor ln coal and steel and maritime employment, today's young Negro could come to its greatI\_ess. But at this h our, the immedia te cnsls f aces a labor m arket In wh ich there is little of a ppr enticeship discrimination plagues the f u ture for the unskllled . Not only because of d iscrimination but national conscience and cries for action . The Kennedy a dministration reforms must also b ecau se of lack of skills, Negro unemsu cceed. There Is hope and preeecten t in ployment is consistently tWice t he overall national average. In t h e calendar year 1962 the experience o! California . Four years a go Gov. Edmund G . Brown t h e rate of unemployment among Negroes n am ed appren t icesh ip bigotry a special was 11 percent against a n ation al average evil a nd called for r emedies. Adopt ion of 6.6 p er cent. Negroes rep resent 11 percent of a ll American workers but represent 22 of an FEP law In 1959 h elped greatly but was not q uite enough . The subtleties of p ercent of all unemployed. As indicated earlier, economic growth is apprenticeship bias often escape FEP enthe first requisite of f ull employment in the forcement. California's pla n h as won n ational praise. 1960's, the full employment that will give It feat u res (1) statewide and local commit- Job opportunity to a ll Americans. Economic growth, however, Will n ot find t ees on appren t icesblp opportunities for memb ers of minority grou ps; (2 ) local ap- employment for the unskilled . America n eeds an active labor market prentice Information cen ters for m aking vit al data a va ilable to high-sch ool stud en ts p olicy t o accompany the fiscal a.nd monetary policies of growth. An active labor and graduates. The statewide opp ortunities committee market policy would directly answer the was fou n d ed In 1960. It is comprised, like training n eeds of the U.S. labor force. The the Nat ional Advisory Committee, of labor, rate of unemployment among un.skllled man agem ent and m inorit y group represen- workers In t h e calendar year 1962 was 12 tatives and Includes Government spokesmen. percen t aga.l.nst the national average of 5.6 The California committee last year devel- p ercent. An active labor market policy also would oped t wo precedent-smashing surveys of the end racial and ethnic d iscriminat ion in emdepth of discrimination . The Initial study approached the ethnic p loymen t . But it would do more than that. It would identity of the more than 20,000 apprentices receiving training In CaUfornia. The sec- also achieve these ambitions: 1. An updated labor market in.formation ond Involved an ethnic sampling of journeym en who completed their apprentice Q'ain- service for workers a.nd employers. ing In 1955. 2 . An employment service warning sysThe first survey, based on a one-t.hird re- tem for Impending techn ological changes t urn of questionnaires, revealed the star- a.nd other changes causing serious job distling evidence that t here were 283 American placement. �1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - 3 . An effective informational service for career guidance and counseling. 4. An educat ional system, vocational as well as academic, wh1ch would answer curr ent and upcoming manpower n eeds. 5. An exp a nded a pprenticesWp training program. 6. An Improved system of j ob placem ent services. 7. A program f or aiding the mob ll!ty of workers. In summary, !t is obvious that Negro d is cr!m!nat!on in appr ent iceship has !ts unique and general fea tures. The Negro suffers b ecause of h is skin. Bu t h e suffers also be ca use he often ls an u nskilled worker in a n economy whtch h as lim!ted place f or the unskllled. Finally, h e suffers b ecau se he is a worker !n a society wh ich h as not yet found the wa y to full employmen t . The Issue of employment discrimin ation is not peculiar to a pprenticesh ip . It will b e found e verywhere, including the b anking, In su rance, and newspa per wor lds. I t will be f ound. in the professions and t h e r eligions of America. Indeed , d iScr!min a tlon is often strongest In sectors of n onunion employment. American la bor mus t p ersist in Its effor ts to realize full employmen t a nd the a bolition of the last measure of job d iscrimina tion. The efforts must reach to t he St a te counc!ls, local counc!ls, a nd local unions. The m atter ls moral . For m ore tha n 100 years la bor h as served as the social conscience of t he Nation. ' Unpurchased and unafra id , It h as led the everlasting struggle t o attain a society In which bread , security, and freedom shall be the right of all American s wh atever their r acial, r el!g!ous, or ethnic ident ity. Labor holds priceless creden tials of sacrifice and struggle. I t must use these c redentials n ow as mortal conflict shakes t he Nation. The h onor and duty of leadership r est wi t h t he trade union movement. Diplomatic Relations With a Quisling -EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI 0 11' ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES T hursday, August 15, 1963 . Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. S peaker, one of the proofs of retreat of the appease- ment-minded dreamers of the New Frontier is their h andling of the Soviet imposed Eastern European Red governments. The St. Louis Globe-Democrat, in an editorial on Monday, August 12, very concisely discusses our rela tions with Hungary, and under unanimous consent , I insert it into the R ECORD at this point : DIPL OMATIC R ELATIONS WITH A QUISLING As was widely predicted, t h e Un ited S tates is seeking to resume fu ll d1plomat!c relat ions with the H ungarian r egime. R eaders will recall that d1plomatlc ties were curtailed during the 1956 revolution against Soviet control. · T he loss of that revolution yoked the H un garians with a quisling regime run by the traitor, Janos Kadar, the lia ison man with the Soviet tank commnnders who decimated his people. Doubtless, the new American move w!ll be hailed by those who seek to avoid irritants in our r elations with the Soviets. But what in the name of diplomacy do we have to gain by sending an American minister to APPENDIX excha n ge views with the special toad y of Mr . Khrushchev In Buda pest ? . Ca n a n yone actually b elieve tha t 7 years after the Buda pest bloodba th. the r egim e enscon ced a t the p oint of victorious Ru ssia n b a yonets Is now the legit imate r epresentative of t he H ungarian people? If this America n palliative to the touchy soviet sens!b!lit!es over their wret ched r ole in Eastern Europe Is t o be typica l of ou r moves t o ease tensions, we would prefer to r etu r n to t he cold war . The Legacy of Project Mercury EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. CHARLES H. WILSON OF CAL IFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 15, 1963 CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr. Speaker, one of the companies actively engaged in the conquest of space is the Garrett Corp. of Los Angeles. This company employs more than 10,000 skilled personnel and produced the important environmental control system (ECS ) for Pr oject Mercury. In the Spring issue of New F r ontiers, a Garrett publication, an article dealing with the aspects of both the Project Mercury program and the Proj ect Gemini progra m bas cau ght my interest. I know many Members of the House are constantly sear ching for more information on the r ace to the Moon, and I t h erefore bring this article to the attent ion of~ colleagues. The article is as follows : Mr. TBE LEGACY OF P ROJECT M ERCU RY (By J ohn W. Bold) He was the last to ~o. Sh epard, Grissom , Glenn , Carp enter, an d Schlrra already had experienced the tense countdown, t h e surge of r ocketing into space, the exhUira tl,Qn of weightlessness and the security of recovery. But Gordon Cooper's 22 -orbit flight was the longest and most precise. ms was, for 29 h ours, a textbook fli ght. But !n the last few hours the NASA-McDonnell t eam used "all the p ages in the b ook." In the last fe w mi n u tes, an electrical problem forced the youngest astonau t to carefully position his s pacecraft, fi re the retro rockets and guide his Fai t h 7 spacecraft down t hrough t he a tmosphere-all by hand. He com pleted his long 34-hour, 600,000-m!le fli gh t wit hout the a id of aut omatic equip m ent. I t was a susp en sef ul ep!logu e to the 4 year saga of Proj ect Mercury. Shepard 's flight was the daring first . Grissom confirmed data and pr ep ared us f or a n orbi tal mission. Ca r penter's took a breathless " month" of m inutes b efore recover y was accompl ish ed in th e At lan t ic. Astrona u t Glenn's was a "real fi reball." Sch lrra. flew t h e first "textbook " fligh t . All six, each !n h is way, con tribu ted new d ata, new d rama. t o t he st6ry of manned space fligh t , t old !n an unprecedented f r ankness by NASA's M(lnncd Spacecraft Center. But now is the t ime for retrospection . The Wgh ly successftU Projec t Mercur y program has ended . During this 5-year p rogram, wh at have we lear ned ? What new t h eories h ave evolved from this Nation's first mann ed space program? What new engineering con cepts wil help us In future spacecr aft d evelopment work? In particular, what have we learned A5241 f r om P roject Mercury that w ill aid us in Pr oject Gemini? An in sight int o the answers to these q u estions can be gained a t Garrett-A!Research , which produ ced the vital environmental control system (ECS ) for Project Mer cury, u nder contra ct to McD.onnell Aircraft Co. It ls now d eveloping a slm!lar system for Project Gexnin!, again un der a McDonnell contract. Both programs are under the tecb n!cal d ir ect ion of NASA's Ma n n ed Sp acecraft Center. Na turally, the experience of both com pa n ies gained in P roject Mercury tran scends into the Gem!ni pr ogra m. "Exper ience ls the b est sch oolmast er, a nd it h as t a u gh t u s a grea t d eal ," r eflects R . C. "Dick" Nelso11 , AiR esearch's progra m m anager for the Project Gem !ni en vironment al con t rol system . "At an ear l y meetin g a t McDonnell," h e r eca lls, " we were a ble to sit down a nd quickly determine and analyze problem areas. Imm ediately we foresaw ch anges in the ECS which would be n ecessar y b eca u se of ch a n ges in the mission profile and wh at we learned from Mercury. "From our point of vtew," Nelson believes. "there 's on e Important · thin g we've learned f rom Mercury. Tha t's a bout the man. He h as shown tha t a well trained 'test p!lot ,' who can t hink and act Is more d esira ble t h a n t h e most sophistica t ed , a u tom atic equip ment yet designed ." "As a result," Nelson continues, "the Gemini environmental cont rol system will h a ve less a utomatic control more xnanual operation. By reducing the complexity of the system we wlll increase rella b!lity. Since t h e Gemini astrona uts will h a ve ' time on t h eir ha.ncis' to think and act durl.n g their 2 week mission, less a u tom ation ls re quired ." (F ollowing Gordon Coop er 's flight, Walter C. W!lJiams, associa te d1rector for NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, told the p ress that if a m a n were not a board the Faith 7 h e dou b ted 1! It could have reentered and been recovered .) I n P roject Gemini, man's requirements wlll be b asically the same. T hus the f u nct ion of the ECS remains u nchanged- to provide two astrona u ts a safe and comfortable atmosphere f or 2 weeks ln space. The system wlll provide f r esh oxygen, cabin and suit pressurization, thermal control, water m a n agem ent and toxlc gas removal. To accompUsh these functions, the Gemini ECS can be grouped Into the following functions: the loop, or circuit, for suit cooling and p ressurization; the cabin loop for cooling and pressurization; the fr esh oxygen supplypr imary secondary, and emergency egress; t h e water management loop; the coolant loop. The egress oxygen supply ls part of the launch a bort system, slmllar to aircraft t ype ejection seat s . It will be u sed !n Gem ini in lleu of the escap e tower system wh ich wns u sed in Proj ect Mercury. The learning curve which "lifted off th e p ad " With Mercury h as d ictated som e changes in the Gemini system as compared t o Mercury. Nelson llst.s seven areas In which Mercury experience h as resulted !n Impr ovements : 1. Coolan t subsystems and t h ermal regulation. 2. P ressure r egulation. 3. Moisture rem oval. 4. Su it compressors. 5. System geometry and installation. 6. Testin g. 7. R ells bUity. In addi tion , t h e longer mission profile haa r esulted in new concepts in the following areas : 1. Oxygen su pplies. 2. Heat transfer equipment. 3. P ower su pplles. 4. System servicing. 5. Water management. �A5242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - For oxygen st orage: a different source replaces the high pressure system (7,500 pounds per square inch) used in Mercury. The new source, a supercritical system, will serve as the primary source of oxygen. A high pressure source (5,000 pounds per square inch) wm be secondary. Supercritical storage defies definition In layman's terms. However, it 1s oxygen compactely stor ed in a sta te between a gas and a l!qUld. In orbit the supercritical storage provides enough oxygen with ample r eserve for two men, for 14 days, in the Gemini spacecraft-occupying a minimum of space and weight. During reentry, the high pressure source, which also serves a backup for tt:re supercritical system, will supply the necessary oxygen, pressurization and cool!ng. In Project Mercury, cooling was totally dependent on a cabin and suit heat exchanger boiling water as the coolant. These wa ter boilers were ideal for the weight and short mission of Mercury. In fact, In some instances, water will continue to be used for cooling In Gemini. However, the cooling burden In Project Gemini will f all on sbi: heat exchangers using a recycling oil-type coolant Instead of water. Heat absorbed by the coolant will be radiated Into space instead or boiled off as steam as in Mercury. The constant manual control of the hea t exchangers will also be eliminated. This operatlOJ\, slm1lar to adjusting a home a ir conditioning system, will be replaced by an automatic system with manual . override. This wm eliminate excessive temperatures Incurred before the bolling process stabilized temperatures in the spacecraft-usually before the end of the first orbit. Expulsion of the coolant in Mercury was accomplished in a pressurized tank with a bladder forcing the water out. The Gemini system wm comprise a closed loop unit including four parallel pumps--two In a loop-for more effective coola nt circulation. During each launch the Mercury l!thium hydroxide canister required special attention. Engineers kept an accurate count on the time each cannister was u sed and tested. This way, launch personnel were assured sufficient lithium hydroxide was available !or carbon dioxide removal tor the entire length of the mission. In Gemini, lithium hydroxide will be used again; however, the amount Installed In the re-entry module w111 be more than adequate. _ The water separator, which was a pneumatically operated sponge type, will be replaced by a static type separator with no moving parts. This development is an outgrowth or Garrett's extensive aircra ft air conditioning and pressurization experience. It ellmlnates the possibility or high moisture content (humidity) In the sp acecraft, and with no moving parts, Is more reliable. Sult and cabin compressors will have greater capacity (23 and 88 cubic feet per minute respectively) but wlll require little additional power. Conservation of electrical power has been a design objective throughout the Gemini program. But It Is not a n easy goa l. In Mercury, A!Research d elivered 49 different ECS components to McDonnell where they were assembled. The Gemini system contains 114. However, as Dick Nelson puts it, " we are marrying many of the components here at A1Resear ch ," so that 84 components will be Integrated Into 11 modules. This m arriage, Instigated by McDon n ell, Insures optimized design and better -performance. The other 30 components will be d elivered ind ividually. T he marriage of componen ts into comp atible modules enables t he subsystem to b e quickly divorced from the sp acecraft. Thus, d u rin g t he countdown If a malfunction occurs In a module It can be quickly r emoved and r eplaced. I n fact t h e en t ire Gemini suit m odule ECS can be replaced in 40 minutes. By comparison, In Mercury it required 24 August 15 APPENDIX hours to r emove the carbon dioxide absorption ca nister alone. What is the status of the Gemini environmental control system ? In May, the first m ajor segment -of t h e Gemini environmental control system was shipped to McDonnell, St. Louis for testing. Dick Nelson took personal charge of the shipment. After telephoning several d epartment heads to insure proper p ackaging and shipment, Nelson swung his 6-foot, 6-inch, 220-pound frame around and said, "I feel I'm send ing my first child 011 a trip." Without a doubt, every AiResearcher who h ad nursed the production of teh equipment a long felt t he same way. Today, comprehensive m anned tests are being conducted to prove the operational compatibility of the environmental control system to the man. These tests are being conducted in A!Research, Los Angeles and soon reliablllty and qualificat ion tests will begin in AiResearch's new lab in Torra nce. This new multimillion-dollar facility is replete with clean rooms a nd liigh altitude chambers (capable of simulating 240,000 feet a lt itude). New data acquisition equipment electronically records more than 300 measurements on each test. This equipment enables deta il-conscious engineers to a n a lyze t est d ata In hours when previously it required days, often weeks. The meticulous task of designing, fabricating and testing the Gemini environmental control system Is a carryover from Project Mercury. Much or the technology gained in Project Mercury ECS Is directly applicable to Gemini. As an example, Nelson cites the Gemini testing program: "We are not trying to devise new testing procedures," be said. "E,cperlence enables u s to retain the va.Jld concepts u sed In Mercury and add improvem en ts." "The experience we gained In Mercury has gl ven us confidence In our Gemini work and in systems for the future," says Nelson. And what of the fu t ure ? Our national goal is to la nd a man on the moon. Just as experience galned ..from Project Mercury ls applied to Gemini, so will Project Gemini d ata be applicable to Project Apollo. The Apollo Spacecraft, with an AiResearch environmental control system aboard, will carry three men to the moon. Cost of the Nation's space program rests heavy on the Federa l budget. Today, cost conscious engineers are optimizing the1r design and using their creative ingenuity to minimize development ·costs. Certainly, the carryover experience "from Mercury to Gemini will result In vast savings. Wills.rd E. Wilks, In his new book "The New Wilderness-Wha t We Know About Space" notes that It will require an average of $7 b1lllon a year to accomplish our national space goal. "It Is less than the $7.6 billion Americans spend ~nnually on cigars and cigarettes," be wrote. At first glance the cost of the Nation's space program seems as h1gh as the apogee of Gemini Itself. However, erudite plann1ng on the p art or the Nat ion al Aerona utics and Space Administra tion has kept costs n ominal. Already, nine n ew astronau ts are selected and are ga ining from experiences of the origina l s even. (At a recent Cape Canaveral pre.se conference, astronaut "Deke" Slayton, who is coordinator of Astronaut Activity, quipped to newsmen tha t they preferred to be called the "original" r ather than "old" astronau ts. ) Of the original astronauts Wally Schlrra was assign ed the environm en tal oontrol system as his special assignment. In the n ew grou p, J ohn Young, a Navy pilot, will con centrate on the ECS. But it t.ook one of the " original" sages to place the manned space program in proper perspective. Astrona ut J ohn Glenn said , "But the greatest of all benefits from manned space flight will un dou btedly come from some now-unforeseen discoveries occasioned by man's ability to assess the n ew things he encounters In the unknown." For the present little Is unforeseen or un known. The Nation's space program stands strong, bolstered by legs of ~xperience. Civil Rights by Bishop Andrew Grutka EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. RAY J. MADDEN I OF INDIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 15, 1963 Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, the following are excerpts from a pastoral letter by Bishop Andrew G. Grutka of the Gary, Ind., Catholic diocese. · Bishop Grutka's diocese ·contains the great Calwnet industrial region of Indiana. It is made up of many nationalities, races, and religions. This great cosmopolitan region for over a quarter of a century has been actively making a sincere effort to practice civil rights. Our area is probably more free from racial agitation than any area in the Nation. ~ Religious leaders like Bishop Grutka, business leaders, public officials, and all segments of business have been making a sincere effort to practice civil rights. The following is a news item on Bishop Grutka's message and also an editorial from the Gary (Ind.> Post Tribune commenting on the message : GRUTKA ASSAILS RACE PREJUDICE IN PASTORAL LETI'ER A pastoral letter Issued today by Bishop Andrew G. Grutka of the Gary Catholic diocese brands racial prejudice and Injustice as heinous crimes against God and man. Divided Into three p arts, the letter follows t he theme of rac!al Justice and charity. It explains Christian teaching, areas of cone.e m, and the roles of the church and the Individual in elimina ting racial d iscriminat ion, preJudlc~. and segregation. The bish op wrote that the letter wasn 't fulfillment of an official duty. "It is rather the expression o! a d eep and painfully felt concern for many sorely tried and shrunefully treated members of our community, Negroes In particular." He cited the fact that Negroes a re pooling resources and energies and enduring hardships to get free exercise of human rights and dignities. He urged "right-thinking persons and practicing Christians" to len d Negroes a h and In this effort. Admitting the message offers no simple or easy solution for the elimination of prejudice, discrimination, or segregation , the bishop said It hopes f or a change in attitude and that Christians will follow the m ean"ing of John 18 :34: "A new commandmen t I give you that you love one another." Grutka explains the unity of t he h u man r ace by r eferences to the teachillgs of the story of creation In the Bible, to statements by Pope Plus XXII, Pope John XIII Md to action of t he bishops of the United States in 1958. The equalit y of all m en , the human dignit y of all m en and the honor of all men are cited In h is explanation. He explains how foreign Immigrants, once r ejected, have been asslm1lated In to our society and are not easily recognized as distinct ethnic grou ps. Then, he writes, "Th e Negro is faced with slm llar challenges in h ousing, employment, � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document 1963 The letter follows: Economic Am ANALYZEnD: U.S. oe Severs AccouNT For 90 PERceNr, BELL Ss ree oem en cee ares tially. : EFFECT OF CUTS ON EXPORTS cognizing the difficulty of estimating Prstneny He oHSGta et & Econ 6 aan factor Pe ae payments, it can be said as a rough approximation that a >%ne- billion-dollar cut in “economic aid" would reduce U.S. exports by $900 million and the deficit in the balance of payments by $100 million. (If the hypothetical cut were as- sumed to affect what is ordinarily called foreign aid—and not to affect Public Law 480 and the Export-Import Bank—the pro- portions would be about $800 million reduc-. tion in U.S. exports, and $200 million in the U.S. balance-of-payments deficit.) The conclusion is clear. Under present policies, with economic and military assist- ance to other countries almost entirely tak- ing the form of U.S, goods and services, al- most no gain to the balance-of-payments deficit can be achieved by reducing our foreign aid programs. Moreover, a foreign aid cut made on the mistaken assumption it would have a major impact on our pay- ments deficit would instead serve chiefly to reduce U.S.-produced goods and services purchased for use abroad. I should also like to point out the positive gains to the United States from the estab- lishment of progressive, growing economies abroad—which is the main purposes of our economic assistance. U.S. exports to the Marshall Plan countries more then doubled from 1963 to 1962. Our exports to Japan more than tripled from 1950 to 1962. In many of the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, where our economic aid goes today, ald-financed U.S. exports are finding acceptance and be- coming famillar to consumers—which will enhance our normal commercial export mar- kets in the future as those countries increase their Incomes and their international pur- chasing power. Davi E, Bern, Administrator, Agency for International Development. A5239 wane 1 pare forces of labor, management, Government shape the character of ap- ip training. But the shape of satisfy any American sensi- things does not tive to thé demands of democracy. Federationist ‘the official monthly of | the F I wish to bring ae article to the attention of my col EXPANDING hee neta eee a AMERICANS (By John F. Henning) American Negro demands for fair employ- ment have turned sharply to a precise area of dispute: apprenticeship The new emphasis is hardly surprising. Skilled journeymen are the income elite of manual labor. They look to a brightening future. All re ible ns of U.S. labor force needs cite the continuing call for skilled labor and the declining propor- tions of unskilled work. Back in 1957 the U.S, Department of Labor issued its now historic projections of the labor force requirements of the 1960's. The study estimated that in 1970 America will need 42 percent more professional and tech- nical workers than in 1960, 24 percent more sales and service personnel, 22 percent more skilled workers, and 18 percent more semi- skilled. The percentage of the unskilled will be down, The prophecy presumes a full employment economy in 1970. Without economic growth, both skilled and unskilled will suffer. But not alike. For example, during the past 5 years, the national unemployment rate has approximated a disturbingly high 5.5. percent, but in this period the jobless rate among the unskilled has been at least twice that of the skilled. Whatever the course of the economy, the days of the unskilled appear numbered. Long ago Benjamin Franklin observed that he who hath a trade hath an estate. The dif- ficulty is that he who rath a trade usually hath a white skin. As in Franklin's time, the one certain road to journeyman training is the apprenticeship system. To some the road seems a narrow, twisted trail, bordered by bigotry and privi- lege. Whatever its hazards, more than 150,000 young Americans today are found in registered apprenticeship programs, The average apprenticeship embraces 4 years of on-the-job training and normally entails 144 hours of related classroom in- atruction a year. ’ agement apprenticeship p bility came to apprentice- ) with the adoption of the Fitzgerald Act Fitzgerald Act called for Federal and The State Government of labor-man- Tams. The Gov- ‘ernment role has been noncontrolling in that Eee ee has been directed ne : The Governme under union-nego- program entitles apprentices in ap- to employment on Federal public works prolects and assures approved of the services of the Labor De- ‘s Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training or the services of the pertinent 1 . Historically, Federal registra- 5 Igrams has applied alike to State BNoheoked as well as federally directed pro- Thirty States manage their own appren- ticeship agencies. In the remaining 20, the Federal Government alone ‘sponsors’ and guides apprenticeship, Civil rights spokesmen long have held the idea that Federal registration should be de- nied any program stained by ethnic dis- crimination, AFL-CIO President George Meany agrees. Meany backed a 1961 attempt - to write such a denial into Federal law. Meany ance however, that discrimination in apprenticeship is only part of total job discrimination. He urged enactment of a National Fair yment Practices Act with full powers of enforcement. But the immediate question is, What can be realized in the absence of a national FEP law? In July 1961, then Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg announced the Department of Labor would thereafter require the in- clusion of a specific nondiscrimination state- ment in all apprenticeship standards of firms handling Government contracts. He further declared a similiar provision would be re- quired in the registration of any new ap- Reta. program regardless of its re- tionship to Federal works. Labor Department action did not die with the Goldberg pronouncement. The follow- ing achievements merit attention: I. Within the past year, the Bureau of Ap- prenticeship and Training assigned four minority consultants to the task of opening opportunities to Negroes and other minority peoples. Now located in Washington, New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, they counsel with employers, Jolnt apprenticeship committees and unions on a regional basis to encourage acceptance of qualified minority applicants. Additionally, they adyise minor- ity groups on apprenticeship fundamentals and admission processes. IL. Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz on February 27, 1963, announced the appoint- ment of a National Advisory Committee on Equal Opportunity in ‘Apprenticeship and Training. The Committee consists of 15 members; 4 from management, from labor, 5 from minorlty organizations, and 2 from the public. The Advisory Committee held its first meet- ing in Washington on May 14 under the chair- manship of the Under Secretary of Labor, The committee developed a flye-polnt action program: A5240 1. The establishment of apprenticeship in- formation centers in certain critical cities throughout the Nation. 2, The fostering of apprenticeship infor- mation centers through State apprenticeship councils wherever feasible. 3. The creation of research programs to measure the present depth of minority par- ticipation in apprenticeship programs. 4. The implementation of present anti- discrimination provisions in apprenticeship programs registered with the U.S. Depart- ment of Labor, 6. The consideration of preapprenticeship programs for the training of young workers not qualified for admission to apprentice- ship programs. Ill. The Department of Labor, in coopera- tion with the District of Columbia Appren- ticeship Council, the District of Columbia Commissioners and school authorities, the U.S. Employment Service, labor and manage- ment, opened its first Apprenticeship Infor- mation Center on June 17 in the Nation's Capital. The Information Center, which the De- partment proposes to extend throughout the Nation, offers young apprenticeship appli- cants personal and group counseling, apti- tude testing, information on educational re- quirements and related data pertaining to District apprenticeship programs. It also offers an orderly system of referral to joint apprenticeship committees and serves as a point of contact for unions, employers, and minority groups. The values of the Information Center are intended for all young Americans, whatever their race, color, creed, or national origin. But the Center should be of particular value to Negroes and other minorities from whom the knowledge of admission procedures and requirements often has been withheld. IV. Secretary of Labor Wirtz issued a di- rective to all jolnt apprenticeship commit- tees of the District of Columbia June 5, 1963, on the discrimination crisis in the District jurisdiction. The Secretary listed the fol- iowing requirements for programs hoping to enjoy Federal registration rights: 1, If apprentices are not selected by a merit system alone, selections must be made in a manner that demonstrates equal- ity of opportunity. 2. Waiting lists which reflect previous dis- criminatory practices must be subjected to whatever action is necessary to offset such discrimination. V. President Kennedy on June 4, 1963, di- rected the Secretary of Labor to require that “admission of young workers to apprentice- ship programs be on a completely nondis- criminatory basis.” VI. Following Secretary Wirtz’ order of June 11, 1963, the Bureau of Apprenticeship began a 50-city check of Negro apprentice- ship participation in Federal construction projects. The varied activities here cited indicate the commitment of the Kennedy adminis- tration to equaltiy of opportunity in ap- prenticeship. The President held a national conference with 300 labor Officials at the White House June 13 in which he called for the end of job discrimination at every level of union jurisdiction. This was one of a number of conferences on civil rights held with busi- neéssmen, educators, clergymen, and lawyers. However, the President noted that genuine equality of opportunity could be meaning- ful only in a full employment economy. National morality and the times will permit nothing less than full job equality, but without full employment this means sharing job scarcity regardless of race, color, ereed or, national origin. Job equality must mean sharing the bounty, not the scarcity of national life. But apprenticeship at its fullest would hardly have the capacity to solve youth unemploymient. ‘The problem is beyond that, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — APPENDIX During the calendar year. 1962, teenage un- employment averaged 13 percent against an overall national figure of 5.6 percent. Dur- ing 1962 the average teenage unemployment total was 816,000 workers. Between 1957 and 1962 the total number of registered apprentices in training aver- aged 150,000. Apprentices in training today average only 3 percent of the 5,077,000 teenage workers in the U.S. labor force. Of the teenage total, 3,017,000 are male. . The apprenticeship solution assumes even less promise when pictured against a 50- percent mortality rate. The consistent na- tional experience suggests that only one-half of those now in training will know journey- man status. The proportionate place of apprenticeship must also be seen in the perspective of the awesome burdens the American economy will confront in the 1960's. The U.S. Department of Labor tells that the economy must provide 34.5 million new jobs in the 1960's to match the demands of population growth and technological change. The labor force will realize a net increase of 12.5 million through population expan- sion. This Involven tn incretise of 26 mil- lion young workers. Death and the retire- ment of older workers will determine the 12.5 million net figure. The technological impact will be greater. The Labor Department estimates the annual rate of productivity increase will be about 3 percent throughout the 1960's. This means the output per man-hour will jump about 3 percent each year. The job displacement statistics become frightening when the 3 percent productivity rate is applied to an annual average employment figure of 74 mil- lion workers. For the 1960's this means the economy must provide 2.2 million new jobs each year to care for technological progress. The decade's demand will be 22 million Jobs. The statistics are germane because ap- prenticeship, unlike vocational education, al- ways has been a job-related training sys- tem. Unless employers determine to hire apprentices there is no apprenticeship sys- tem. Further, unions relate the number of admitted apprentices to the number of em- ployed journeymen. Given full employment, apprenticeship could come to its greatness. But. at this hour, the immediate crisis of apprenticeship discrimination plagues the national conscience and cries for action, The Kennedy administration reforms must succeed. There is hope and precedent in the experience of California. Four years ago Gov. Edmund G, Brown named apprenticeship bigotry a special evil and called for remedies, Adoption of an FEP law in 1959 helped greatly but Was not quite enough. The subtleties of apprenticeship bias often escape FEP en- forcement. California’s plan has won national praise. It features (1) statewide and local commit- tees on apprenticeship opportunities for members of minority groups; (2) local ap- prentice information centers for making vi- tal data available to high-school students and graduates. The statewide opportunities committee was founded in 1960. It is comprised, like the National Advisory Committee, of labor, Management and minority group represen- tatives and includes Government spokesmen. The California committee Iast year devel- oped two precedent-smashing surveys of the depth of discrimination. The initial study approached the ethnic identity of the more than 20,000 apprentices receiving training in California. The sec- ond involved an ethnic sampling of journey- men who completed their apprentice train- ing in 1955, The first survey, based on a one-third re- turn of questionnaires, revealed the star- tling evidence that there were 283 American August 15 Indians participating in California appren- ticeship programs as against 150 Negroes. Mexican-Americans numbered 521, Japanese- Americans 31 and Chinese-Americans 18. ° The findings suggest that Negroes number just a bit more than 2 percent of Califor- nia's apprentices. In the Federal census of 1960, Negroes formed 5.8 percent of the total State population and 4,7 percent of the State's male labor force. The State committee data on minority representation among journeymen certified in 1955 also are revealing. A one-fourth return of inquiries pegged “Negro participation at 1.5 percent. The journeymen survey indicates the re- warding nature of skilled employment. Seventy-two percent of the graduate appren- tices were earning $7,000 or more a year, while 52.4 percent were earning over $8,000 per annum. Only 11.2 percent were earning less than $6,000 per year. Ninety percent were enjoying full employ- ment on 4 yearly basis. Both surveys confirm the skilled labor problem of the Negro. But the totals do not necessarily prove discrimination. For ex- ample, in certain survey areas Negroes had rarely, 1f ever, applied for apprenticeship Ad- mission. The failure could represent either resignation to bias or the absence of training qualifications. Traditionally, Negroes have been the par- ticular victims-of hasty and frequently in- different counseling in the high school sys- tems. In California’s soaring school popu- lation, a senior student is fortunate if he receives 1 hour of personal counseling in his final year. This obtains for any student whatever his race or skin. The national practice is scarcely different. Each year thousands of young Americans emerge from the secondary schools without any sense of occupational direction. Ade- quate high school counseling would be of particular benefit to the children of Negro families recently removed from the agrarian South, These young people suffer the same lack of skilled labor tradition as did most of the 19th century European immigrants who poured into America searching for freedom and opportunity. But where immigrant Europeans could seek manual labor in coal and steel and maritime employment, today’s young Negro faces a labor market in which there is little future for the unskilled. Not only because of discrimination but also because of lack of skills, Negro unem- ployment is consistently twice the overall national average. In the calendar year 1962 the rate of unemployment among Negroes was 11 percent against a national average of 5.6 percent. Negroes represent 11 percent of all American workers but represent 22 percent of all unemployed. As indicated earlier, economic growth is the first requisite of full employment in the 1960's, the full employment that will give job opportunity to all Americans. Economic growth, however, will not find employment for the unskilled. America neéds an active labor market policy to accompany the fiscal and mone- tary policies of growth. An active labor market policy would directly answer the training needs of the U.S. labor force. The rate of unemployment among unskilled workers in the calendar year 1962 was 12 percent against the national average of 5.6 percent. An active labor market policy also would end racial and ethnic discrimination in em- ployment. But it would do more than that. It would also achieve these ambitions: 1. An updated labor market information service for workers and employers. 2. An employment service warning sys- tem for impending technological changes and other changes causing serious job dis- placement. 1963 $3, An effective informational service for career guidance and counseling. 4. An educational system, vocational as well as academic, which would answer cur- rent and upcoming manpower needs. 5. An expanded apprenticeship training program. 6, An improved system of job placement services. 7. A program for aiding the mobility of workers. In summary, it is obvious that Negro dis- crimination in appreni h and general features. The | suite cause of his skin. But he suffers also be- cause he often is an unskilled worker in an economy which has limited ice for the unskilled. Finally, he suffers because he is a worker in a society which has not yet found the way to full employment. The issue of employment discrimination is not peculiar to apprenticeship. It will be found everywhere, including the bank- ing, insurance, and newspaper worlds. It will be found in the professions and the religions of America. Indeed, discrimina- tion is often strongest in sectors of non- union employment. . American labor must persist in its efforts to realize full employment and the aboli- tion of the last measure of job discrimina- tion. The efforts must reach to the State councils, local councils, and local unions, The matter is moral. For more than 100 years labor has served as the social con- science of the Nation. ' Unpurchased and unafraid, {t has led the everlasting struggle to attain a society in which bread, security, and freedom shall be the right of all Amer- jeans whatever their racial, religious, or ethnic identity, Labor holds priceless credentials of sacri- fice and struggle. It must use these creden- tials now as mortal conflict shakes the Na- tion. The honor and duty of leadership rest with the trade union movement. Diplomatic Relations With a Quisling EXTENSION OF REMARES OF HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 15, 1963 . Mr. DERWINSEI. Mr. Speaker, one of the proofs of retreat of the appease- ment-minded dreamers of the New Frontier is their handling of the Soviet- imposed Eastern European Red govern- ments. The St. Louis Globe-Democrat, in an editorial on Monday, August 12, very concisely discusses our relations with Hungary, and under unanimous consent, T insert it into the Recorp at this point: Drrromatic RELATIONS WITH A QUISLING As was widely predicted, the United States is seeking to resume full diplomatic relations with the Hungarian regime. Readers will recall that diplomatic ties were curtailed during the 1956 revolution against Soviet control, The loss of that revolution yoked the Hun- garlans with a quisling regime run by the traitor, Janos Kadar, the liaison man with the Soviet tank commanders who decimated his people. Doubtless, the new American move will be hailed by those who seek to avoid irritants in our relations with the Soviets. But what in the name of diplomacy do we have to gain by sending an American minister to CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — APPENDIX exchange views with the special toady of Mr. Khrushchev in Budapest? Can anyone Reoeny believe that 7 years EDICoaE ND the regime after the Bu ensconced at the } nt t of victorious aman bayonets is now plegiivants: representative of the Hungarian people? If this American palliative to the touchy soviet sensibilties over thelr yret return to the cold war. EXTENSION OF REMARKS | ES H. WILSON OF ‘CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 15, 1963 Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr. Speaker, one of the companies actively engaged in the conquest of space is the Garrett Corp. of Los Angeles. This company employs more than 10,000 skilled personnel and produced the im- portant environmental control system (ECS) for Project Mercury. In the Spring issue of New Frontiers, a Garrett publication, an article dealing with the aspects of both the Project Mercury program and the Project Gem- ini program has caught my interest. I know many Members of the House are constantly searching for more informa- tion on the race to the Moon, and I there- fore bring this article to the attention of my colleagues. The article is as follows; THE LEGACY oF Progecr Mercury (By John W. Bold) He was the last to go. Shepard, Grissom, Glenn, Carpenter, and Schirra already had experienced the tense countdown, the surge of rocketing into space, the exhiliration of weightlessness and the security of recovery. But Gordon Cooper's 22-orbit filght was the longest and most precise. His was, for 29 hours, a textbook flight. But in the last few hours the NASA-McDon- nell team used “all the pages in the book.” In the last few minutes, an electrical problem forced the youngest astonaut to carefully position his spacecraft, fire the retro rockets and guide his Faith 7 spacecraft down through the atmosphere—all by hand. He completed his long 34-hour, 600,000-mile flight without the aid of automatic equip- ment. It was a suspenseful epilogue to the 4 year saga of Project Mercury, Shepard's: flight was the daring first. Grissom confirmed data and prepared us for an orbital mission. Carpenter's took a breathless “month” of minutes before recovery was accomplished in the Atlantic. Astronaut Glenn's was a “real fireball." Schirra flew the first ‘“‘text- book” flight, All six, each in his way, con- tributed new data, mew drama, to the stéry of manned space flight, told in an unprece- dented frankness by NASA's Manned Space- craft Center. But now is the time for retrospection. The highly successful Project Mercury program has ended. During this 5-year program, what have we learned? What new theories have evolved from this Nation’s first manned space program? What new engineering concepts wil help us In future spacecraft development work? In particular, what have we learned A5241 from Project Mercury that will aid us In Project Gemini? An insight into the answers to these ques- tions can be gained at Garrett-AiResearch, which produced the vital environmental con- trol system (ECS) for Project Mercury, under contract to McDonnell Aircraft Co. It is now developing a similar system for Project Gemini, again under a McDonnell contract. Both programs are under the tech- nical direction of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center. Naturally, the experience of both com- panies gained in Project Mercury transcends L Gemini program. “Experience is the best schoolmaster, and it has taught us a great deal,” reflects R. C. “Dick Ne Al- Research’s program manager for the Project. Gemini environmental control system. “At an early meeting at McDonnell,” he recalls, “we were able to sit down and quickly deter- mine and analyze problem areas. Im- mediately we foresaw changes in the ECS which would be necessary because of changes in the mission profile and what we learned from Mercury. “From our point of view,” Nelson believes, “there's one important thing we've learned from Mercury. That's about the man. He has shown that a well trained ‘test pilot,’ who can think and act is more desirable than the most sophisticated, automatic equipment yet designed.” “AS a result,” Nelson continues, “the Gemini environmental control system will have less automatic control more manual operation. By reducing the complexity of the system we will increase reliability, Since the Gemini astronauts will have ‘time on their hands' to think and act during their 2 week mission, less automation is re- quired.” ; (Following Gordon Cooper's flight, Walter C. Williams, associate director for NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, told the press that if a man were not aboard the Faith 7 he doubted if it could have reentered and been recovered.) In Project Gemini, man's requirements will be basically the same. Thus the func- tion of the ECS remains unchanged—to pro- vide two astronauts a safe and comfortable atmosphere for 2 weeks in space. The system will provide fresh oxygen, cabin and suit pressurization, thermal control, wa- ter management and toxlec gas removal. To accomplish these functions, the Gemini ECS can be grouped into the following functions: the loop, or circuit, for suit cooling and pres- surization; the cabin loop for cooling and pressurization; the fresh oxygen supply— primary secondary, and emergency egress; the water management loop; the coolant loop. The egress oxygen supply is part of the launch abort system, similar to aircraft type ejection seats. It will be used in Gemini in lieu of the escape tower system which was used in Project Mercury. The learning curve which “lifted off the pad" with Mercury has dictated some changes in the Gemini system as compared to Mer- cury. Nelson lists seven areas in ‘which Mercury experience has resulted in improvements: 1, Coolant subsystems and thermal regula- tion. . Pressure regulation. . Moisture removal. , Built compressors, . System geometry and installation. . Testing, . Rellability- In addition, the longer mission profile haa resulted in new concepts in the following areas: . Oxygen supplies. . Heat transfer equipment. . Power supplies. i . System servicing, ‘ , Water management. A5242 For oxygen storage, a different source re- places the high pressure system (7,500 pounds per square inch) used in Mercury. The new source, a supercritical system, will serve as the primary source of oxygen. A high pressure source (5,000 pounds per square inch) will be secondary. Supercritical stor- age defles definition in layman's terms. How- ever, itis oxygen compactely stored in a state between a gas and a liquid. In orbit the supercritical storage provides enough oxygen with ample reserve for two men, for 14 days, in the Gemini spacecraft—occupying a min- imum of space and weight. During reentry, the high pressure source, which also serves a backup for the supercritical system, will supply the necessary oxygen, pressurization and cooling. In Project Mercury, cooling was totally dependent on a cabin and suit heat ex- changer boiling water as the coolant. These water boilers were ideal for the weight and short mission of Mercury. In fact, in some instances, water will continue to be used for cooling in Gemini. However, the cooling burden in Project Gemini will fall on six heat exchangers using a recycling oll-type coolant instead of water. Heat absorbed by the coolant will be radiated into space instead of boiled off as steam as in Mercury. The constant manual control of the heat exchangers will also be eliminated, This operation, similar to adjusting a home air conditioning system, will be replaced by an automatic system with manual. override. This will eliminate excessive temperatures incurred before the boiling process stabilized temperatures in the spacecraft—usually be- fore the end of the first orbit. Expulsion of the coolant in Mercury was accomplished in a pressurized tank with a bladder forcing the water out. The Gemini system will comprise a closed loop unit in- cluding four parallel pumps—two in a loop— for more effective coolant circulation. During each launch the Mercury lithium hydroxide canister required special atten- ‘tion, Engineers kept an accurate count on the time each cannister was used and tested. This way, launch personnel were assured sufficient lithium hydroxide was available for carbon dioxide removal for the entire length of the mission. In Gemini, lithium hydroxide will be used again; however, the amount installed in the re-entry module will be more than adequate. . The water separator, which was a pneu- Matically operated sponge type, will be re- Placed by a static type separator with no moving parts. This development is an out- growth of Garrett's extensive aircraft air conditioning and pressurization experience. It eliminates the possibility of high moisture content (humidity) in the spacecraft, and with no moving parts, is more reliable. Suit and- cabin compressors will have greater capacity (23 and 88 cubic feet per minute respectively) but will require little additional power. Conservation of electrical power has been a design objective through- out the Gemini program. But it is not an easy goal. In Mercury, AlResearch delivered 49 differ- ent ECS components to McDonnell where they were assembled. The Gemini system contains 114. However, as Dick Nelson puts it, “we are marrying many of the components here at AlResearch,” so that 84 components will he integrated into 11 modules. This marriage, instigated by McDonnell, insures optimized design and better performance. The other 30 components will be delivered individually. The marriage of components into compat- ible modules enables the subsystem to be quickly divorced from the spacecraft. Thus, during the countdown if a malfunction oc- curs In a module it can be quickly removed and replaced. In fact the entire Gemini suit module ECS can be replaced in 40 minutes. By comparison, in Mereury it required 24 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — APPENDIX hours to remove the carbon dioxide absorp- tion canister alone. What is the status of the Gemini environ- mental control system? In May, the first major segment of the Gemini environmental control system was shipped to McDonnell, St. Louis for testing. Dick Nelson took per- sonal charge of the shipment. After tele- phoning several department heads to insure proper packaging and shipment, Nelson swung his 6-foot, 6-inch, 220-pound frame around and said, “I feel I'm sending my first child on a trip.” Without a doubt, every AiResearcher who had nursed the pro- duction of teh equipment along felt the same way. Today, comprehensive manned tests are being conducted to prove the operational compatibility of the environmental control system to the man. These tests are being conducted in AiResearch, Los Angeles and soon reliability and qualification tests will begin in AiResearch’s new lab in Torrance. This new multimillion-dollar facility is re- plete with clean rooms and high altitude chambers (capable of simulating 240,000 feet altitude). New data acquisition equipment electronically records more than 300 meas- urements on each test. This equipment enables detail-conscious engineers to ana- lyze test data in hours when previously it required days, often weeks. The meticulous task of designing, fabri- cating and testing the Gemini environmental control system is a carryover from Project Mercury. Much of the technology gained in Project Mercury ECS is directly applicable to Gemini. As an example, Nelson cites the Gemini testing program: “We are not trying to devise new testing procedures,” he said. “Experience enables us to retain the valid concepts used in Mercury and add improve- ments.” “The experience we gained in Mercury has given us confidence in our Gemini work and in systems for the future," says Nelson. And what of the future? Our national goal is to land a man on the moon. Just as ex- perience gained from Project Mercury is ap- plied to Gemini, so will Project Gemini data be applicable to Project Apollo. The Apollo Spacecraft, with an AiResearch environ- mental control system aboard, will carry three men to the moon. Cost of the Nation's space program rests heavy on the Federal budget. Today, cost conscious engineers are optimizing their de- sign and using their creative ingenuity to minimize development ‘costs. Certainly, the carryover experience from Mercury to Gemi- ni will result in vast savings. Willard E. Wilks, in his new book ‘The New Wilderness—What We Enow About Space" notes that it will require an average of $7 billion a year to accomplish our na- tional space goal. “Tt is less than the $7.5 billion Americans spend annually on cigars and cigarettes,” he wrote. At first glance the cost of the Nation's space program seems as high as the apogee of Gemini itself. However, erudite plan- ning on the part of the National Aeronau- tics and Space Administration has kept costs nominal. Already, nine new astronauts are selected and are gaining from experiences of the ori- ginal seven. (At a recent Cape Canaveral press conference, astronaut “Deke” Slayton, who is coordinator of Astronaut Activity, quipped to-newsmen that they preferred to be called the “original” rather than “old” astronauts.) Of the original astronauts Wai- ly Schirra was assigned the environmental control system as his special assignment. in the new group, John Young, a Navy pilot, will concentrate on the ECS. But it took one of the “original” sages to place the manned space program in proper perspective. Astronaut John Glenn said, “But the greatest of all benefits from manned space flight will undoubtedly come from August 15 some now-unforeseen discoveries occasioned by man's ability to assess the new things he encounters in the unknown.” For the present little is wnforeseen or un- Known. The Nation's space program stands strong, bolstered by legs of experience. Civil Rights by Bishop Andrew Grutka EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. RAY J. MADDEN OF INDIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 15, 1963 Mr. MADDEN, Mr. Speaker, the fol- lowing are excerpts from a pastoral letter by Bishop Andrew G. Grutka of the Gary, Ind., Catholic diocese. A Bishop Grutka’s diocese contains the great Calumet industrial region of Indi- ana. It is made up of many national- ities, races, and religions. This great cosmopolitan region for over @ quarter of a century has been ac- tively making a sincere effort to practice civil rights. Our area is probably more free from racial agitation than any area in the Nation. : Religious leaders like Bishop Grutka, business leaders, public officials, and all segments of business have been making a sincere effort to practice civil rights. The following is a news item on Bishop Grutka’s message and also an editorial from the Gary (Ind.) Post Trib- une commenting on the message: GrurTka AssaILs RAcE PREJUDICE IN PASTORAL LETTER A pastoral letter issued today by Bishop Andrew G. Grutka of the Gary Catholic dio- cese brands racial prejudice and injustice as heinous crimes against God and man. Divided into three parts, the letter follows the theme of racial Justice and charity, It explains Christian teaching, areas of concern, and the roles of the church and the individ- ual in eliminating racial discrimination, prej- udice, and segregation. The bishop wrote that the letter wasn’t fulfillment of an official duty. ‘It is rather the expression of a deep and painfully felt concern for many sorely tried and shamefully treated members of our community, Negroes in particular.” He cited the fact that Negroes are pooling resources and energies and enduring hard- ships to get free exercise of human rights and dignities. He urged “right-thinking persons and practicing Christians” to lend Negroes a hand in this effort. Admitting the message offers no simple or easy solution for the elimination of prej- udice, discrimination, or segregation, the bishop said it hopes for a change in attitude and that Christians will follow the meaning of John 13:34: “A new commandment I give you that you love one another,” Grutka explains the unity of the human race by references to the teachings of the story of creation in the Bible, to statements by Pope Pius XXII, Fope John XIII and to action of the bishops of the United States in 1958. The equality of all men, the human dignity of all men and the honor of all men are cited In his explanation, He explains how forelgn immigrants, once rejected, have been assimilated into our so- ciety and are not easily recognized as dis- tinct ethnic groups. Then, he writes, “The Negro is faced with similar challenges in housing, employment,  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 45 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/95235b891069c56f4dc63d77984a3918.pdf 55640adc4c02589d85b49457adcc4d0a Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. I . 14026 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE cally h elpful effect on numerous menThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without' tally ill people. obj ection, it is so ordered. I personally had reservations concernMr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask ing the application of this program on unanimous consent that the n ame of the Indian reservations. But on the same Senator from Vermont [Mr. PROUTY] trip we went into the largest Sioux In- may be added as a cosponsor of S . 1801, dian Reservation, and there we learned to effectuate the provisions of the sixth again how even a few "seedmen" volun- amendment of the U.S . Constitution reteers can, with their good will, inspira- quiting that defendants in criminal cases tion, and enthusiasm, perform-practical be-given' the right to a speedy trial; and measures to help in the almost unbe- S. 1802, to protect the integrity of the lievable poverty, in all departments, on comt and jury functions in criminal Indian reservations. cases, which I introduced on June 26. Our committee, which has dealt with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without migratory labor problems, has seen over obj ection, it is so ordered. the years how a few volunteers in migraMr. MORSE. Mr. President, although tory labor camps can do so much to b1ing all these bills have been printed, the a bit of needed education to the youngs- n ames of ·the additional · cosponsors will ters--and perhaps even to the adt,llts. be included at the next printing. They· can provide nursery day care for Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the the very young, and assist in state health Senator yield? and sanitation projects also. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I yield. I hope all Senators will have an opMr. JAVITS. The Senator from Oreportunity to look over the hearing rec- gon has joined me in his bill to prevent ord and note the unanimity of views Federal funds from being utilized for across the country of people with know!- State programs which are segregated. I edge in the field of social problems. would like to say a word on the subject, More than 50 organizations have •enthu- because it is becoming quite a raging lssiastically endorsed the bill. They are sue. I have joined the Senator from all listed in the hearings record and Oregon on his ·bill, just as I joined my on pages 12 to 14 of the committee report. colleague [Mr. KEATING] on his amendIt is significant that those who are most ment to the omnibus civil rights bill knowledgeable in social work have been along these lines, because I feel very most articulate and strong in their en- deeply that the only hope for civil rights dorsement. legislation is in bipartisanship; and I Among the groups, church people are want to do everything I humanly can to prominent. They are hopeful that the demonstrate by act and deed my deep legislation will be passed, and that we feeling on that score. shall be able to spark, through volunNeither side alone has the votes to pass teers, an even greater community re- civil rights legislation. In my opinion, it sponse to severe human needs and prob- is a fact that, in every way open to us, !ems_ we shall need to keep this bipartisan Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the coalition together so that we may ultiSenator yield fmther? mately get somewhere. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. I hope very much-and I know how PROXMIRE in the chair). Does the Sen- the Senator from Oregon feels about this, ator yield? but I am putting it in words-that all Mr. WILLIAMS of New J ersey. I an_i Members on both sides of the aisle will happy to yield. keep very clearly in mind that this is a Mr. JAVITS . I join the Senator in burning issue on the domestic scene-as the sentiments he has expressed. if the burning an issue as is nuclear testing on bill is enacted into law I hope the Presi- the international scene. The only way dent, in considering the appointment of we .are going to get .anyWhere is by keepa Director for the National service ing the goal very clear . Call it nonparCorps, will keep in mind the very excel- · !'tisan or bipartisan , the fact is that lent example of comple. tely nonpartisan neither side alone h as the votes, and we leadership-as high minded as that of must be together on the issue. those who serve-which has. been so Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the heavily responsible, in my opinion, for Senator from New Jersey yield to me a moment? the success of the Peace Corps. I thank my colleague. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I yield. "-Mr. MORSE. In connection with what CIVIl, RIGHTS-ADDITIONAL - \ ~he Senator from New _York 1:as 58:id, _lt 1s an honor to be associated with hun m COSPONSORS OF BILLS his advocacy of civ11 rights legislation. I Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the know of no peer of the Senator from New enator yield? York in the civil rights legislation field. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I am But I would have my colleagues take note appy to yield. of the fact that what my bill seeks to acMr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask complish is to prevent the Federal Govanimous consent that the name of the ernmeiit from violating the law. If one Senator from New York [Mr. JAVITSl of us were to ask a Senator to join him may be added as a cosponsor of S . 1665, in an illegal act, the Senator who was to require that all State or local pro- asked would look askance and be horror grams supported with Federal funds 1 strlcken. But Members of this body, shall be administered and executed with- every time they vote for Federal funds out regard to the race or color of the for projects involving segregation, in my participants and beneficiaries, which I opinion, a.re guilty of perpetrating an iiintroduced on June 4. legal act, for 9 years ago the Supreme I August 13 Court declared segregation to be unconstitutional, and therefore illegal. Yet we sit here in the Senate, on bill after bill, and vote millions of dollars of Federal taxpayers to continue an illegality. It is about time that we put Members of the Senate on the spot, and the senior Senator from Oregon intends to ..do it. He intends to go from coast to coast to call the roll of Members of the Senate who continue to vote to expend illegally Federa! taxpayers' money and who continue an unconstitutional act on the part of the Congress. Members will not be asked to vote on this issue program by program, but on the whole broad issue of funds going into segregated programs and a ctivities. This issue is becoming one on which we can no longer do any dillydallying. The issue is whether or not the Congress will keep faith with its right hand when its Members take the oath in this body to uphold the law. We cannot justify the appropriation of moneys for the continuation of Federal projects in which there is segregation. Let the people speak in respect to· the rollcall that will be made in the Morse bill and similar proposals that seek to bring to an end the illegality that now exists in this country and that has characte1ized the treatment of civil rights in Federal programs. As the Senator from New York has heard me say before, the time has come for the white people of Ame1ica to deliver the Constitution of the United States to the colored people of America ; and I do not intend any longer to sit h ere and permit politicians to get by with what they have been getting by for years in the Senate and covering it with the alibi, when they get back home, "It is the best we could do." I will tell Senators what the best we can do is. It is to act in accordance with the law; and the Supreme Court has made perfectl_y clear that segregation is unconstitutional. I · intend to do what I can to take that record across this Republic in the months ahead, before the election of 1964. I do not care whether a Senator is a Republican or a Democrat--he ought to be beaten for reelection in 1964-others will be up for reelection in 1966 and others in 1968-if he does not uphold the law as laid down by the Supreme Court. Mr, JAVITS. Mr. President, if the Senator will yield, I have done precisely t h at, as recen,tly as last Wednesday in connection with the Labor-HEW appropriations bill. The reason I made the comment about bipartisanship is that I had the feeling that Members of Congress, when they vote, have an idea that party loyalty requires them to stand by the administration-it might have happened just as well on our side of the aisle if .our party were in the majority-and that they have to stand by and vote to table this kind of amendment. I think the Senator from Oregon has, with his eloquence and warmth, highlighted what I have tried to do, but which I am delighted to join him in highlighting-the fact that, of all the things done in the racial field, with all the fuel added to the fire, this is the worst. It is incon- l �1963 CON GRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE l nr workers or duplicate or repla-0e an existin g service in the same locality. The Service Corps will be a means wh ereby the local community can draw on th e knowledge and skills of the entire Nation . But the progr agm is designed so that these trained volunteers will work with a community, in a program developed by th e community it self . A great deal of careful st udy h as gone int o this pr ogram . More than 50 ideas for projects were submitt ed to th e Presiden t 's St udy Gr oup on a National Ser vice Corps by various State and local, p ublic and private . organ izations throughout th e Nation. Twelve of these suggested project s are outlined i.n detail in the h earing recor d. A glance at these projects will show the very practical work t hat corpsmen would be doing. On an Indian reservation, they could act as instructors for self-help housing programs, run nursery schools and clinics; in a h ospit al for the mentally retarded they would h elp regular personnel as teachers aids and recreational aids ; working with migrants, they would give basic education to adults and vocational guidance to the youngsters. I t is important to remember that these projects are n ot the brain children of a bureaucratic planner. They were worked out by men and women of wide experience wh o know the help that trained volunteers can be to them in -t ackling the problems of a community. Mr. President, th ere are many Americans, young and old, wh o are anxious and a ble to h elp our less fortunate citizens. The Corps will draw n ot only upon enthusiasm of our young people, but upon the wisdom and experience of ret ired persons. There ar e a vast number of people both young and old r eady to h elp if given a way. Obviously, 5,000 men and women can n ot solve all the age-old problems of h uman suffering. But their example will h ave an effect far beyon d their number. If every corpsman inspires 10 oth ers to work in th eir own hometowns , or to join the helping professions, the cost of this progr am will have r epaid itself 10 times over . I know that the dedicated work of th e Service Corps volunteers will show that our material success b as not blinded us to the sufferings of oth ers. T his program will be a true expression of the ideals which h ave m ade this Nation great. The proposed legislation has been con sidered as carefully as any measure with which I have been associated. I am sure that Senators are familiar with its genesis and the steps that have been taken in developing the program to the point where it ls now under general debate in the Senate. In first addressing himself to this noble project, the President called upon members of his Cabinet to develop policy for it. The Cabinet members so selected chose from their departments persons of great talent to undertake the staff work that is necessary to insure that the noble idea would not be emotionalized, but would become hard, tough. and practical in its development. That study group, while small in number, w~ uniquely dedicated to this cause. Once created, the st udy group has developed ideas which were embodied in the legislation t hat came t o the Senate. The m easure was r eferred to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, and assigned to the Subcommittee on Migratory Labor for fwt h er legislative action. Mr. J AVITS. Mr. Pr esiden t, will th e Sen ator yield? • • Mr. WILLIAMS of New J ersey. · I yield. Mr. J AVITS. I am a cosponsor of this par ticular m easure. I believe it r epresen ts an effort to translate th e idealism which has been so pr ominent in the Peace Corps and which h as worked so well abroad to the domestic service of t h e United States. I am satisfied, too, th at the scheme which is proposed t o the Congress parallels, as far as is practical, t he successful patt ern evolved in respect of the Peace Corps, which I believe is one of the more successful initia tives of the United States in the employment, in its foreign aid and foreign development efforts, of the idealism, skill, and interest of young Americans. There is an ample n umber of pr ojects which can profit gr eatly from th e dedication which the National Service Corps will inspire. I feel, too, that it will be a very important channel through which volunteer services of young and old alike may go into areas--many of which have been described-of want, need, illness, and underprivilege, which are enclaves .of backwa.rdness in terms of econ omic advance, such as the areas of migratory farm workers. There the volunteers can be of great benefit. I am very much for the bill. I am a cosponsor, as I said. I have only two r eservations, Mr. President. I hink perh aps, · if we n eeded a description of wh at is being done, the words "practical idealism" would describe it. I hope very m uch that the practical idealism which is r epresen t ed in the National Service Corps will not be marred by asking the dedicated people wh o will be involved to serve in establishm ents or institutions which follow a. practice of racial segr egation. This is som ething about which I ex pressed my deep concern In the committee. It is something which is the subject of an amendment I h ave h ad printed, which is on th e desk. I realize that t he argument can be made that those who are afflicted should receive help, and that this should be the case even if they are afflicted in a segregated institution. But I think t h e temper of the times is such that we are engaged in a struggle in which t h ere must be some casualties, and those who are the subjects of segregation are the readiest to accept the "casualty" of being unable to obtain the ministrations of the National Service Corps when there is a pattern of racial segreg-ation. I hope very much that some way may be found of working out what it seems to me would be so opposite to the patriotic dedication which 1s represented by the Corps. The other subject to which I hope my colleagues in the Senate will give a little 14025 thought is the possibility that we ar e dealing domestically- not abroad, as we did with the Peace Corps- with an an alogy t o the National Guard and th e R OTC. We could allow States to under~ take some of the responsibility for training corpsmen and using them within the respective States. I h ave prepared an amendment upon that score. ·· I h ope t o hear the discussion in respect to the bill, to determine wh eth er there is a sufficient amount of interest in the Senate, since th e amendment was turned down in the committee, to justify my offering the amendment. I think the plan is a very sound one, t o allow States to participate in t he process of selection and training, and to allow them to r et ain the trainees within the S tates, a t the same time m aintaining the. cachet of this elite corp, the Nation al Service Corps, exactly as we do with r espect t o National Guard officers and .men as they relate to the military forces of the Nation. The advantage would be that we would stimulf\te a great increase in the number of people who could be trained, the speed of th eir training, and the speed of their u tilization, and we could invoke State as well as national pride in respect t o the trainees. So, with those two reservations, Mr. . P residen t, which I h ave describedwhich are n ot. in my opinion, reservat ions in any way to chan ge the quality and character of th e plan-having proved the validity of the idea in terms of inspiration to youth and in terms of its usefulness to th ose it serves through the P eace Corps, I believe we have arrived at the point where the National Service Corps is the next logical step in terms of undertaking to give our youth an oppor tunity to show their dedication and their idealism . I am grateful to my colleague for yielding. I am confident t hat by the time the vote occurs on the bill we shall have completely closed r anks in full support of it. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. President, I am gr at eful. indeed, for those commen ts by the senior Senator from New York. I am grateful also for his s tr ong support of the proposed legislation, his sponsorship of it, and the contributions h e made in the committee deliberations. ' As the Senator knows, after the bill was drafted 24 Members of the Sen ate joined in cosponsorship of the proposed legislation. The subcommittee which 1·eceived the bill h eld 9 days of hearings. The record is m ost complete. Not only did the subcommittee hold formal hearings in the Capitol, but also members of the subcommittee, togeth er with members of a committee from the House of Representatives, went on a field trip, to see for themselves how the program could be useful in certain areas. I am sure that Members of Congress who went on the trip will never forget the experiences we had at Osawatomie State Mental Hospital in the State of Kansas and how, beyond question, it was proved to us that even one volunteer can have a dramati- I � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document 14026 cally helpful effect on numerous men- tally ill people. I personally had reservations concern- ing the application of this program on Indian reservations, But on the same trip we went into the largest Sioux In- dian Reservation, and there we learned again how even a few ‘seedmen” volun- teers can, with their good will, inspira- tion, and enthusiasm, perform practical Measures to help in the almost unbe- lievable poverty, in all departments, on Indian reservations. Our committee, which has dealt with migratory labor problems, has seen over the years how a few volunteers in migra- tory labor camps can do so much to bring a bit of needed education to the youngs- ters—and perhaps even to the adults. They can provide nursery day care for the very young, and assist in state health and sanitation projects also. I hope all Senators will have an op- portunity to look over the hearing rec- ord and note the unanimity of views across the country of people with knowl- edge in the field of social problems. More than 50 organizations have ‘enthu- siastically endorsed the bill. They are all listed in the hearings record and on pages 12 to 14 of the committee report. It is significant that those who are most knowledgeable in social work have been most artieulate and strong in their en- dorsement. Among the groups, church people are prominent. ‘They are hopeful that the legislation will be passed, and that we shall be able to spark, through volun- teers, an even greater community re- sponse to severe human needs and prob- lems. & Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield further? The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Proxmire in the chair). Does the Sen- ator yield? Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I am happy to yield. Mr. JAVITS. TI join the Senator in the sentiments he has expressed. If the bill is enacted into law, I hope the Presi- dent, in considering the appointment of a Director for the National Service Corps, will keep in mind the very excel- Jent example of completely nonpartisan leadership—as high minded as that of those who serve—which has been so heavily responsible, in my opinion, for the success of the Peace Corps. I thank my colleague. CIVIL RIGHTS—ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS OF BILLS Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the ie yield? Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Iam appy to yield. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask lanimous consent that the name of the Senator from New York [Mr. Javits] may be added as a cosponsor of S. 1665, to require that all State or local pro- grams supported with Federal funds shall be administered and executed with- out regard to the race or color of the introduced on June 4.. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the name of the Senator from Vermont [Mr. Proury] may be added as a cosponsor of S. 1801, to effectuate the provisions of the sixth amendment of the U.S. Constitution re- quiring that defendants in criminal cases be given the right to a sneedy trial; and S. 1802, to protect the integrity of the court and jury functions in criminal cases, which I introduced on June 26. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, although all these bills have been printed, the names of the additional cosponsors will be included at the next printing. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I yield. Mr. JAVITS. The Senator from Ore- gon has joined me in his bill to prevent Federal funds from being utilized for State programs which are segregated. I would like to say a word on the subject, because it is becoming quite a raging is- sue. I have joined the Senator from Oregon on his bill, just as I joined my colleague [Mr. Kratrnc] on his amend- ment to the omnibus civil rights bill along these lines, because I feel very deeply that the only hope for civil rights legislation is in bipartisanship; and I want to do everything I humanly can to demonstrate by act and deed my deep feeling on that score. Neither side alone has the votes to pass civil rights legislation. In my opinion, it is a fact that, in every way open to us, we shall need to keep this bipartisan coalition together so that we may ulti- mately get somewhere. I hope very much—and I Know how the Senator from Oregon feels about this, but I am putting it in words—that all Members on both sides of the aisle will keep very clearly in mind that this is a burning issue on the domestic scene—as burning an issue as is nuclear testing on the international scene. The only way we are going to get. anywhere is by keep- ing the goal very clear. Call it nonpar- tisan or bipartisan, the fact is that neither side alone has the votes, and we must be together on the issue. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the Senator from New Jersey yield to me a moment? ; Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I yield. Mr. MORSE. Inconnection with what the Senator from New York has said, it is an honor to be associated with him in his advocacy of civil rights legislation. I know of no peer of the Senator from New York in the civil rights legislation field. But I would have my colleagues take note of the fact that what my bill seeks to ac- complish is to prevent the Federal Gov- ernment from violating the law, If one of us were to ask a Senator to join him in an illegal act, the Senator who was asked would look askance and be horror stricken. every time they vote for Federal funds for projects involving segregation, in my articipants and beneficiaries, which I [opinion, are guilty of perpetrating an il- legal act, for 9 years ago the Supreme But Members of this body, August 13 : é Court declared segregation to be uncon-, si stitutional, and therefore illegal. Yet we 3 sit here in the Senate, on bill after bill, and vote millions of dollars of Federal taxpayers to continue an illegality. It is about time that we put Members of the — Senate on the spot, and the senior Sen- ator from Oregon intends to do it. He intends to go from coast to coast to call the roll of Members of the Senate who continue to yote to expend illegally Fed- > eral taxpayers’ money and who continue } an unconstitutional act on the part of the Congress. Members will not be asked to vote on this issue program by program, but on 5 the whole broad issue of funds going into , — segregated programs and activities. — . This issue is becoming one on which we can no longer do any dillydallying. The issue is whether or not the Congress - will keep faith with its right hand when its Members take the oath in this body to uphold the law. We cannot justify the appropriation of moneys forthecon- ¢ tinuation of Federal projects in which there is segregation. Let the people speak in respect to the rolleall that will j be made in the Morse bill and similar é proposals that seek to bring to an nd ui the illegality that now existsinthiscoun- ~ try and that has characterized the treat- ’ ment of civil rights in Federal programs. _ As the Senator from New York has) ‘ heard me say before, the time has ¢ come os do not intend any longer to sit nee and {- } permit politicians to get by with ae, ' they have been getting byforyearsinthe; | Senate and covering it with the alibi,, when they get back home, “It is the best we could do.” I will tell Senators what the best we can sy) M dois. It is to act in accordance with the law; and the Supreme Court has made perfectly clear that segregation is se constitutional. I ‘intend to do wi , can to take that record across this Re- public in the months ahead, before the election of 1964. I do not care whether a Senator is a Republican or a Demo- crat—he ought to be beaten for re- | — election in 1964—others will be up for \ _ reelection in 1966 and others in 196 he does not uphold the law as laid down : by the Supreme Court. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, if the a Senator will yield, I have done precise aA: that, as recently as last Wednesday in 5 connection with the Labor-HEW appro- : priations bill. The reason I made the — comment about bipartisanship is. that I. had the feeling that Members of Con- gress, when they vote, have an idea that party loyalty requires them to stand Py the administration—it might have hap- pened just as well on our side of the aisle if our party were in the majority—and _ that they have to stand by and vote to. table this kind of amendment. pays I think the Senator from Or ane E with his eloquence and w: lighted what I have tried to ao but ni which I am delighted to join him in ‘hig — ine—the fact that, of all the things done __ in the racial field, with all the fuel ada to the fire, this is the worst, Tt is incon 1963 4 lar workers or duplicate or replace an exist- - ing service in the same locality. ‘ The Service Corps will be a means I whereby the local community can draw -__ on the Imowledge and skills of the entire _ Nation. But the progragm is designed _ so that these trained volunteers will work with a community, in a program ‘ developed by the community it self. A * great deal of careful study has gone into < this program. More than 50 ideas for projects were submitted to the Presi- dent’s Study Group on a National Serv- ! ice Corps by various State and local, 4 public and private organizations 4 throughout the Nation. Twelve of these suggested projects are outlined in detail \ in the hearing record. A glance at these projects will show the very practical work that corpsmen would be doing. On an Indian reservation, they could act as in- structors for self-help housing programs, tum nursery schools and clinics; in a _ hospital for the mentally retarded they would help regular personnel as teachers aids and recreational aids; working with migrants, they would give basic education to adults and vocational guid- ance to the youngsters. hy ‘It is important to remember that these _ projects are not the brain children of a bureaucratic planner. They were worked out by men and women of wide experi- ‘ence who know the help that trained volunteers can be to them in. tackling ' the problems of a community. _ Mr. President, there are many Ameri- € cans, young and old, who are anxious [and able to help our less fortunate citi- zens. The Corps will draw not only up- * on enthusiasm of our young people, but upon the wisdom and experience of re- tired persons. There are a vast number of people both young and old ready to help if given a way. Obviously, 5,000 men and women can- not solve all the age-old problems of human suffering. But their example will have an effect far beyond their num- _ ber. ‘If every corpsman inspires 10 _ others to work in their own hometowns, a or to join the helping proféssions, the ‘ bor aft this program will have repaid it- ‘know that the dedicated work of the _ Service Corps volunteers will show that our material success has not blinded us to the sufferings of others. This pro- eq gram will be a true expression of the ideals which have made this Nation great. ; ‘The proposed legislation has been con- es _ sidered | as carefully as any measure with yhich I have been associated. I am sure that Senators are familiar with its gene- _ sis and the steps that have been taken in developing the program to the point ; where it is now under general debate in re the Senate, In first addressing himself to this. noble project, the President called upon members of his Cabinet to develop A _ policy for it. The Cabinet members so selected chose from their departments v persons of great talent to undertake the ha staff work that is necessary to insure { aaah ihe noble idea would not be emotion- but would become hard, tough, _ and practical in its development. That . ar group, while small in number, was CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE uniquely dedicated to this cause. Once created, the study group has developed ideas which were embodied in the legis- lation that came to the Senate. The measure was referred to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, and as- signed to the Subcommittee on Migratory Labor for further legislative action. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? " Mr, WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I yield. Mr. JAVITS. I am a cosponsor of this particular measure. I believe it represents an effort to translate the idealism which has been so prominent in the Peace Corps and which has worked so well abroad to the domestic service of the United States. I am satisfied, too, that the scheme which is proposed to the Congress parallels, as far as is practical, the successful pattern evolved in respect of the Peace Corps, which I believe is one of the more successful initiatives of the United States in the employment, in its foreign aid and foreign development efforts, of the idealism, skill, and inter- est of young Americans. There is an ample number of projects which can profit greatly from the dedication which the National Service Corps will inspire. I feel, too, that it will be a very im- portant channel through which volun- teer services of young and old alike may go into areas—many of which have been described—of want, need, illness, and underprivilege, which are enclaves of backwardness in terms of economic ad- vance, such as the areas of migratory farm workers. There the volunteers can be of great benefit. I am very much for the bill. cosponsor, as I said. I have only two reservations, Mr. President. IE think perhaps, if we needed a de- scription of what is being done, the words “practical idealism’ would de- scribe it. I hope yery much that the practical idealism which is represented in the National Service Corps will not be marred by asking the dedicated people who will be involved to serve in establish- ments or institutions which follow a practice of racial segregation. This is something about which I ex- pressed my deep concern in the commit- tee. It is something which is the subject of an amendment I have had printed, which is on the desk. I realize that the argument can be made that those who are afllicted should receive help, and that this should be the case even if they are afflicted in a segre- gated institution. But I think the temper of the times is such that we are engaged in a struggle in which there must be some casualties, and those who are the subjects of segregation are the readiest to accept the “casualty” of being unable to obtain the ministrations of the National Service Corps when there is a pattern of racial segregation. I hope very much that some way may be found of working out what it seems to me would be so opposite to the patri- otic dedication which is represented by The other subject to which I hope my colleagues in the Senate will give a little Iam a 14025 thought is the possibility that we are dealing domestically—not abroad, as we did with the Peace Corps—with an analogy to the National Guard and the ROTC. We could allow States to under- take some of the responsibility for train- ing corpsmen and using them within the respective States. I have prepared an amendment upon that score. I hope to hear the discussion in respect to the bill, to determine whether there is a sufficient amount of interest in the Sen- ate, since the amendment was turned down in the committee, to justify my offering the amendment. I think the plan is a very sound one, to allow States to participate in the process of selection and training, and to allow them to re- tain the trainees within the States, at the same time maintaining the cachet of this elite corp, the National Service Corps, exactly as we do with respect to National Guard officers and men as they relate to the military forces of the Na- tion. The advantage would be that we would stimulate a great increase in the num- ber of people who could be trained, the speed of their training, and the speed of their utilization, and we could invoke State as well as national pride in re- spect to the trainees. So, with those two reservations, Mr. President, which I have described— which are not, in my opinion, reserva- tions in any way to change the quality and character of the plan—having proved the validity of the idea in terms of inspiration to youth and in terms of its usefulness to those it serves through the Peace Corps, I believe we have ar- rived at the point where the National Service Corps is the next logical step in terms of undertaking to give our youth an opportunity to show their dedication and their idealism. I am grateful to my colleague for yielding. I am confident that by the time the vote occurs on the bill we shall have completely closed ranks in full sup- port of it. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. President, I am grateful, indeed, for those comments by the senior Senator from New York. I am grateful also for his strong support of the proposed leg- islation, his sponsorship of it, and the contributions he made in the committee deliberations. As the Senator knows, after the bill was drafted 24 Members of the Senate joined in cosponsorship of the proposed legislation. eh The subcommittee which received the bill held 9 days of hearings. The record is most complete. Not only did the sub- committee hold formal hearings in the Capitol, but also members of the sub- committee, together with members of a committee from the House of Represent- atives, went on a field trip, to see for themselves how the program could be useful in certain areas. Iam sure that Members of Congress who went on the trip will never forget the experiences we had at Osawatomie State Mental Hos-. pital in the State of Kansas and how, beyond question, it was proved to us that even one volunteer can have a dramati-  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 44 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/92247a5d665e0f3ab58d8ccb80965a3d.pdf bc9f24f900938a0ccc588f6ff5cacccb Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. GRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX his efforts t.o strengthen and stabilize · t he government. The basic objectives of Indonesia's domest ic policy are to mold the Indonesian people into a great nation, to develop the country's resources, and to improve the living conditions by giving the Indonesian people a greater share· in t he benefits of an expanding economy. h Indonesia's potential for economic developmen t is great. There are large areas of land that have not yet been developed agriculturally, and the islands a re rich in untapped mineral r esources such as petroleum, tin, and bauxite. An 8-year plan for economic growth was launched in J anuary 1961 as a blueprint for Indonesian development. · The Unit ed States has had an interest in Indonesia from the very outset. The United States played an important role 1n helping Indonesia negotiate its freedom from Dutch rule, and it has continued to encourage the development of n a stable and democratic country. The a American foreign aid program h as f helped t.o strengthen .t he Indonesian e economy and to improve the living conditions of its people. The two countries f have established a long record of coopera tion and friendship. On the occasion of the 18th anniversary of Indonesian independence, the United States takes t he opportunity to express its desire to maintain close and cordial r elations with Indonesia on a basis of mutual respect. r. Civil Rights Resolutions EXTENSION OF REMARKS OP HON. ROBERT DOLE OP KANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF R EPRESENTATIVES Thur sday, August 15, 1963 Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, I am certain the "Resolutions Adopted by the House of Bishops, P r otestant Episcopal Church , T oronto, Ontario, August 12, 1963," will e be of interest t.o Members. These imti portant r esolutions were brought to my attention by the Rev. William E. Craig, direct.or, St. Francis Boys' Home, Salina a nd Ellswor th, Kans., who is sincerely concerned with the rights and needs of a all minority groups. ' t ~ , t .Resolved, That t he House of Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church urges the Congress of t h e United States t o pass such civil rights legislation as sh all fairly and effectively implem ent both the established rlght.s and the n eeds of all minority groups in ed1,1cation, voting r ight.a. h ousin g, em ployment opportunities, and access to places of public accommodation. .Resolved, That the Hou se of Bishops of the Protestant E piscopal Chu rch, mindful of the Church Assembly to be held in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963, in coop eration with the March on Washington for J obs and Freedom, (a) recognizes not only the right of free citizens t o peacefu l assemblage for the redress of grievan ces, but also t h at participation in such an assemblnge is a proper expression of Christian Witness and obedience; . (b) welcomes the responsible discipleship which imp els many of our bishops, clergy, and laity to take part in such ·! 9 I · d iy n A5219 an assem blage and supports them !Ully; (c ) prays that t hrough iiuch ~ aceful assemb lage citizens of all races may bring b efore t h e Government for appropria te and competent action the critica l and agonizing problems posed to our Na tion b y r acial d iscrimination 1n employment, in access to places of public accom modation , In politica l righ ts, in education, an d housing . .Resolved, That t h e House of Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church commends to all p eople t he Presiding Bishop's letter d ated Whitsunday 1963, as appr opr iate and h elpf ul 1n t h e present r acial crisis; a nd that we su pport the Presiding Bishop In t h is wise and timely expr ession of Christian lead ersh ip. Call to Political Duty EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. FRED SCHWENGEL O F IOWA I N THE HOUSE OF R EPRESENTATIVES Thur sday, Au gust 15, 1963 Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, in his keynote speech t.o the workshop meeting of the Republican Citizens Committee not long ago Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower called strongly upon "political amateurs" to participate in politics. This call is well worth remembering and pondering for the vast majority of cit izens who find it so much easier t.o sit back and do nothing and then complain because they are not governed as they would like t.o be. History plainly indicates that democracies remain strong only so long as their citizens remain actively interested in their governments. Therefore, I call the attention of every citizen t o former President Eisenhower 's r emarks in the article from the Saturday Evening Post of August 10, 1963, which follows below : / A C ALL T O POLITICAL DUTY After a n illustrious career in pu b lic service, no one would criticize Gen. Dwigh t D. Eisenhower if h e decided to take it easy in h is r etirem ent. But t h e former President seems to b e going stron ger than ever. Recen t ly he has shown a zest for close political com b a t unlike a nything that he sh owed during h is "active" career. Not Jong a go a grou p of distinguished Republicans from all sections of t he country gathered a t Hershey, P a., :for a worksh op meeting of the Repu blican Citizens Commit tee. General Eisenhower delivered the keynote speech. He let the New Frontier h ave It. Duty "requires t h at we call the roll, clear and loud on the opposit ion's record. he said , "the sorry record that stands n aked to beh old, when the cunningly manipula ted ven eer of imagery 1s peeled off . • • • For t he sake of its fu t ure , the American elect ora te • • • sh ould become fully aware of the polltical connivance t h at is a way of political life f or t hose who avidly seek power at any cost--and h aving won it, r each out for more and more." The m ain thrust of General Eisenhower's sp eech was a call for m assive p articipation by Republican-oriented citizens in the camp aign of 1964. "I h ope t his town m eeting is the forerunner of many, m any more across the cou ntry by different citizens' groups, all of wh ich make t h eir contribution toward the growth of R ep u blican ism ," he said . " Poli tical •amateurs,' " he added , " bring verse , sparkle and fresh ideas which p erk up a �CON GRESSIONAL RECORD - APPEND]j A 5220 political p arty the way a well-_a dvertlsed medicine d oes tired b lood. Many of today's fl.nest p ublic officials and party organization lead ers were yester day's 'political amateurs.' ~ The gen er al speaks from experience. "Dedicat ed nonprofessionals," he said, " were to a considerable extent responsible for my decision in 1952 to enter the political arena." We h eartily endor se Genera l Eisenhower's call for massive Republican citizen participation in the coming campaign. The socalled amateurs can give the party somet h ing that the tired. p arty pros seem unable to supply-a renewed energy and a h efty injection of Idealism. Perhaps the "a m a teurs" will even uncover a Republican can didate who will give J ack K ennedy a run for his money in 1964. Trotters Shoals EXTENSION OF REMARKS ma.nent Jobs. The plant will purchase $9 million worth of pulpwood a year which wm create another 1,850 jobs. The plant will pay $3.8 million a year 1n local, State and Federal taxes (not counting the taxes which the new workers will p ay.) 2 . Duke Power Co. will employ 1,000 workers in the con struction o! an electric steamplant a t t h e site which will create 135 p erma nent jobs. The fiteamplant (which wm genera te 24 times as much electricity as the Federal da m) will purchase $25 million worth of coal a year which win create more new jobs in the m ining ind\J-5try. The investorowned steamplant will pay $13 million a year in local, State, and Federa l taxes. As a matter of "heart," which would do more for the m ost people, t h e Federal Government or private enterprise ?- Mr. DORN'._ Mr. Speaker , th e textile industry is the leading industry in the Carolinas IJJld Georgia. This great industry, the very backbone of our econ omy, must never become dependen t upon the Federal Government for its power. Another Federal Government dam a t Trotter Shoals on the Savannah River would give the Federal Government a complete monopoly over that great river. If the Federal Governmen t controls power and water, it will control people and t heir employment. The following editorial. is from t he August 3, 1963 issue of South ern Textile News : PRIVATE VERSUS SOCIALIZED POWER With the textile Industry's vital interest in taxes and electrical power, clooe watch should be k ept on proposals for Uncle Sam t o construct the Trotter Shoals Dam on t he Savannah River in South Carolina r ather than for private enterprise. This is not of Interest just to South Carolin la.ns, but has far-sweeping interests to all taxpayers. The pseudoUberals, whatever par ty label they wear, like to call themselves "The party with a heart," or "The party of the people." This infers that conservatives a re heartless and unconcerned with people. But close exam1na~ton of the d octrine and programs of the· liberals often discloses that, either their heart is blind or they are more interested in power than people. This is illustrated In the Trotter Shoals project. As a matter of heart, the liberals argue that all of the natural resources of the Nation "belong to all the people." This is the argument they use to ju&tlfy Federal construction of hydroelectric dams, notwithstanding the fact that Federal electricity Is sold at cutrate prices to only a f avored few of the people. Speclfically, this is the argument behind Interior Secretary Udall's demand that Uncle Sam, rather than private enterprise, construct the $78.7 million Trotter Shoals Dam, a project which would remove 22,000 acres of land from State and locnl tax rolls. Would Federal construction of this dam help "all the people?" Here 1s what Is ln store for this area. (and other areas in time) if the Government does not build the dam: 1. The Mend Corp. will employ 1,400 workers in the construction of a $40 million plant at the site which will create 650 per- Fe non n at i Al ! or sion PreE dlfflc Geri U! aggr NA'l wou 'll'l.aD American People? EXTENSION OF REMARKS !nfd Is Pres.ident Kennedy Afraid '.fo Trust the OF OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 15, 1963 Gen the a Cc trie1 r eco L~ vidu arra sign Gen OF HON. W. J. BRYAN DORN mil! HON. BRUCE ALGER Nj K en Mosl Tl OF TEXAS proo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES W ednesday, August 14, 1963" WOU Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, why does Presiden t Kennedy refuse to trust the American people ? Why does be enter into secret negotiations with Khrushchev? What has he promised Khrushchev? Who is calling the shots, our President or th e Soviet dictator ? It is time the American people know Just wha t President Kennedy has in mind for t hem and wh at kind of country b e intends to'leave for our children. The r eports of secret agreements reached with Khrushchev should fill us with fearful foreboding. It seems to me Congr ess should dem and a full explan ation to the questions r aised in the following article from the Washington World of August 19, written by Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott. Even Averell Har riman , famous for his negotiations with the R ussians, says our goals and theirs ate absolutely irreconcilable. Therefore, any agreements acceptable to Khrushchev must be against the best interest of the United States. The ar ticle follows : KENNEDY AND KHRUSHCHEv MUCH CLOSER ON AGREEMENT THAN STATEMENTS INDICATE (By Robert S. Allen and Pau l Scott) President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev are much closer to a step-by-step agreement on a nonagresslon p act between the West and· the Soviet block than their public statements Indicate. In fact, they already have reached an u nderstanding in their exchange of letters on a plan for a piecemeal approach to cope with the opposition of West Germany and France. SCHEDULE OF this Rj posE men andi cont incl) ~on sign I SPtl ma1 leai edi1 by] AUi I sorn ato1 d en ficll triri TALKS Under this Kennedy-Khrushchev strategy, the following "escalator procedure" will be pursued In the "second round" of negotiations underway in Moscow: Exchange of military missions between the North Atlantic Treaty Orgnnizatlon and the Warsaw Pact, the Iron Curtain military alliance. Resumption of discussions on the security of West Berlin and !ts access routes. A joint declaration to be signed by the 193 tric va � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document NGRESSIONAL RECORD — APPENDIX e Tr E o = ‘e ames TO Re TRE rears. aor ed Tp a bo ack cr eg a TT rae his efforts to strengthen and stabilize the government. The basic objectives of Indonesia's domestic policy are to mold the Indo- nesian people into a great nation, to develop the country’s resources, and to improve the living conditions by giving the Indonesian people a greater share in the benefits of an expanding economy. Indonesia’s potential for economic de- velopment is great. There are large areas of land that have not yet been de- veloped agriculturally, and the islands are rich in untapped mineral resources such as petroleum, tin, and bauxite. An 8-year plan for economic growth was launched in January 1961 as a blueprint for Indonesian development. The United States has had an interest in Indonesia from the very outset. The United States played an important role in helping Indonesia negotiate its free- dom from Dutch rule, and it has con- tinued to encourage the development of a stable and democratic country. The American foreign aid program has helped to strengthen the Indonesian economy and to improve the living con- ditions of its people. The two countries have established a long record of co- operation and friendship. On the occa- sion of the 18th anniversary of Indo- nesian independence, the United States takes the opportunity to express its de- sire to maintain close and cordial rela- tions with Indonesia on a basis of mu- tual respect. ' Civil Rights Resolutions EXTENSION OF REMARES \ HON. ROBERT DOLE OF KANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 15, 1963 Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, Iam certain the “Resolutions Adopted by the House of Bishops, Protestant Episcopal Church, Toronto, Ontario, August 12, 1963,” will be of interest to Members. These im- portant resolutions were brought to my attention by the Rev. William E, Craig, director, St. Francis Boys’ Home, Salina and Ellsworth, Kans., who is sincerely eoncerned with the rights and needs of all minority groups. Resolved, That the House of Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church urges the Congress of the United States to pass such elvil rights legislation as shall fairly and effectively implement both the established rights and the needs of all minority groups in education, voting rights, housing, em- ployment opportunities, and access to places of public accommodation. Resolved, That the House of Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church, mindful of the Church Assembly to be held in Wash- ington, D.C., on August 28, 1963, In coopera- tion with the March on Washington for Jobs )and Freedom, (a) recognizes not only the | right of free citizens to peaceful assemblage for the redress of grievances, but also that participation in such an assemblage is a proper expression of Christian witness and obedience;- (b) welcomes the responsible discipleship which impels many of our bishops, clergy, and laity to take part in such se. A5219 an assemblage and supports them fully; (c) } prays that through such peaceful assemblage }- citizens of all races may bring before the Government for appropriate and competent action the critical and agonizing problems posed to our Nation by racial discrimination in employment, in access to places of public accommodation, in political rights, in edu- cation, and housing. Resolved, That the House of Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church commends to all people the Presiding Bishop's letter dated Whitsunday 1963, as appropriate and helpful in the present racial crisis; and that and timely expression of Christian leader- ship. Call to Political Duty EXTENSION OF REMARES OF HON. FRED SCHWENGEL OF IOWA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 15, 1963 Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, in his keynote speech to the workshop meeting of the Republican Citizens Com- mittee not long ago Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower called strongly upon “politi- cal amateurs” to participate in politics. This call is well worth remembering and pondering for the vast majority of citi- zens who find it so much easier to sit back and do nothing and then complain because they are not governed as they would like to be. History plainly indi- cates that democracies remain strong only so long as their citizens remain actively interested in their governments. Therefore, I call the attention of every citizen to former President Eisenhower's remarks in the article from the Saturday Evening Post of August 10, 1963, which follows below: ’ A Cat TO Poxirrican Dury After an illustrious career in public serv- ice, no one would criticize Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower if he decided to take it easy in his retirement. But the former President seems to be going stronger than ever. Re- cently he has shown a zest for close political combat unlike anything that he showed dur- ing his “active” career. Not long ago a group of distinguished Re- publicans from all sections of the country gathered at Hershey, Pa., for a workshop meeting of the Republican Citizens Com- mittee. General Eisenhower delivered the keynote speech. He let the New Frontier have it. Duty “requires that we call the roll, clear and loud on the opposition's record,” he sald, “the sorry record that stands naked to be- hold, when the cunningly manipulated ve- neer of imagery is peeled off. * * *For the sake of its future, the American electorate * * * should become fully aware of the po- litical connivance that is a way of political life for those who avidly seek power at any cost—and having won it, reach out for more and more.” The main thrust of General Eisenhower's speech was a call for massive participation by Republican-oriented citizens in the cam- paign of 1964. “I hope this town meeting is the forerunner of many, many more across the country by different citizens’ groups, all of which make thelr contribution toward the growth of Republicanism,” he seid. “Political ‘amateurs,’” he added, “bring verse, sparkle and fresh ideas which perk up @& 1 we support the Presiding Bishop in this wise |, A5220 political party the way a well-advertised medicine does tired blood. Many of today's finest public officials and party organization leaders were yesterday's ‘political amateurs.’ " The general speaks from experience. “Ded- icated nonprofessionals,” he said, “were to a considerable extent responsible for my deci- sion in 1952 to enter the political arena.” We heartily endorse General Eisenhower's call for massive Republican citizen partici- pation in the coming campaign. The s0- called amateurs can give the party some- . thing that the tired party pros seem unable to supply—a renewed energy and a hefty injection of idealism. Perhaps the “ama- teurs” will even uncover a Republican can- didate who will give Jack Kennedy a run for his money in 1964. Trotters Shoals EXTENSION OF REMARKS F HON. W. J. BRYAN DORN OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 15, 1963 Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the textile industry is the leading industry in the Carolinas and Georgia. This great in- dustry, the very backbone of our econ- omy, must never become dependent upon the Federal Government for its power. Another Federal Government dam at Trotter Shoals on the Savannah River would give the Federal Government a complete monopoly over that great river. If the Federal Government controls pow- er and water, it will control people and their employment. The following editorial. is from the August 3, 1963 issue of Southern Textile News: PRIVATE VERSUS SOCIALIZED PowER With the textile industry's vital interest in taxes and electrical power, close watch should be kept on proposals for Uncle Sam to construct the Trotter Shoals Dam on the Sayannah River in South Carolina rather than for private enterprise. This is not of interest Just to South Carolinians, but has far-sweeping interests to all taxpayers. The pseudoliberals, whatever party label they wear, like to call themselves “The party with a heart,” or “The party of the peo- ple.” This infers that conservatives are heartless and unconcerned with people.. But close examination of the doctrine and pro- grams of the lberals often discloses that, either thelr heart is blind or they are more interested in power than people. This is il- lustrated in the Trotter Shoals project. As a matter of heart, the liberals argue that all of the natural resources of the Na- tion “belong to all the people.” This is the argument: they use to justify Federal con- struction of hydroelectric dams, notwith- standing the fact that Federal electricity is sold at cutrate prices to only a favored few of the people. Specifically, this is the argu- ment behind Interior Secretary Udall's de- mand that Uncle Sam, rather than private enterprise, construct the $78.7 million Trot- ter Shoals Dam, a project which would re- move 22,000 acres of land from State and local tax rolls. Would Federal constructlon of this dam help “all the people?” Here is what is in store for this area. (and other areas in time) if the Government does not build the dam: 1. The Mead Corp. will employ 1,400 workers in the construction of a $40 million plant at the site which will create 650 per- manent jobs. The plant will purchase $9 million worth of pulpwood a year which will create another 1,850 jobs. The plant will pay $3.8 million a year in local, State and Federal taxes (not counting the taxes which the new workers will pay.) 2. Duke Power Co, will employ 1,000 workers in the construction of an electric steamplant at the site which will create 135 permanent jobs. The steamplant (which will generate 24 times as much electricity as the Federal dam) will purchase $25 million worth of coal a year which will create more new jobs in the mining industry. The investor- owned steamplant will pay $13 million a year in local, State, and Federal taxes. As a matter of “heart,” which would do more for the most people, the Federal Gov- ernment or private enterprise?. Is President Kennedy Afraid To Trust the American People? EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. BRUCE ALGER OF TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ' Wednesday, August 14, 1963 Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, why does President Kennedy refuse to trust the American people? Why does he enter into secret negotiations with Khru- shchev? What has he promised Khru- shchev? Who is calling the shots, our President or the Soviet dictator? It is time the American people know dust what President Kennedy has in mind for them and what kind of country he intends to leave for our children. The reports of secret agreements reached with Khrushchev should fill us with fear- ful foreboding. It seems to me Congress should de- mand a full explanation to the ques- tions raised in the following article from the Washington World of August 19, written by Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott. Even Averell Harriman, famous for his. negotiations with the Russians, says our goals and theirs are absolutely irrecon- cilable. Therefore, any agreements ac- ceptable to Khrushchev must be against the best interest of the United States. The article follows: KENNEDY AND KunusHcHEy Mucr CLoser on AGREEMENT THAN STATEMENTS INDICATE (By Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott) President Kennedy and Premier Khru- shchev are much closer to a step-by-step agreement on a nonagression pact between the West and the Soviet block than their public statements indicate. In fact, they already have reached an un- derstanding in their exchange of letters on a plan for a piecemeal approach to cope with - the opposition of West Germany and France. SCHEDULE OF TALKS Under this Kennedy-Khrushchev strategy, the following “escalator procedure” will be pursued in the ‘second round” of negotia- tions underway in Moscow: Exchange of military missions between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw Pact, the Iron Curtain military alliance. Resumption of discussions on the security of West Berlin and its access routes, A joint declaration to be signed by the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — APPENDI mili Gen the a Cr Fi non nati A for sion Pres ciftir Geri U; ager NAT wou ‘man trie: reco Le vidu aITA sign Gen Al NAT info Een Mos: Tl proc wou this R pose mer and cont incl 60n sign Spe maj leag edil by] Au  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 43 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/f9a000dd78978a59d6a8dfc7a437fb68.pdf eec58daf9eb64552b92db5446032b417 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. with ratton l cours , With mut u al tru s and, t herefore, with joy and gratefulness f or the gift of llfe....- /1.tWA J.5 ,{,~ "',i,;ii IADMINISTRATION'S CIVIL RIGHTS BILL Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, never before in the history of the United States--indeed , not in th e history of any free and civilized people-has such vicious legislation been proposed as that part of the administration's so-called .,__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ civil rights bill which would enable tt Federal Gover nment to excommunica sov n Stat es, to in effect, bani them from the Union. RESSIONAL RECORD - SENA" • I refer to title VI of the VU rights cancer, and mental health could suddenly bill now peDd!nS before this body, s. be cut off. The ultimate effect of this iniquitous 1731, wht reads In part as follows : Notwl.thstandinit anv l;)MTUiOD to the con- proposal would be to destroy our repubtrary In any law of the Unlt ed State. pro- lican form of government. Power to expend the funds it approprividing or authorizing direct or Indirect 11.n anclal !1861stance f or or In connect ion with ated would be wrested from the Congress any program or activity by way o! grant, and handed over to the Executive. ontract, loan, insurance, guaranty, or otherSovereign States would have to toe the wise, no such law shall be Interpreted as re- administration line. quiring that such financial assistan ce shall I submit, Mr. President, that title VI e f urnished In circumst ances under which Individuals participatin g ln or b enefiting is totally unjustified and unwise, as the resident himself said last April, when f rom the program or activity are discriminated a gainst on the ground of r ace, color, the Civil Rights Commission suggested religion, or n ational origin or are denied par- that Federal funds be denied Mississippi. t icipation or benefits therein on the ground He said: of race, color, religion, or national origin. I don't h a ve an y p ower to cut off the a id in the way proposed by the Civil Rights comUnder this provision. Mr. President, mission, a nd I would think that It would the executive branch of our Government proba bly be unwise to give the..Presldent of would be given carte blanche authority the Unit ed States tha t kl.nd of power. to withhold Federal funds paid to the I favor the full enjoyment of every States in grants-in-aid programs or to cancel F ederal financial participation in American citizen of all-righ t s guaranteed contracts, loans, insurance, and guaran- him by the Constitution. I know of no one who has claimed a deprivation of t ees. Without any notice, without any hear- rights who has gone to court under existing, without a judicial proceeding of any ing statutes and has not had his rights kind, and without any appeal or other granted him In full. But I do not believe that a certain privsafeguard against abuse, entire States could be starved out of the Federal ileged group should be granted special rights and benefits to the extent that the Treasury. By alleging discrimination In connec- rights of others are lost. And, it is my opinion, Mr. President, tion with any Federal aid program, the Executive would have unrestrained con-· that a majority of the citizens of the trol over the expenditure of funds appro- United States share this view. priated by the Congress for direct or Indirect assistance to the States. No court test to determine whether GOVERNMENT LOSSES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES-REdiscrimination was actually being pracFINED SALAD OIL t iced would be required. This proposal is so broad that whole Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. Mr. States could be punished for voting · President, on July 16, 1963, I called the wrong, if disc1imlnation were alleged as attention of the Senate to the fact that under Public Law '480 our Government an excuse. Title VI is aimed of course at the h ad entered into a barter agreement with States of the South. in a brazen attempt Austria for the disposal of 40 million to legislate social reform and to black- bushels of feed grains but that out of mail law-abiding citizens to go against this 40 million bushels only approxii that which they believe to be in the best · mately 16 million bushels ever anived 17 interests of everyone. Austria, and the other 24 million bush/ However, I would emphasize that no were diverted while en route, destinatJ State in the Union would be secure unknown. against the wrath, whims or caprices of Just how our Government could a Federal bureaucrat armed with the un- track of 24 million bushels of grain limited power of title VI. .A 3-year period without someone kl A person of oriental or Mexican de- Ing it, is as yet unexplained. scent, for example, could apply for a bank To determine who, if anyone, • loan in California or a highway job in Arizona, and be refused as a poor credit our Government officials or the ex, may have been a part of the co, risk or as not competent for the job. On the basis of a claim of discrimina- to arrange this illegal transacV tion, a Federal official could cause the traduced Sena te Resolution 17 / cancellat ion of all FDIC insurance on all pose of which was to cond California banks or the loss of all Fed- scale investigation of all eral high way funds for th e entire State under Public Law 480. The Government of / of Arizona. By the same token, the citizens of already indicted seven pJ whole States receiving welfare benefits viduals for their part in t could be denied their old-age assistance version of 24 million bush did not see how this fl' or aid to the disabled. Needy children could be deprived of been perpetrated with food they now r eceive under the school this side of the Atla thus far the Senate AJ lunch program. Civil defense programs, so vital to the tee has not seen fit w security of our country, could be halted lution authorizing th Today t wish to in States which lost the favor of some ample of a loose tral Federal bureaucrat. States could be denied Federal aid In digposal of a gric hospital construction; funds for research This transaction lik in such critical areas as heart disease, questions as to the p , 1 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document ‘arpe+ ‘When With rational discourse, with mutual trust, rs, oF and, therefore, with joy and gratefulness for. This ig the gift of life & and ny <b L s and THE /ADMINISTRATION'S CIVIL npels RIGHTS BILL ssive ir, TALMADGE. Mr. President, never _ omi- before in the history of the United nat States—indeed, not in the history of any — iaily free and civilized people—has such vi- The ious legislation been proposed as that part of the administration’s so-called wt; civil rights bill which would enable tk na Federal Government to excommunica will sovereign. States, to in effect, bani me’ them from the Union. e 1731, which reads in part as follows: , Notwithstanding any provision to the con- / ftrary in any law of the United States pro- } viding or authorizing direct or indirect &- }mancial assistance for or in connection with Samy program or. activity by way of grant, \contract, loan, insurance, guaranty, or other- lwise, no such law shall be interpreted as re- (quiring that such financial assistance shall ibe furnished in clroumstances under which (individuals participating in or benefiting from the program or activity are discrimi- { nated against on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin or are denied par- eros a or benefits therein on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin. Under this provision, Mr. President, the executive branch of our Government would be given carte blanche authority to withhold Federal funds paid to the States in grants-in-aid programs or to cancel Federal financial participation in contracts, loans, insurance, and guaran- tees. Without any notice, without any hear- ing, without a judicial proceeding of any kind, and without any appeal or other safeguard against abuse, entire States could be starved out of the Federal Treasury. By alleging discrimination in connec- tion with any Federal aid program, the Executive would have unrestrained con- trol over the expenditure of funds appro- priated by the Congress for direct or in- direct assistance to the States. No court test to determine whether discrimination was actually being prac- ticed would be required. This proposal is so broad that whole States could be punished for voting wrong, if discrimination were alleged as an excuse. Title VI is aimed of course at the States of the South, in a brazen attempt to legislate social reform and to black- mail law-abiding citizens to go against that which they believe to be in the best interests of everyone. ~ However, I would emphasize that no State in the Union would be secure against the wrath, whims or caprices of a Federal bureaucrat armed with the un- limited power of title VL A person of oriental or Mexican de- scent, for example, could apply for a bank loan in California or a highway job in Arizona, and be refused as a poor credit risk or as not competent for the job. On the basis of a claim of discrimina- tion, a Federal official could cause the ‘cancellation of all FDIC insurance on all California banks or the loss of all Fed- eral highway funds for the entire State of Arizona. . By the same token, the citizens of whole States receiving welfare benefits could be denied their old-age assistance or aid to the disabled. Needy children could be deprived of food they now receive under the school lunch program. Civil defense programs, so vital to the security of our country, could be halted in States which lost the favor of some Federal bureaucrat. States could be denied Federal aid in hospital construction; funds for research in such critical areas as heart disease, ‘President, on July 16, 1963, I called the 3RESSIONAL RECORD — SENA* cancer, and mental health could suddenly be cut off. The ultimate effect of this iniquitous proposal would be to destroy our repub- lican form of government. Power to expend the funds it appropri- ated would be wrested from the Congress and handed over to the Executive. Sovereign States would have to toe the administration line. I submit, Mr. President, that title VI is totally unjustified and unwise, as the esident himself said last April, when the Civil Rights Commission suggested that Federal funds be denied Mississippi. He said: I don't have any power to cut off the aid in the way proposed by the Civil Rights Com- mission, and I would think that it would probably be unwise to give the President of the United States that kind of power. I favor the full enjoyment of every American citizen of all-rights guaranteed him by the Constitution, I know of no one who has claimed a deprivation of rights who has gone to court under exist- ing statutes and has not had his rights granted him in full. But I do not believe that a certain priv- ileged group should be granted special rights and benefits to the extent that the rights of others are lost. And, it is my opinion, Mr. President, that a majority of the citizens of the United States share this view. a tL a ~ aie em - Lt te Pe GOVERNMENT LOSSES OF AGRI- CULTURAL COMMODITIES—RE- FINED SALAD OTL Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. Mr. 9 tea eine attention of the Senate to the fact that under Public Law 480 our Government had entered into a barter agreement with Austria for the disposal of 40 million bushels of feed grains but that out of this 40 million bushels only approxi -mately 16 million bushels ever arrived i Austria, and the other 24 million bushe were diverted while en route, destinati unknown. Just how our Government could ° track of 24 million bushels of grain a 3-year period without someone k’ ing it, is as yet unexplained. To determine who, if anyone, s our Government officials or the ex’ may have been a part of the co’ to arrange this illegal transact’ troduced Senate Resolution 171 pose of which was to conduv scale investigation of all t under Public Law 480. The Government of / already indicted seven A’ viduals for their part in t¥ version of 24 million bush did not see how this fr: been perpetrated withou this side of the Atlar thus far the Senate A; tee has not seen fit tc lution authorizing thi Today I wish to ¢ ample of a loose tra disposal of agricul This transaction lil questions as to the pr  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 42 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/f660c65881d3b9039ca91281913e0c2a.pdf 9f03798a09b134eeb5235c2362c748e2 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. r- (/1ue(_ e rf l ~ £ ~ ·1 963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 18207 petition from a race whose increasing education would refute t he dogma of its Innate !nferlorlty h a ve inhibited the atta inment of justice. Impa t ience ls due in p art to the fa ct tha t some Negroes h ave att ain ed a c ollege educa tion. Thus there is n ow a n ar ticulate core to voice the lon gings of the voiceless m asses. They h a ve p erformed the s am e service for their r ace a s t h e artlcula te craftsm en p (lrformed for the peasants at the b irth of d embcr a cy in the 17th cen tury. Moreover, they have given evidence, particularly in the realm of sp orts a nd the arts , in theater a nd concert ball, a nd in the n ovel that the vicious theory of their Innate inferiority ls a NEED F OR EFFECTIVE CIVIL RIGHTS f raud. Their leaders in these fields h a ve LEGISLATION spa rked the flame of the present r evolt as Mr. H UMPHREY. Mr. P residen t, I much as the students d id with their orlgask unanimous consent th at t wo r ecent lna.l sit-Ins a t the lunch counters and t h e ir !reed.om rides. articles reportin g import ant statements on the n eed for effective civil rights Since the r ecord of the white P rotestant Ch u rch, except for a f ew h eroic s_pirts, ls legislation from outstanding church sh ameful , .one m ust record wlth gra titud e leaders be printed in the R ECORD at the that Negro ch urchlnen h a ve been consp icuconclusion of m y rem arks. The first of ous among the l ea ders of the revolt. The these articles, Mr. President, is taken Negro church in the person of Dr . Martin from the August 31, 1963, issue of t h e Luther King h as valida ted itself in the llfe of the Negroes and of the Na tion. New York Times and r eports an action The impa tience of the Negro will not subtaken by the Methodist Conference on side until the l ast vestiges of legal a nd cusuman Relations at a n ational meetin g tomary inequality h ave b een r emoved . Revof 1,100 delegates representing 10 milolutions do n ot stop h alf way. The n ext lion Methodists. That statement called step has been .outlined by the President's for Federal and State laws "that wm new legisla tive program , which ls the n a tuopen all facilities serving the general r al fruit of the lncreaslng tension of wh at public to au· persons without r egard t o he b as d efined as our "moral crises." The legisl ative progra m as proposed seeks ra ce." Equally as important it called to outlaw d lscrlinlnation 1n a ll priva te com upon all of the churches wi thin the demercial ventures on the b asis of the 14th n omination to make certain tha t n either amendment a nd the intersta te commer ce their good name nor their funds be used clause of t he Consti tution. It will not p ass in any way to permit racial discr imina without a grea t p olitica l struggle . If su ction. This is a very far -r each in g policy cessful it migh t p ut t he legisla t ive ca p s tone and one that should be both commended .on the emancipation of the rnce. But t he r e trea t ing white suprem acists are increasingand copied by others. The other article, Mr. Presiden t. taken (From Christianit y and Crisis , July 8, 1963] ly desp erate. Their murders, their p olice d ogs a n d their t error h a ve con t r ib u t ed as f rom the July 8, 1963, issue of ChrisTHE MOUNTING RACIAL CRISIS much to the m ou nting ten sion as the impa tianity and Crisis, is an excellent stateThe sim plest explanation for t he Increas- tience of the Negroes. We are, 1n short, conm ent on the importance of congressional ingly urgent d em onstrations of t he Negroes fronted with the ult imate , or a t leBBt p enulaction on civil r ights. It is t ypical of agains t disfranch isement, s egregation 1n t imate, cha p ter in the lon g h istory .of overthe growing sent iment among church- school and church , lun ch counter an d public com ing the Amerlca.n dilemma . men of all faiths. This statem ent is not c onveyance, and against every public custom Of course la ws ca nnot fina lly change t he affronts t h e dignity of the hum an b eing,' recal citrant. Their prejudices dictate cusbased upon self-interest . It is not based tlshat tha t the Negro fee ls-as we al l ought to toms tha t a re a t war with the explicit law upon group interest. It is based upon f eel-tha t a century ls a long time to wa it n ation al interest and upon moral for the ellmlnatlon of the "American dllem- of t h e land a nd t h e law t h a t Is written in to the h eart. These prej udices are, in the Ia n - . grounds. What we do h ere 1n the weeks m a." guage of St. P a ul, "an other law In m y m em Discriminations agains t a r a ce In the pres- bers warring against the l ay., .of my m i nd.' immediat ely ahead is going to be watched ent historical context a r e as .offen sive to the closely by these good people. They h ave One ca n only h ope t h a t t h e church will be chosen the standard of their measure. conscience of m a n a nd as unbea rable to t he mor e effective In restr aining and transm u t v ictims of discrimin ation as sla very was in It is not put in terms of dollar limits or i ts d ay. If we r ecogn ize tha t the present ing these vagr a n t a nd r eca lcitrant p assions the n umber of stores 1n the ch ain or the situ a tion ls mor e u n b earable to the vict ims of m a n tha n it h as b een in the p a.st. The t ype of public service. It is put in terms of injustice tha n i t ls offen s ive t o t h e con- cont r ibution of Roma n Catholicism Is a n of equal treatment of all cit izens with out science of m en , we a re confronted by the other s tory. Protes tants might begin the n ew ch a p regard to race. I hope and pray that h ardness of the human h eart, even a mon g terWe in our nat ion a l life b y contritely confeswe will h ave the good sense to write a those whose h ear ts h a ve b een s oftened by · sing t h a t evan gelical Chrlstla nlty b as failed h uma n sympa thy and the st irrings of con- to contribu te slgnlflcantj.y to the solution of bill that will meet this test. There being no objection, th e articles science. Try a s we wUl we c a nnot feel the the gra vest social Issue and evil thnt our Na t ion h as confron ted sin ce sl avery . were ordered to be printed in th e REcoRD, p a in of others a s vlvld1y a s they d o. If we should s till find it a m yst ery tha t RN . as follows : this burs t of r esentm ent h as com e in a [From t he New York Times, Aug. 31, 1963 ) p eriod in which the lee of the long Winter METHODISTS B ACK CIVIL RIGHTS P LAN-WOULD of injustice ls brea k ing-after the Sup reme ] F EASIBILITY OF ADOPTING THE BAN DISCRIMINATION B Y THOSE SERVIN G Court d ecision on segregated sch ools h as METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIG HTS PUBLIC g iven urun!stak a ble evid en ce that t h e law AND MEASURES CHICAGO, August 30 .-The Methodist Con - .of the Nation ls now unequi voca lly on the Mr. PELL. Mr. P resident, on Tuesference on H uman R elatl6ns called today for sid e of justice and durin g a n ad ministration <Federal an d State laws "th at will open all t h at h as shown m ore concern f or r a cia l day, October 8, 1963, the White House fac111tles serving t h e general p ubllc to a ll just ice than any previous one , d espite the r eleased the first r eport of t he Consumer Southern b ase of the r egnant p arty-we Advisory Council which r ecommends , persons without regard to race." Support for such a policy, a major issue in have only to consider t h a t social revolt ls n ot, wi th oth er proposals, t hat a study be pending civil r ights legislation in Congress , as Marx though t, mot ivated b y p ure despera- made by an appropriate executive dewas contained In a statement approved at a tion. I t ls m ot ivated b y both r esentments partment or agency of the desirability national meeting of 1,100 delegates repre- and h opes, particularly by h opes deferred, and p ract icability of conversion-by the which "maketh the h eart sick ." senting 10 milllon Methodists. The statement took the form of a farThe Supr eme Cou r t h ad -promised inte- United Sta tes-to the metric system . I ranging message to the denomlnation's grated sch ools "With a ll d eliberate speed ." applaud this r ecommendation of the churches that urged church units to employ Yet a d eca d e has p assed without obvious Council, for it adds substantially to the their e conomic power to aid integration and progress. The customs .of the Nation, the growing weight of opinion th at such a. advocated t h at the 135 church-related col- pride of the dominant r ace, its f ear of com- feasibility study be made. At bottom, this business Is an aitta.ck on n o less a thing than r epresen tative governm ent. This Is oo because Congress ls the only part of the Government which ls literally and p reolsely representat ive in structure a n d character. Wha t the scr eamers, therefore, are really r eaohing for , whe ther they know It or not, Is a kind of p eop le's r epub lic where p u b lic policy woul d be exclusively in the hand s of a Presid ent who, though q uite democratically a nd lawfully elected, would t h er eafter be under no r eal check at all. l eges, including m any in the South, be opened to aJ.J. r aces. In urging t h a t Meth odist schools , colleges, . llospitals and other ins t itutions b e opened to a ll r a ces, the document proposed "that the name of the church a nd 'funds from it.s budget shall be withdrawn from any institu tion pursuing a policy contrary to this r ecom m endation. The messa ge also sta t ed, " We a re prou d tha t Methodist yout h s h ave p articipated in nonviolent demonstrations in b eh alf of r a cia l j u s tice a ll over :the land. Sp okesmen expla ined that t h e suggestions are a d visory. They will b e submitted on a petition to the Methodist G eneral Conference, the top legislative b ody of the d enomin ation, which will meet in P ittsburgh n ext s pring. The message p r oposed : That "investment funds, s u ch as those of ·the boar d of pensions, b e u sed t o help a chieve Integrated coxnmun.itles." Tha t chu rch u nits develop "a progr a m of investment only with compa n ies h aving n ondiScr imlna tory p olicies" and buy goods and m ake contracts only with compa nies tha t d o n ot discr imina te in hiring. Tha t members "work towar d full integration of schools" a nd assist in voter r egistration. Tha t bishops " prep are the grounds" for assigning p astors and dis trict superintend ents without r egard to r a ce. Tha t the 1964 gen eral conference of the church take fur ther st eps to m erge t h e cen tral jurls dlctlon, wh ich ls virtua lly a ll Negro, int o the five regional jurisdiction s. " We cannot pre vent anot h er p erson from approaching t h e a lta r of God b ecau se of his r ace wi t hout being gu ilty of grievous s in ," t h e m essage d ecla r ed . The m essage was a p proved by a sh ow of h and s at the closing session of the confer ence. I 1· �CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - 18208 Since I first introduced S. 1278 on April 4, of this year , calling for such a study by the Nation al Bureau of Stand ards, I · have r eceived communications of suppor t from m a ny diverse groups and individuals--professors, professional engin eers, persons concerned with intern ational tra de, editors of m agazines, and others. In a ddition, the Depa rtments of State, Commerce, and Defense concur that such a study would be very useful. T h e Committee for the Study of t he Metric System of the American Geop hysical Union h as done notable work in this field. The committee h as polled · a n umber of professions with r egard t o a dopting the m et ric syst em , a nd h as tur ned up some rather startling figures. The average of some 19 different groups contacted , who consider such a chan ge a dvantageous to them, was a very high 94 percent. Those who felt our export tra de was suffering because, we h a ve n ot adopted the metric system, was 69 per~ cent; and those who felt such a changeover is inevitable, 70 per cent. At this point Mr. President, I should like to h ave reprinted in the RECORD two documents; one the progress report of the committee and the second, an address by the comm ittee's chairman, Mr. Floyd W. Hough enitled "Why Adopt the Metric Syst em." There being no objection, the pi·ogress r eport and address were ordered to be printed in the R E CORD, as follows: P ROGRESS REPORT OF THE COMMrrrE E FOR THE STUDY OF T H E M ETRIC S Y STEM IN THE U NITED STATES Flo:,d W. Hough, Chairman; Carl I . Aslakson, Finn E . Bronner , John G . F erris , Helmut E. Landsberg, G. Medina, John A. O'Keefe, Milton 0 . Schmidt , Lansing G . Simmons, George D. Whit more, Julius C . Speert and Thomas Dand o as alternates; and L . V. J u dson, consultant. At the May 7, 1958, business session of the American Gi!ophysical Union the Bronner r esolu t ion was passed unanimously request ing President Ewing to a ppoint a special committee of the AGU for t h e study of the metric system in the Un'1ted States. The resolution, printed in the Tra.nsa.ct ions of J une 1958 (p. 558), direoted the committee to report at the May 1959 m eetlng. Accordingly, t he P r esident a ppointed the special committee noted above. The committee 'held Its first m eeting on Octob er 29, 1958, an d h as h eld f our su bsequent plen ary sessions interspersed with a n umber of partial m eetings of working groups. Con-espondence was opened wit h / A. H . Hughes of London, deputy chairman of the metric comm1ttee of the British Associa tion for the Advancem ent of Science. The Br itish committee h as ·p arallel tnstruotlons to those of our oommlttee with the a dded fea ture of considering the conversion of their present m on etary syst em to a decimal system. Our commi t tee enter tain ed Hughes a t a lunch eon during h is visit h er e on December 28. This was f ollowed by a n interestin g session a t which t he sim ilar problems of t he t wo countries were dlscussed. Several m em bers of t h e oomm1ttee a t tended t he m etric system d iscussion at t h e December m eeting of t h e American Associa tion for the Advancement of Scien ce. The va riou s m e mbers of t h e commlt tee have m ad e Independent s tudies on the ad option of the met ric system In the United States a nd submit ted r eports on such phases as: the effect on industry, the effect on foreign trade, t h e effect on Gover nment (Including State and m unicipal) , the advanta ges a nd d isadvantages of the m etric system, t h e history of t h e m etric system In the United States a nd Its u se In foreign countries , t h e Introduction CYf the m etric system into the schools, publlclt y programs, best m eans of making t he tran sition , a nd prop er a,pproach to Congress. It was early recognized by the commit tee that an ini tial poll must b e taken to ascert ain the feeling of the scientific field on the quest ion of a change to the metric system . Accord ingly, a sub committee was ap pointed to draw up a. suttable questionna ire and a T A BLE Oh a n gc ad v antageous (question 3) Present u sa ge (question 2) - .....s. .8 .. I•• .. i i .. d z a ~ < z P ct. Pct. 89 11 92 98 100 97 98 83 .,., 0 >< z Pct. 70 68 Pct. 30 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 8 2 0 3 2 17 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pct. 100 100 98 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 92 100 100 9li . Ii 99 119 88 66 00 78 77 62 46 100 100 100 100 100 75 63 00 75 100 100 32 44 00 22 23 38 54 0 0 0 0 0 25 38 50 25 0 0 31 ~ !l -- .!3 .,., >< 00 63 - 70 .!3 ru 13' ! 0 z Pct. Pct. Pct. 59 63 o/ 44 63 o/ 39 71 29 67 67 33 36 16 85 52 62 38 60 31 69 52 36 04 60 100 0 00 03 7 22 13 88 31 'n 73 00 100 0 40 75 25 6~ 67 33 67 33 67 31 23 77 46 60 40 411 .. .. .!3 38 gJ >< 0 z j 1 Physics 2 Chemistry 3 M athematics 4 C lvll engloeerlng 5 Electr ical englnL-crlng 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Mechanical englneerlng Geology Aerod ynamics Medical Pharmacology R esearch scientist M etallurgy --30 00 <I ,g t' j -g ,. ., oO p., .. .. I., ! aw ~ t' a 'O .!:l , 'O f"1 .!3 13' I> 0 0 ,oj -- - - - - - - -- - - --- 6 94 00 18 B iology 14 Pbotogrammel ry 16 16 17 18 .; - Pct. P ct. Pd. Pd. Pct. P ct. P ct. P d . Pct. 87 19 16 99 13 00 30 35 97 91 18 92 9 00 08 92 48 25 3 97 07 39 97 08 09 4.3 98 4,1 11 100 0 100 100 44 100 00 61 6 94 37 15 14 63 34 99 92 42 13 08 94 00 37 100 8 91 23 100 9 97 29 09 40 100 100 41 4 00 00 4l 15 03 100 100 0 100 100 17 17 00 67 100 100 0 100 93 59 05 16 20 100 11 17 89 0 100 100 50 22 100 69 40 10 17 85 0 100 33 100 100 67 17 17 100 0 100 100 00 18 80 0 100 100 28 03 53 100 92 00 32 4 00 24 16 96 28 100 100 11 44 11 0 100 100 33 100 0 100 100 16 58 20 100 06 91 91 80 91 46 06 16 20 33 0 100 100 39 100 100 Oil 14 89 l K cy to prolesslons. o Others (locludlng not ldentlfied ) Sponsorship (qu estion 9) Geography M eteorology T eacblug Oceanography 39 - - -- 14.- -12 85 98 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document 1963 At bottom, this business is an attack on no less a thing than representative govern- ment. This ls s0 because Congress is the only part of the Government which is Lit- erally and prectely representative in struc- ture and characte: What the perectiers; therefore, are really reaching for, whether they know it or not, is a kind of people's republic where public policy would be exclusively in the hands of & President who, though quite democrati- cally and lawfully elected, would thereafter be under no real check at all. NEED FOR EFFECTIVE CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that two recent articles reporting important statements on the need for effective civil rights legislation from outstanding church leaders be printed in the Recorp at the conclusion of my remarks. The first of these articles, Mr. President, is taken from the August 31, 1963, issue of the New York Times and reports an action taken by the Methodist Conference on Human Relations at a national meeting of 1,100 delegates representing 10 mil- lion Methodists. That statement called for Federal and State laws “that will open all facilities serving the general publie to all persons without regard to race.” Equally as important it called upon all of the churches within the de- nomination to make certain that neither their good name nor their funds be used in any way to permit racial discrimina- tion. This is a very far-reaching policy and one that should be both commended and-copied by others. The other article, Mr. President, taken from the July 8, 1963, issue of Chris- tianity and Crisis, is an excellent state- ment on the importance of congressional action on civil rights. It is typical of the growing sentiment among church- men of all faiths. This statement is not based upon self-interest. It is not based upon group interest. It is based upon national interest and upon moral grounds. What we do here in the weeks immediately ahead is going to be watched closely by these good people. They have chosen the standard of their measure. it is not put in terms of dollar limits or the number of stores in the chain or the type of public service. It is put in terms of equal treatment of all citizens without regard to race. I hope and pray that we will have the good sense to write a bill that will meet this test. There being no objection, the articles were ordered to be printed in the REcorn, as follows: [From the New York Times, Aug. $1, 1963] MerrHopists Back Crvin Ricuts PLAN—WovuLp Ban DISCRIMINATION BY THOSE SERVING Pusiic Cuicaco, August 30.—The Methodist Con- ference on Human Relations called today for Federal and State laws “that will open all facilities serying the general public to. all persons without regard to race.” Support for such a policy, a major issue in pending civil rights legislation In Congress, Was contained In a statement approved at a national meeting of 1,100 delegates repre- senting 10 million Methodists, The statement took the form of a far- ranging message to the denormination’s churches that urged church units to employ thelr economic power to aid integration and advocated that the 185 church-related col- Lok CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE leges, including many in the South, be opened to all races. In urging that Methodist schools, colleges, hospitals and other institutions be opened to all races, the document proposed “that the name of the church and funds from its budget shall be withdrawn from any institu- tion pursuing a policy contrary to this recommendation.” The message also stated, “We are proud that Methodist youths have participated in nonviolent demonstrations in behalf of racial justice all over the land.” Spokesmen explained that the suggestions are advisory. They will be submitted on a petition to the Methodist General Confer- ence, the top legislative body of the denomi- nation, which will meet in Pittsburgh next spring. The message proposed: That “investment funds, such as those of the board of pensions, be used to help achieve integrated communities.” That church units develop “a program of investment only with companies having non- discriminatory policies” and buy goods and make contracts only with companies that do not discriminate in hiring. That members “work toward full integra- tion of schools” and assist in voter registra- tion. That bishops “prepare the grounds” for assigning pastors and district superintend- ents without regard to race. That the 1964 general conference of the church take further steps to merge the cen- tral jurisdiction, which 1s virtually all Negro, into the five regional jurisdictions. “We cannot prevent another person from approaching the altar of God because of his race without being guilty of grievous sin,” the message declared. The message was approved by a show of hands at the closing session of the confer- ence. [From Christianity and Crisis, July 8, 1963] THE MOUNTING RACIAL CRISIS The simplest explanation for the increas- ingly urgent demonstrations of the Negroes against disfranchisement, segregation in school and church, lunch counter and public conveyance, and against every public custom, that affronts the dignity of the human being, is that the Negro feels—as we all ought to feel—that a century is a long time to wait for the elimination of the “American dilem- ma.”" Discriminations against a race in the pres- ent historical context are as offensive to the conscience of man and as unbearable to the victims of discrimination as slavery was in its day. If we recognize that the present situation is more unbearable to the victims of injustice than it is offensive to the con- sclence of men, we are confronted by the hardness of the human heart, even among those whose hearts have been softened by human sympathy and the stirrings of con- science. Try as we will we cannot feel the pain of others as vividly as they do. If we should still find {t a mystery that this burst of resentment has come in a period in which the ice of the long winter of injustice is breaking—aiter the Supreme Court decision on segregated schools has given unmistakable evidence that the law of the Nation is now unequivocally on the side of justice and during an administration that has shown more concern for racial justice than any previous one, despite the Southern base of the regnant party—we have only to consider that social revolt is not, as Marx thought, motivated by pure despera- tion. It is motivated by both resentments and hopes, particularly by hopes deferred, which “maketh the heart sick.” The Supreme Court had promised inte- grated schools “with all deliberate speed.” Yet a decade has passed without obvious progress. The customs of the Nation, the pride of the dominant race, its fear of com- hehkee ie ‘3 Se 18207 petition from a race whose increasing edu- cation would refute the dogma of its innate inferiority have inhibited the attainment of justice. Impatience is due in part to the fact that some Negroes have attained a college educa- tion. Thus there is now an articulate core to voice the longings of the voiceless masses. They have performed the same serv- ice for their race as the articulate crafts- men performed for the peasants at the birth of democracy in the 17th century. Moreover, they have given evidence, particularly in the realm of sports and the arts, in theater and concert hall, and in the novel that the yvi- cious theory of their innate inferiority is a fraud. Their leaders in these fields have sparked the flame of the present revolt as much as the students did with their orig- inal sit-ins at the lunch counters and their freedom rides. Since the record of the white Protestant Church, except for a few heroic spirts, is shameful, one must record with gratitude that Negro churchmen have been conspicu- ous among the leaders of the revolt. The Negro church in the person of Dr. Martin Luther Eing has validated itself in the life of the Negroes and of the Nation. The impatience of the Negro will not sub- side until the last vestiges of legal and cus- tomary inequality have been removed. Rev- olutions do not stop half way. The next step has been outlined by the President's new legislative program, which is the natu- ral fruit of the increasing tension of what he has defined as our “moral crises." The legislative program as proposed seeks to outlaw discrimination in all private com- mercial ventures on the basis of the 14th amendment and the interstate commerce clause of the Constitution. It will not pass without a great political struggle. If suc- cessful it might put the legislative capstone on the emancipation of the race. But the retreating white supremacists are increasing- ly desperate. Their murders, their police dogs and their terror have contributed as much to the mounting tension as the impa- tlence of the Negroes. We are, in short, con- fronted with the ultimate, or at least penul- timate, chapter in the long history of over- coming the American dilemma. Of course laws cannot finally change the recalcitrant, Their prejudices dictate cus- toms that are at war with the explicit law of the land and the law that is written into the heart. These prejudices are, in the lan guage of St. Paul, “another law in my mem- bers warring against the law of my mind. One can only hope that the church will be more effective in restraining and transmut- ing these vagrant and recalcitrant passions of man than it has been in the past. The contribution of Roman Catholicism is an- other story. We Protestants might begin the new chap- ter in our national life by contritely confes- sing that evangelical Christianity has falled to contribute significantly to the solution of the gravest social issue and evil that our Nation has confronted since slavery. RN, FEASIBILITY OF ADOPTING THE METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Mr. PELL, Mr. President, on Tues- day, October 8, 1963, the White House released the first report of the Consumer Advisory Council which recommends, with other proposals, that a study be made by an appropriate executive de- partment or agency of the desirability and practicability of conversion—by the United States—to the metrie system, T applaud this recommendation of the Council, for it adds substantially to the growing weight of opinion that such a feasibility study be made.  Since I first introduced S. 1278 on April 4, of this year, calling for such a study by the National Bureau of Stand- ards, I-have received ¢ ns support from many diverse groups, individuals—professors, il gineers, persons national trade, e others. In addi State, Cc r Be reiee thie nadia hovers useful The SL ae recta ek Metric System of the this field. The different g ye 5 ae oonsideriaucnts charee dva is to them, was a very high Bi percent Those who felt our export suffering we have not Ties iclne Ao cpleosion theo S report and address were Grderadito be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Procress RePorT oF THE COMMITTEE FOR THE SrupY oF THE Merric SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES Floyd W. Hough, Chairman; Carl I. Aslak- son, Finn E. Bronner, John G. Ferris, Helmut gress. E. Landsberg, G. Medina, John A. O'Keefe, It was early recognized by the committee 1 7 i that an initial poll must be taken to ascer- " i : ‘ | tain the feeling of the scientific field on the Thomas Dando as alternates; and L. V. Jud- question of a change to the metric system. shows) by 1 " son, consultant. Accordingly, a subcommittee was appointed wmns and the various professions by number At the May 7, 1958, business session of the to draw up a suitable questionnaire and a at the left. * TABLE coaee oe of questionnaire Change odvan- Period for | eee | Export trade now | 1 r Cost et radon (question4)| (question 5) (question 6) “rable Gaus nibitive itive (ques ee pee ee 8| Bessessnessssecsased | Answering Average Other No Yes Profession 1 Number answering Answering | Professional | soclety y coRS RR ooccok SENSEESF $| S28S2SSSseseSazsesqn | Answering 8| SSS35SE22Seanecseeee | aan S| BS8Seho48 BucSSBaQuean a SwkRSE..Beg ae a Ssee3 a = Sinema steno 3| senesusageeesens KWOuUowWe hanes ssnsnesexrgass | Education ewe g| S28SeSSeseseeeezesed SESSSESSESeE ene | Anverme 3 ssgassssSsesusgeae | Ye eSSeeseseceeeasees | Ye wl aes St ss S85 S38 5 oeeuaucedexscunewess Metric =| s2exangexesageuaeees | British a Be ees ee ee ; 8 eNeveusussusysesuens S ee etee Go eee No g| BSeSSSSSESSSSseSe5S8 | Answerine 3| sasgessepssesesaenes | Answering 2| SesseSSSSsSeceesqend g| ekerevaseensveseeess =| @eeneetscsenuantaxce | Industry 2| seuepeseewenseeseued | Government BS Soronwmoo | 322833=223s 5 £ 3 8 2 1 Key to professions: Others (including not identified) Physics 3 eograp! Meteorology ‘Teaching Oceanography Civil engineering Electrical cnpiieerihy HeSon ys ae  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 41 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/4d644f041d8fd802c87521d90032d414.pdf 9ad4199c13aef2b48a5f70e00721c09c Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. M __,_ tt__•y____._c~ Sen. l-lart Shifts tlie Ground, Puts ~ ife Into R ights Heari·n g WASHINGTON- The Negro spiritual goes : " Everybody talkin' 'bout Heaven, Ain't going ther~Heaven." WeH, they were talking about Heaven at, of aN places, the civil rights bearing before the Senate Commerce Committee. And because one was a liberal Demorcratic senator from Michigan and the other was the segregationist go\·ernor of Alabam a they couldn't agree on whether in paradise there would be separate but equal faciliUes for the races. Gov. Wallace stmck bhe ce" I think there is one and in Heaven will be like," he said lestial chord first and later obfact I know there is one. I ber eprovingly. viously wished he hadn't. lieve be made the whole human The governor had for two days family and be loves all manThe pugnacious, pug-no ed been freely predicting what would kind, and any man who would governor had had a happy happen here if the Senate mistreat anyone on account of morning twanging out easy anpassed the civil rights bill. He his color, I feel sorry for swers to easy questions played had admonished the Defense them." ,to him lzy like-minded Sen. department to look away from Thurmond, Democrat of South Any other man would have Dixie. He had prophesied a arolina. said "amen" to that, but Sen. white uprising and the end of "Governor," asked the sena- Hart is highly unconventional the free enterprise system. tor , "Do you believe in equal and he promptly put to Wallace But Hart's shifting of the opportunity for all men, be they the most arresting question yet ground to the hereafter put him heard in the repetitious hearwhite, black or tan?" off. His code does not permit ings. "Of course I do," the govhim to speculate, as Hart in" What will Heaven be like? ernor came in. And then his vited him to do, about the eatWill it be segregated?" thoughts, you might say, soared. ing facilities in Heaven, proWallace was plainly shocked. "I am not one of these invided the human family does "I don't think that you or I, tellectuals who thinks there is eat in eternity. either one, knows exactly what no God," he said with pride. He said stiffly be thought that segregation on earth was i11 th e best interests of both races . If Hart nettled the governor witl1 his theology, he confused him with his open-mindedness. He admitted he didn't lmow sometlbing, which Wallace would never do. He said be didn't. know what a Negro parent would do if be were a member of the Armed For ces who had grown up in the North and were assigned to the South and had to explain local conditions to his children. Hart asked to be excu ed fo r fur ther civil r ights duty downstairs in the auditorium where a large crowd and the Senate J udiciary Committee, of which he is also a member, had gathered to hear the attorney general. After some inaudible exchanges about whether the Southern senators should be heard first, it was decided that Mr. Kennedy should go back to the J ustice department while the committee heard the views of Sen. Ervin, Democrat of North Carolina . Hart came through loud and clear on I.he auditorium 's chancy amplifying system. He said : "We came closer to disaster in Birmingham than in Cuba." If he keeps up the performance of the past week, Hart may prove that a man need e neither a windbag nor a demagogue to make a name for him · self in the troubled fi eld o! ci\' il r ights. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Mary MeGrory Sen. Hart Shifts the Ground, Puts Life Into Rights Hearing ; WASHINGTON—The Negro spiritual goes: “Everybody talkin’ "bout Heaven, Ain’t going there—Heaven.”” Well, they were talking about Heaven at, of all places, the civil rights hearing before the Senate Commerce Committee. And be- cause one was a liberal Demorcratie senator from Michigan and the other was the segregationist governor of Alabama they couldn't agree on whether in paradise there would be separate but equal facilities for the races. Gov. Wallace struck the ce- lestial chord first and later ob- viously wished he hadn’t, The pugnacious, pug-nosed governor had had a happy morning twanging out easy an- swers to easy questions played to him by like-minded Sen. Thurmond, Democrat of South Carolina. “Governor,”’ asked the sena- tor, “Do you believe in equal opportunity for all men, be they white, black or tan?” “Of course I do,’ the gov- ernor came in. And then his thoughts, you might say, soared. “IT am not one of these in- tellectuals who thinks there is no God,” he said with pride. “I think there is one and in fact I know there is one. I be- lieve he made the whole human family and he loves all man- kind, and any man who would mistreat anyone on account of his color, I feel sorry for them.” Any other man would have said “amen” to that, but Sen. Hart is highly unconventional and he promptly put to Wallace the most arresting question yet heard in the repetitious hear- ings. “What will Heaven be like? Will it be segregated?” Wallace was plainly shocked. “T don’t think that you or I, either one, knows exactly what Heaven will be like,” he said reprovingly. The governor had for two days been freely predicting what would happen here if the Senate passed the civil rights bill. He had admonished the Defense department to look away from Dixie. He had prophesied a white uprising and the end of the free enterprise system. But Hart’s shifting of the ground to the hereafter put him off. His code does not permit him to speculate, as Hart in- vited him to do, about the eat- ing facilities in Heaven, pro- vided the human family does eat in eternity. He said stiffly he thought that segregation on earth was in the best interests of both races. If Hart nettled the governor with his theology, he confused him with his open-mindedness. He admitted he didn’t know something, which Wallace would never do. He said he didn’t know what a Negro parent would do if he were a mem- ber of the Armed Forces who had grown up in the North and were assigned to the South and had to explain local conditions to his. children. Hart asked to be excused for further civil rights duty down- stairs in the auditorium where a large crowd and the Senate Judiciary Committee, of which he is also a member, had gath- ered to hear the attorney gen- eral, After some inaudible ex- changes about whether the Southern senators should be heard first, it was decided that Mr. Kennedy should go back to the Justice department while the committee heard the views of Sen. Ervin, Democrat of North Carolina. Hart came through loud and clear on the auditorium’s chancy amplifying system. He said: “We came closer to dis- aster in Birmingham than in Cuba.” if he keeps up the perform- ance of the past week, Hart may prove that a man need-be neither a windbag nor _a'dema- gogue to make a namie for him- self in the trotbled field of civil vights:  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 40 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/45385dfe94bd905cab429afda7231e02.pdf 3e1b9716056ec1d8e2cf00122f5d8de6 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. r THE ATLANTA CONSTITUTION For 96 Years The South's Standard Newspaper 1- l, • ' ' • RALPH McGILL, Publisher Established June 16, 1868 Issued da ll y except New Year' s, July ~. La bor Day, Thanks1Uv1ng ana 1,;anstmas . Secona-ciass postage pa id at Atlanta , Georgia . The Atla nta Constitution (mornin g) , a nd The Atlanta .Journal (evening), and The Atlanta Cons titution and The ,Atlanta J ournal (Sunday), publis hed by Atlanta News)>• Pers, Inc., 10 Forsyth St., Atlanta , Georgia, · Page 4 EUGENE PATTERSON, Editor Hoqie-delivered s ubscription r a tes: Morning and Sunday. or evening and Sunday. l week. 50c. Morning or evening dail y only. l week, 30c. Morning. eve n.ins: and Sunday (1 3 issues), 1 week, 80c. Subscription prices by mail on r equest. Single copies: DailY, Sc ; Sunday, 20c, plus 3% saJes tax on sales and del iveries made within th e slate of Georgia. FRIDAY, JULY 19, 1963 r ·here Are Right and Wrong Reasons For Opposing the Civil Rights Bill Sen. Richard B . Russell's origin al op p osition to t he P resident's civil r ights bill belabor ed t he pr oposed cure--legisla tion - but ignored the ill-€xistence of Neg ro grievances. In a televi ion i nterview h e h as now , stated t hat h e is "well aware that we're , livin g in a social revolution." It seems to us this a step forward by h im toward the higher ground of recogn izing th at a p ro blem exi ts. The other half of the question still remains, h owever : What t o do about t he problem? Th e opponents of the President's bill ' in Congress w ill not have a stron g arg u' ment if-though t hey recognize exi stence of the national problem he i trying t o cope with-they avoid an y resp onsibility of th eir own for helpin g olve it. Much of t he Sou thern congressional opposition to t he bill is ba sed on ju t such an aveidance of responsibility, emptying the arguments to a large extent. The implication is th at even though a problem is conceded to exist, the Southerner in Congress is willing to block the P r esident's effort to do omething abo ut it while in turn offerin g the alternative of doing nothing about it. It i:eems to us this p os ition is 180 degr ees opposed and 100 per cent weake r than the position taken by the Boar d of the Atlanta Ch a mber of Commerce in i1s own r esolu tion opposing p assage of ~e P resident's bill. * * The Chamber opposition is b ased neith er on den ying that a problem exi ts n or upon the altern ative of doin g nothing a bout solvin g it. On . t he contrary, the Ch amber couples its opposition to the legi lation with a specific and fort hright alternative solu tion-volun tary p rogress in stead of com pelled progre s. Li ke Sen . Russell, the Chamber ~ oard fo und tl-1.e pu blic accommodations portion of the bill to be " particularly objectionable" b ecause it would b ring intru sion of futther federal reg ulation int o private property. But unli ke Sen. Rus ell, t he Chamber Boar d reiterated an alternative t o the legisla tion; it appealed " t o all businesses soliciting bu sine s from the general public to do so without regard to race, color or creed ," solving volu ntarily a p roblem w hose sol ution it does not want t o see federally com pelled. A tlanta itself is an example of a city t hat does not need the P re ident's pro posed law because it is recognizing the p roblem and solving it voluntaril y. T his, it seems t o u s, is the right reason for opposing the p ublic accommodations bill. If the Southern opposit ion to the bill in Congress would move up to this position which has already been taken at home, then i t seems to us the arguments would be geeatly strengthened, the solution of racial problems would be considerably advanced , and the dignit · and r eputation of the South would be better served. h l1 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document For 96 Years The South’s Standard Newspaper RALPH McGILL, Publisher | THE ATLANTA M | ‘ Established June 16, 1868 my Issued daily except New Year's, July 4, Labor Day, . Vhanksgwing ana Cnrstmas. Second-class postaze paid at » So the Atlanta Constitution (morning), and Th an ons ion (morning Atlant. : Rema Gane, and eaten, Copal ‘ae lay), pu an! ews- d paver, Inc,, 10 Forsyth St., Atlanta, Georgia. ‘Page 4 a Sen. Richard B: Russell’s original op- position to the President's civil rights bill belabored the proposed cure—legislation —but ignored the ill—existence of Negro grievances, In a television interview he has now stated that he is “well aware that we're living in a social revolution.” It seems to us this'a step forward by him toward the higher ground of recognizing that a prob- lem exists. The other half of the question still | remains, however; What to do about the ‘ problem? ; The opponents of the President's bill tin Congress will not have a strong argu~ ‘ment if—though they recognize existence ‘of the national problem he is trying to ‘cope with—they avoid any responsibility 'of their own for helping solve it. REEES @|e9 1 ‘opposition to the bill is based on just such an avoidance of responsibility, emp- tying the arguments to a large extent. The implication is that eyen though a problem is conceded to exist, the South- erner in Congress is willing to block the President's effort to do something about it While in turn offering the alternative of doing nothing about it. It seems to us this position is 180 degrees opposed and 100 per cent weak- er than the position taken by the Board of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce in ifs own resolution opposing passage of ‘e President’s bill. : Much of the Southern congressional CONSTITUTION 1 ot EUGENE PATTERSON, Editor Home-delivered subscription rates: Morning and Sun- day, or evening and Sunday, i rees 50c. Morning or eye- ning daily only, 1 week, 30e. ning, evening and Sunday US; issues), 1 week, 80c. Subeeentiet prices by mail on "Single copies: Daily, 5c; Sunday, 20c, plus 3% malts tax on sales and deliveries made within the state of Georgia. FRIDAY, JULY 19, 1963 There Are Right and Wrong Reasons ‘For Opposing the Civil Rights Bill ‘The Chamber opposition is based neither on denying that a problem exists nor upon the alternative of doing nothing about solving it. On. the contrary, the Chamber couples its opposition to the legislation with a specific and forthright alternative solution—voluntary progress instead of compelled progress. Like Sen. “Russell, the Chamber Board found the public accommodations portion of the bill to be “particularly ob- jectionable’’ because it would bring in- trusion of fur'ther federal regulation into private property. But unlike Sen. Russell, the Cham- ber Board reiterated an alternative to the legislation; it appealed “to all businesses soliciting business from the general pub- lic to do so without regard to race, color or creed,” solving voluntarily a problem whose solution it does not want to see federally compelled. Atlanta itself is an example of a city that does not need the President's pro- posed law because it is recognizing the problem and solving it voluntarily. This, it seems to us, is the right reason for op- posing the public accommodations bill, If the Southern opposition to the bill in Congress would move up to this posi- tion which has already been taken at home, then it seems to us the arguments would be greatly strengthened, the soliu- tion of racial problems would be consid- erably advanced, and the dignity and reputation of the South would be better served, Or De ad SSS ros Bo ee ain Shift ja  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 39 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/a79fd684d8b41b4759c83b56ae32b96a.pdf 196084b35e6e2d8c416ac262d28845a5 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. I Loi s Henne ssy S~O P i n e,, Goleta , Ca lif ~ ·' M yor Iv a n Allen City of Atlanta Atlant a ,. Georgia � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document 1 Lois Henne ssy 520 Pine, Goleta, Calif Ms yor Ivan Allen City of Atlanta Atlanta, Georgia  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 38 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/7a77301f9188d9a25530236afe5038b0.pdf 1f7bb637dc7189e3f3c17faa1c58bb03 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. To,_ ~M=ay'!!...:::.er~ A~l==l==e:::.n.:=------ -- OFFICE MEMORANDUM From _ _----=B:..1=:..::1=-=ll=---=H=c,..w=l=•= . : n=d- -- Date__Jdy=-=~-=1=9--L. . : --33.____ _ 1 ---=1=9:.. 6' I weuld suggest queting trem the attached edittrial trem tedat's Ceaatitutiea in ,-ur appearaace befe:re the Senate cemmittee • It gives eutside aupperl te ,-.ur aavecatien ef veluntary actien . I weui, alae auggeat queting the ~ er1g1nal declaratien ef the Cimalla Chamber ef' Oemmerce • 2 • The attached ceium. n by Mary McGrery gives seme 1na1ght inte • • et the meat ferthright ambera et tm cemmittee • Hi is a mu whe •••• � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 37 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/2b8ec5e5eda513b9b787b2936011af01.pdf 5b96d04d3d5f249cadf3c033139fdaa1 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. ~!;:::._~ ~,:;_ t:;f5~~ ~~- 01SEGRE.gf,1i ON FORM UL A By CATHERINE MACKIN Herald-Examiner Correspondent With Hears! Headline service WASHINGTON, July 13- Face the inevitable, obey the courts and get rid of hypocrisy-that's the basic formula followed by Atlanta, Ga., in its progressive march towards peaceful desegregation. Atlanta's mayor, Ivan Allen, has been asked to come here July 26 to t ell Congress how this sys' t ern works. So far, it's proven ver y successful, and in an interview he told why. I In less bhan two years, industrial Atlanta- with a population 40 per cent Negro- has integrated schools, public accommodations and employment with hardly a flurry of discontent. try fo clues to how it's done. "I've heard from people in towns large and small and far too numerous to mention. "They all want to know how we went about it," he said. · Stated simply, it was court orders and voluntary decision. !l"s:~·i::·;~~;:•er c't! "But , despite hese complaints, we ve manageg.. to keep the peace. The hOtel and motel ownHe spoke highly of the ers, for example, met for 15 conduct among both t.he months before they were white and Negro commumties. ready to put a plan into GREAT PATIENCE operation. The chain, variBesides responsible leadety and department stores ership shouldered bY the took only six months. among Atlanta's downto Negroes, he said t hey demtl1eater owners did awa "In Atlanta, we had the onstrated patience "because with discrimination in May, benefit of having a great they knew the effort to de1962, and a year later, ll· deal of educated people in segregate was being made." cial barriers were dropp the Negro community who in the city's fire dep have provided very effecThe white pt>~ple, partir~ ment, the last municip 1 tive and responsible leader- ~ariy th~se with borderagency t o integrate. ship," Mayor Allen said. line feelings, controlled Atlanta's Success Explained CASE OF THE POOLS "On the other hand, the Whites • n Sava nnah SAVANNAH, Ga., July 13 (UP!l- Police tlroke up a prosegregation march today of about 100 whites who were led by a former detective carrying a revolver in his belt. It was the first march of its kind in the nation's racial turmoil which has been marked mainly by demonstrat ions conduct ed by integrationlst groups. NO TROUBLE There were no incidents. The whites, some carrying 1 Confederate flags, dispersed 1 peacefully when a police cap-. tain interrupted the march. They bad walked about three . blocks. The marchers were mostly members of the "Calvacade for White Americans," a local extreme segregationist group headed by Henry Brooks a former detective. Brooks said he carried a revolver because of telephone calls he has received threatening his family and home. The march began from a park in the city's outlying area after Brooks urged about 300 whites present to form a column and proceed to the downtown area. Negroes have conducted r 1 umerous anti . seg r e g at i o n m arches here and earlier this week police used tear gas to I disperse them. , "It's a shame when white people can't do the same things Negroes have been doing," Brooks said. The group returned to the park, piled into automobiles and a pickup truck and then paraded through town with their lights on and honking t heir horns. Crowds gathercri 1 at intesections and applauded them. Pollce mAintalned a close watch on the cars. I DANVILLE, Va., July 13 1,q, picketing by Negro civ I rights demonstra tors kept harried Danville police on the run today. By early evening, 14 pickets had been arrested and jailed. j The arrests stemmed from picketing 1n two downtown departmen~ stores by smal groups of placard-carrying marchers protesting alleged them s e Ives when they discriminatory hiring polimight have spoken or cies white people were willing fough~ against integration, The courts this year he to face up to the problem, he said. The first step took place that if Atlanta's swimmi get rid of their hyprocrisy pools were to open, th in September, 1961, when, The mayor will testify Atlanta is the business and realize the Inevitable. would have to be in before the Senate Com- in accordance with a court grated. On June 12, ti center of the southeast sit· order, Atlanta desegregated merce Committee current"Both white and &Jlored uated in a metropolitan pools did so and without ly holding hearings on the schools. knew the future of the area of 1.1 million. major incident. The following month, depublic accommodations title community depended on Of its 500,000 citizens, Last J une 18, the cit s it." of President Kennedy's civil partment, variety and chain 200,000 are Negro. 18 leading motels and hostores knocked down racial rights package. Throughout the desegretels volunt arily desegre gation mo v ement, there Among the 50.000 regisMayor Allen is hesitant barriers. gated and, a short time lat- have been repeated demon- tered to vote, 45,000 ore to appear boastful in disNegro. In January, 1962, all city er, Atlanta's 2~ major res- strations, but not serious. cussing Atlanta's triumph taurants followed suit. facilities were desegregated. Atlanta has six colleges · over segregation in the ra"We just took down the 'No "There have been some and universities that have cially troubled s outh. Colored' signs," Mayor Al· The city had no mister who thought we went too been traditionally Negro But he did say he has len said. plan for desegregatio11 but fast and others who claimed and of its 6000 city em, been contacted by civic ofin each instance apwopri· we were too slow," the ployes, 32 yper cent are ficials from across the counA voluntary agreement ate committees, usually bi· mayor said. Negro. March 14 More-Danville Jail Creaks racial, were set up to guide the process. J 1-SmaJl-scale I Thus, ittle by little, leaders in tl)e civil rights protest m o v e m e n t which began May 31 approached their declared objective of filling the local jail. Today·s arrests brought to 107 the number of demonstra- tors taken into custody and placed behind bars here since Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. called on Negroes to " fill . iup the jail" last Thursday. Four of those arrested have been released on bond. Six were juveniles and were turned over to their parents. The others refused bail. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document » Confederate flags, dispersed) i + _By CATHERINE MACKIN Herald-Examiner Gorrespondent With Hearst Headline Service WASHINGTON, July 13—Face the inevitable, obey the courts and get rid of hypocrisy—that’s the basic formula followed by Atlanta, Ga., in its progressive march towards peaceful desegregation. Atlanta’s mayor, Ivan Allen, has been asked to come here July 26 to tell Congress how this sys- tem works. So far, it's proyen very successful, and in an in- terview he told why. “In less than two years, industrial Atlanta—with a population 40 per cent Ne- gro—has integrated schools, public accommodations and employment with hardly a flurry of discontent, The mayor will testify before the Senate Com- merce Committee current- ly holding hearings on the public accommodations title of President Kennedy’s civil rights package. Mayor Allen is hesitant to appear boastful in dis- cussing Atlanta’s triumph over segregation in the ra- cially troubled South. But he did say he has try for clues to how it’s done. “I've heard from people in towns large and small and far too numerous to mention, “They all want to know how we went about it,” he said. Stated simpiy, if was court orders and voluntary decision. The first step took place in September, 1961, when, in accordance with a court order, Atlanta desegregated schools. The following month, de- partment, variety and chain stores knocked down racial barriers. In January, 1962, all city facilities were desegregated. “We just took down the ‘No Colored’ signs,” Mayor Al- Ten said. area after Brooks urged about) been contacted by civic of ficials from across the coun- — Atlanta's Success Explained among Atlanta’s downtown theater owners did away with discrimination in May, 1962, and a year later, Ya- cial barriers were dropperi in the city’s fire depart- ment, the last municipal agency to integrate, CASE OF THE POOLS) The courts this year heli that if Atlanta’s swimmi pools were to open, th would have to be ini grated. On June 12, t pools did so and without major incident. Last June 18, the citys 18 leading motels and ln: voluntarily desesre- tels gated and, a short time lat- er, Atlanta's 23 major fes- | taurants followed suit. The city had no master plan for desegregation but in each instance appropri- racial, were set up to guide the process. : The hotel and motel own- ers, for example, met for 15 months before they were ready to put a plan into operation. The chain, varl- ety and department stores took only six months. “In Atlanta, we had the benefit of having a great deal of educated people in the Negro community who have provided very. effec: tive and responsible leader- ship,” Mayor Allen said. “On the other hand, the white people were willing to face up to the problem, get rid of their hyprocrisy and realize the inevitable. “Both white and colored knew the future of the community depended on ite Throughout the desegre- gation Mevement, there have been repeated demon- strations, but not serious. “There have been some who thought we went too fast and others who claimed e were too slow,” the ayor said. “But, despite these com- plaints, we've managed, to keep the peace.” He spoke highly of the ‘conduct among both the white and Negro communi ties. GREAT PATIENCE Besidés responsible lead- ership shouldered by the Negroés, he said they dem- onstrated patience “because they knew the effort to de segregate was being made,” The white people, partic- ularly those with border- line feelings, controlled themselves when they might have spoken or fought against integration, he said. Atianta is the business center of the southeast sit- uated in a metropolitan area of 1,1 million, Of its 500,000 citizens, 200,000 are Negro. Among the 150,000 regis- tered to vote, 45,000 ore Negro. Atlanta has six colleges and universities that have been traditionally Negro and of its 6000 city em- ployes, 32 "per cent are Ae Sunday, July 14, 1963 coc ‘14 More- Danville Jail Creaks — | DANVILLE, Va., Ttily 13 1. | —Smallseale picketing by Negro: civil rights demonstra~ tors kept harried Danyille po- lice om the run today. By early evening, 14 pickets had | been arrested and jailed. The arrests stemmed from picketing in two downtown department stores by smali groups of \ placard-carrying marchers protesting allezed discriminatory hiring poli cies. “Thus, fittle by little, jead- ers in the civil rights pro- test movement which began May 31 approached their declared objective of filling the local jail. . Today's arrests brought ‘to. 107'the number of demonsfra- tors taken into custody and \placed behind bars \since Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Called on Negroes to “fill . }up the jail” last Thursday. | Wour of those arrested have |been released on bond. Six were juveniles and were here: | turned over to their parents. The others refused hail. A voluntary agreement i Whites | March in Savannah SAVANNAH, Ga., July 13) (UPI)X—Police broke up a pro- segregation march today of about 100 whites who were led by a former detective carrying | a revolver in his belt. It was the first march of its| kind in the nation’s racial| turmoil which has been| marked mainly by demonstra- tions conducted by integra: tionist groups. r NO TROUBLE There were no incidents.) The whites, some carrying, peacefully when a police cap- tain interrupted the march. They had walked about three blocks. | The marchers were mostly members of the “Calvacade for White Americans,” a local extreme segregationist ‘group headed by Henry | Brooks a former detective. | Brooks said he carried a revolver hecause of tele: phone calls he has received threatening his family and home, The march began from a) park in the city’s outlying, 800 whites present to form a) column and proceed to the downtown area. Negroes have conducted mu- merous anti - segregation marches here and earlier this week police used tear gas < disperse them. “It’s a shame when white people can’t do the same things Negroes have been doing,” Brooks said. The group returned to the) . park, piled into automobiles) and a pickup truck and then paraded through town with their lights on and honking their horns. Crowds gathered at intesections and applaud-| | ed them.. Police maintained! | a close watch on the cars. ate committees, usually bi- Negro. a  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 36 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/7b3a792a8b79c0a798220fc3358a78f0.pdf 716b6ecfbe27362720cd1d76f7106233 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Uneasy 1orrance Peace Negroes to Move On More .Builders l • REACTION to Marlon Brando's charge of racial bias in movie industry. Page A-2. An uneasy peace hung over the integrationroubled Southwood housing tract of Torrance yesterlay as a Negro family prepared to move into the L_ ouse on which developer·-...C-- - - - - -- - - s on Wilson accepted a ' $500 of tract homes in Southern II] eposit Friday. California," he said. "Those rn who don't agree to inteThere were no pickets at grate will face ·mass deme tract, no demonstrators onstrations an_d picketing." and few sightseers. Other Negro leaders were WIDEN DRIVE jubilant over their "victory" In reality, however, the though, and the Rev. H . H . peace at Southwood was lit- Brookins said the agreement & le more than a temporary reached with Wilson was an µmistice. Attorney Thomas "important breakthrough" in ~eusom of the National As- ending all segregation in this ociation ·tor the Advance- area. ent of Colored People said Wilson, on the other hand, ·s group intends to bring denied that he had ever disressure on other builders, criminated against Negro ow. buyers. "We will start work im"As I h a v e previously mediatel}I on every builder stated," he said, "it has not been and is not my policy to 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ discriminate ih the sale of my homes-anc a statement to that effect will be posted in my sales offices from now EXAMINER ~ on." ACCEPTS DEPOSIT ON STORY = ~ e, Page 1, Sedion 11 e, Page 4, Section He accepted the deposit Friday from Negro attorney Odis E Jackson on a single-story, E three · bedroom Southwood B E home priced at $30,000. 5 Jackson s a Id he had B picked the Southwood home = lllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllii (Continued on Paie 8, Cols. 2·3) � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document I> | Uneasy Torrance Peace | Negroes to Move On More Builders ® REACTION to Marlon Brando’s charge of racial bias in movie industry. Page A-2. An uneasy peace hung over the integration-| roubled Southwood housing tract of Torrance yester- lay as a Negro family prepared to move into the iouse on which developer jon Wilson accepted a° $500 posit Friday. | There were no pickets at he tract, no demonstrators -and few sightseers. WIDEN DRIVE In reality, however, the peace at Southwood was lit- ile more than a temporary armistice. Attorney Thomas Neusom of the National As- sociation for the Advance- ment of Colored People said his group intends to bring pressure on other builders, now. “We will start work im- mediatelygon every builder COTTE EXAMINER ON STORY re, Page 1, Section B le,” Page 4, Section B LACNUMONGOATONOTONTRO NONI EES MUNEOTEROONE of tract homes in Southern California,” he said. “Those who don’t agree to inte- grate will face mass dem- onstrations and picketing.” Other Negro leaders were jubilant over their “victory” though, and the Rev. H. H. Brookins said the agreement reached with Wilson was an “important breakthrough” in jending all segregation in this area. Wilson, on the other hand, denied that he had ever dis- criminated against Negro buyers. “As I have _ previously stated,” he said, “it has not been and is not my policy to discriminate ih the sale of my homes—ane a statement to that effect will be posted in my sales offices from now on.” ACCEPTS DEPOSIT He accepted the deposit Fri- day from Negro attorney Odis Jackson on a _ single-story,|, three - bedroom Southwood home priced at $30,000. Jackson said he had Picked the Southwood home HUTTE LETHE NAAATA IATL (Continued on Page 8, Cols. 2-3) ee PA ni  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 35 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/ed07cf3b273b86d806017f3dfbe19a64.pdf 1b74cd0b3e2fe1c25950ab4b527afd53 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Los Angeles Herald-Examlaer Long, Smathers Sunday, July 14, 1963 1 I: The South Rises - to Fight Marchers Will Defy Guard !From UPI a nd AP> mission recommended it, WASHINGTON, July 13- but now he flip-flops and Sen. Russell B. Long, D-La., comes out with a complete vowed today to oppose one surrender to minority presor President Kennedy's civil sure groups. rights proposals "until hell The Louisiana senator said freezes over. Then I propose he would like to see a nato start fighting on the ice." tional referendum on the Sen. George Smathers, civil rights legislation. He D·Fla., also came out in op- acknowledged there was no position to features of the chance of such a ·vote being President's program and an- held but said that if it was, nounced he would filibuster "the civil rights bill would against the overall legisla- be voted down." Smathers said: ' "I think tion. Long objected to the Presi- .. . that the tax reduction dent's request that the gov- bill which would stimulate ernment be empow~red to the economy- and provide cut off Fed~ral funds m_are~s more jobs for all of our wher~ racial segregat10:r:1 IS peop l e- and particularly pra?tI~ed. In a trans?r~bed the Negro citizen is much radio mterv1ew for Loms1ana more h,elpful . . . and much stations, Long commented: more beneficial in the long CAMBRIDGE, Md., July 13 leaders, defying the National Guard's ban on demonstrations. have served notice they will resume street marches Monday in an effort to break down racia). barriers. IA'! -Negro "Our people are restless. They want their freedom and they are determined to acquire those legitimate rights which have been too long denied them," said a statement by the Cambridge Non-Violent Action Committee. Assail Rights Bill I The committee is headed "President Kennedy originally said he was opposed to such power being given to the Chief Executive when the Civil Rights Com- by Mrs. Gloria Richardson, run th an the so-called sort of visionary rights which he talks about and the socalled civil rights bill." militant integrationist leader. What will happen when the National Guard confronts the The Florida senator said demonstrators remains to be he will not support( a section seen. Last night about 250 of the President's program m archers dispersed when which would desegregate priBrig. Gen. George M. Gelston vate businesses serving the quietly notified them they would be violating militia law, invoked by Gov. J. Millard Tawes. The integrationists praised the guard for its "impartial" handling of the tense situation, but accused Gov. Tawes A SOCI ETY O F HIS OWN - As members of the of "inaction and lack of posiWASHINGTON, July 13 lil'!. NAACP began pie keting privately- wned St. Louis tive leadership." The Justice Department 11as Tawes has turned down deamusement parks, so did Ernest Meixner. Astride a asked the courts to reopen mands for a special legislawhite mule, he called for a National Association fo r voter registration in Jackson, Always on the Dot when you tive session. t he Advancement of White People, and picketed Miss., shut down a week ago Under watchful eyes of 400 at the l'ieight of a Negro regisGuardsmen, the city dist he pickets. However, there were no erious incidents. trat!on drive. Travel In Atty. Gen. Robert F. Ken· played an uneasy semblance Jersey of normalcy today. There nedy, announcing the filing was no immediate sign of a of a suit in Jackson, said further outt'>reak of racial the action was taken only violence. I ·f 1 ff rt b th 0 The day wore on without I ~t;!:m~~ah:d f.!1e~ t! trouble. Gelston said he was I get voluntary reopening. s izes 16½ to 24½ thinking o~ relaxing some j Named as defendants in the and 38 to 52 of the drastic curbs cla143.215.248.55d (Continued fr"om Page 1) had arrested for trespassing,suit were the registrar, H. T. P u re acetate jersey, on the town under m1hba in Southwood. IAshford Jr., and the state of drapes so gracefully, law. _ "because it is a good home Jackson and his wife, Alyce,1Mississippi. ~ ht and a good buy." He ·denied shies fro m creasing, · For example, he mig I that any integration group were present at ~he press con-1 The suit said Ashford asked packs a n d unpacks change the off-the-streets cur-, f. . th h ference and said they were the Hinds county circuit court from 9 P m to 10 P m was mancmg e pure ase, " h " b t wn , few always ready to b " · · . ·. but declined to say where very appy a ou son s to close registration on July .worn. Youthfu l styl We ar~ _3!SO mveSt igat~gl the necessary loan was be- agreement to .sell them a 3 and an order was promptly the poss1b1llty ~f allowmg . d home. issued Glosing all registr ation with a cardigan nee . · package goods liquor stores mg arrange · line, skirt of unpress Meanwhile Torrance police TROUBLE? m the county until after the to reopen··· we know peoplel· ' Nov 5 election pleats. Wh ite. dott are bringing liquor into cam- breathed a sigh of relief. Asked if they expected any · .· . black or navy blue bridge and we feel it's not T ~ e i r vacation schedule, trouble from their new neigh- Ashford said his ~mall staff fa'.ir for the package goods lWhich had been suspended bors or others, Mrs. Jackson was overburdened m prepa_r· stores to be penalized " he during the recent Southwood replied: mg for the Aug. 6 Democratic ____ ' picketing an d demonstra"No. 1 don't, really. How· primary, in which 138 name~ said, tions, was restored according ever, if anything s h o u 1 d will be on the ballot. . happen, I hope that I shall But the department deto Lt. Swayne Johnson. Even the "token" picket be able to face it intelli· ,clared Ashford sought the Louisville line, which leaders of the gently." ·order closing registration "to Congress of Racial Equality The Jacksons have a five- frustrate the Negro registrahad indicated would con- year-old son, Eric, who would tion drive, thereby perpetuattinue outside the Southwood be the only Negro child en- ing the imbalan ce between City Jobs sales office until the Jack- rolled in a Torrance school. the percentage of Negro and LOUISVILLE, Ky., July 13 sons actually move in, failed But Jackson said no trouble white persons registered in m-Mayor William Cowger to appear Saturday morning. is expected there since the the county." issued an executive order AGREEMENT boy already attends a private - - -today banning discrimina· Wilson's acceptance of the school and will probably not It's Her First tion by contractors doing deposit-and his agreement be enrolled locally. business with the city, ef- to meet other demands of At present, the couple live fective. Aug I. ,the integrationist group - in a rented home in west Los Years In_ an ad~inistrative di- Jwere disclosed F~iday at a Angeles. LONDON, July 13 (A'!-Dr. The Negro salesman, Wil· rective to city department 1press conference m Wilson's heads, the mayor said to- general offices at Gardena. son explained, is already Margaret Murray, n o t e d day a clause will be in· I In his own statement, Wil- employed by him at another Egyptologist and specialist serted in contracts and bid Ison said he had met with of his tracts - but will be on witchcraft, is celebratinvitations requiring con· 1heads of the NAACP and the shifted tn t he future to sell ing her 100th birthday here. Her 90,000-word autobitractors to bar discrimina- United Civil Rights Commit- houses at various t racts tion beca1;1s~ of race, c~eed, t~e F'.riday morning, after he without regard to predomi· ography, "My First Hundred co!o~, religion or national /dismissed charges against 40 nant racial character of the Years," was published· yesongm. me bers of CORE whom he areas. terday. Courts Get Jacks·on Voting Suit PICKETING THE ~ICKETS The p•ICkef 5 V:an1s •h In Torrance Peace . only I Ba ns Bias In 100 1 , 699 public or a provisfon to authorize the attorney general to bring school integration suits. ~mathers said he doesn 't thmk Southern opponents can cond~ct a successful f!li~uster without some Republlcan help. SUMMER SPECIAL FUR RESTYtlNG FREE PICKUP & DELIVERY PL. 3-7351 MANCHEY U22 sq � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Los Angeles Herald-Examiner | Sunday, uy 14,1968 | | & I CAMBRIDGE, Md., July. 13) | | @®—Negto leaders, defying! the National Guard’s ban on! demonstrations, have served | notice they will resume street) ‘Marches Monday in an effort} to break down racial barriers. . “Our people are restless. | They want their Pe and they are determined to acquire those legitimate | rights which have been too | long denied them,” said a | statement by the Cam- bridge Non-Violent Action a ittee. The committee is headed) by Mrs. Gloria Richardson,| militant integrationist leader. | _ What will happen when the} | National Guard confronts the! demonstrators remains to be} seen. Last night about 250 lard Te Tic me cations praised | the guard for its “ampartial” | a accused Gov.’ = 0 of ‘inaction and lack of posi- | tive leadership.” A rmed down de-| NAACP began picketing amusement parks, so did —Astociated Press Wirephoto PICKETING THE PICKETS A SOCIETY OF HIS OWN — As members of the privately-owned St. Louis Ernest Meixner. Astride a white mule, he called for a National Association for the Advancement of White People, and picketed the pickets. However, there-were no serious incidents. ‘played an uneasy semblance) — of normalcy: today. There| ; was no immediate sign of of a further outbreak of rail violence, The day wore on without | trouble. Gelston said he was | a g of relaxing some 2 rasta curbs clamped | on the town under militia law, ‘For example, he ‘might hange the off-the-streets cur- few from 9 p.m. to10 p.m. “We are also investigating) the possibility of allowing| package goods liquor stores ing arranged. to reopen... we know people, Meanwhile, Torrance police are bringing ‘liquor ‘nto Gam:-! |breathed a sigh of relief. bridge and we feel it's noti ‘Their vacation schedule, fair for the package goods siwhich had been suspended stores to, be penalized,” he! during the recent Southwood said, [picketing and demonstra jtions, was restored according ito Lt. Swayne Johnson. Even the “token” picket line; which leaders of fhe Congress of Racial Equality ,|had indicated would eon- tinue outside the Southwood Sales office until the Jack- isons actually move in, failed fo appear Saturday morning. - Continued from Page 1) “pponiise it is a good home and a good buy.” He denied that any integration group | was financing the purchase, but declined to say where the necessary loan was be- Louisville Bans Bias In City Jobs | LOUISVILLE, Ky., July 13 | {#—Mayor William Cowger _— - executive order AGREEMENT ay banning discrimina- | wijson’s acceptance of the tion by contractors: op jdeposit—and his agreement business with the city, ef- to meet other demands of fective Aug 1. ithe integrationist group — In an administrative di- | were disclosed Friday at a fective to city department ‘press conference in Wilson's - Heads, the mayor said te- general offices at Gardena. day a clause will be in-| In his own statement, Wil- -serted in contracts and bid |son seid he had met with invitations requiring con- jheads of the NAACP and the tractors to bar diserimina- |United Civil Rights Commit: The Pickets Vanish ‘In Torrance Peace had arrested for trespassing in Southwood. ; were present at the DEeSS con: ference. and said they were} “very happy” about Wilson’s| agreement to sell them a home, TROUBLE? Asked if they expected any trouble from their new neigh- bors or others; Mrs. Jackson replied: “No. don't, really, How- ever, if anything should happen, I hope that 1 shall be able te face it intelli- gently.” The Jacksons have a five- year-old son, Eric, who would be the only Negro child en- rolied in a Torrance school. But Jackson said no trouble is expected there since the boy already attends a private be enrolled Jocally. Angeles. The Negro salesman, Wil- son explained, is already employed by him at another of his tracts — but will be shifted in the future to sell houses at Various tracts tion because of race, creed, tee Friday morning, after he color, ‘Teligion or national \dismissed charges against 40 members of CORE Wesey he without regard to predomi- nant racial character of the arenes school and will probably not At present, the couple live! in a rented home in West Los {From UPI and AP) WASHINGTON, July 18 — sen. Russell B. Long, D-La.,| yowed today to oppose one rights proposals “until hell} freezes over. Then I propo: to start fighting on the | Sen. George Smather DFla., also came out position to features of President’s program and nounced he would ib) against the overall | tion. dent’s request, isuit were | oe | The ithe Hinds ' jto close regi. )3 and an order was issued closing all r in the county un! after he Nov. 5 election. ej Ashford said his small ; || was overburdened in prepar- | ing for the Aug: 6 Democratic primary. in which 138 names) will be on the ballot: clared Ashford sought ti order hee regist ing the qrabalan pebwect white persons registered . the county.” lt’s Her First 100 Years LONDON, July 13 (7—Dr Margaret; Murray, noted Egyptologist and specialist on witchcraft, is celebrat- ing her 100th birthday here. Her 90,000-word atitobi- Years,” was published :yes- | terday. of President Kennedy's civil] | Long, Smathers Assail Rights Bill The South Rises—to Fight | mission erovorii ened it, |public or a provision to au- but he flip-flops and |thorize the attorney general|}| ‘comes with. a complete |to bring school integration rsurrender to minority pres- | suits, | | Smathers said he doesn’t) think Southern opponents can conduct a successful fili- the! | buster some Repub- the percentage of Negro and ography, “My First Hundred | j  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 34 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/02a706a9a2728138990e3d434f401653.pdf 0f03b629e551204884bcffd34f968898 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Negro Held In Car-Bump Melee Case r !l- ._. - A young Negro, arrested during the weekend after a melee that grew out of a mi nor rearend collision of two cars, has been bound over to Fulton Criminal Court on a charge of assaitlt and battery. The Negro, Robert Lee Freema n, 22, of 756 Capitol Ave., was placed under a $500 bond. At the same hearing the judge dismissed a related charge of assault and battery against a white man, Warren D. Young, 23, of Rte. 2, Lithonia . Detective H. A. Quave said he was told that the white man was struck with a brick and the ~egro with a wrench during the 1elee. Both men were treated at rady Hospital for head wounds. The affray occurred after the ~man's car bumped or jarred rear of Young's at a street rsection. l To Cl, Gov. speake Chamt banqw at 7 Depot Bai Year Char said cam indt in f M exp ,, � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 33 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/fe4ef8b0413ebe1eaf03abefe4ffa7dc.pdf 3a44bc082f88e73bd326344f1ed3ae30 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. ,,. 'How Numerous Swimmers Now?' The Editors: It would be interesting to know just what the attendance is at the formerly white city swimming pools. Yesterday I cow1ted two people in the Oakla11d city pool ar ound 6 o'clock. Last year when my children used the pool there would be several hundred still there at that time. Earlier Silllday afternoon, just after the pool opened, the entrance of about six Negroes practically emptied the pool of what white persons were there. The Negro speaks of moral ' rights and not obeying laws that he does not believe to be just. Is it morally r ight for a few such as the six Negroes to deny hundreds of whites their rights i:Jacause they do not care Lo bathe with them in public? ·· PERRY STEPHENS. Atlanta. I I"' • � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 14, Document 32 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 14 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963