2 20 35 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/9d931a3523a64a5641d49f74bfdcf809.pdf 24bdca33fb1fa9fa5fb27710879c923c Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. · I ! Cientlemen, I bav the honor. privilege ano r spon ibility of erving a.a Mayol" of th leadin Southea tern City of Atlanta, Ci orgia .. Atlanta has a City population of li htly over 500, 000 ople and a m tropolitan population lightly over 1, 100, 000 peopl • Th,e 500, 000 peopl that make up the central City of Atlan consist of 300, 000 whit c:itizen and sli htly ov r ZOO, 000 Ne ro citizeiis.. In gel'J; ral, Atlan 60% whit and 40% Ne ro. i Nowhere i _ the probl mot th bwtwe limin tion of di . crimination the race mor pr v 1 nt th.an it is to the local el cted offiei ith nd solv tbi - probl m creat d by circ who must wre tle b yond bi control and n ignor d by th r 1 nd deliJ.lition to the olution. brought into foe I peak ,o f the problem i nor d by th Pre ident and Congre F c d daily ,t,h th i- definition or We c h re of th t b lp vin hould b en nd then en rally United S ~ th Feder t ,. Couts, loc • of the Uni d Stat tio who almost un•olvabl probl m 0£ th · imination of di crimina.tion a, dir eted often wond rtie pon ibl by Supreme Court d ci iona tanc s ln th • luti offic l• m · t atan in offerla& of th molt dlfilcult t loo wit amu me.nt ••• U ot au.a tional elo ••• • d cial �Page Z of the Supreme Court and offer no relief to the dilemma that local official$ are confronted with in carrying out these decisions. You gentlemen must be conscious of the fact that whereas President Kennedy \ has made two appointments to the Court and there are Eisenhower appointments and Truman appointtnents and Roosevelt appointments. only the Senate of the United States has as an lected body the continuing function ov r the yea.r ,s of approving 11 the e appointme11ts. o{ What I an'l sayin • gentlemen is ... This is your Court that ha.a brought into fo.eu d it overall makeup through the y~ar • could have chan 0£ our conviction , feelings or emotion in the matter Re ardl of racial discrimination,, th sbnple fa.c ts. this problem and only you Th s tim has come h n e must fac ither .. -· w mu t elimiaat facts a.r \1P to radal discrimination or you must provid a legal m ans for a two - CJ ·•te sy tem d c rry out thr,o u h 1 in thia country to d l with au.ch probl m hen it e11bta in v ~, atat· in You loc 1 succ aa • ystem. m rlc ve d Yo al nactment for local officials cannot contl :u to y t t this ia local ll:I early very city ln America -- 1n n rly -- and all c,:oae th N tion. b J:' to iv . you the r ve p obl m . ck ro d o( Uan ' B · sicaUy · ccepted th in vita.bility f e Go r t'a y �P age 3 decisions an.d attempted to solve them by local cooperation. It hould perfe~tly plain that the solution in every instance granted to the b Negro citizen rights which white American citizens and American business had previously reserved to themselves as speci l privileges. privileges have been carried out by a multitude of local and The e jtt/,tk/lvUtd statewide ordinances that providcid for segregation in every conceivable form. instanc I make it perfectly plain to you gentlem n that in not single bav we enhanced or retained segregated privileges where we have. dealt with thi matter. F ollowing a s d courses and bu e of r a onable desegretation such s in the so• , Atla.nt s golf took the follo in m jor step in the e r ly 60' s : D te Are A ction 9/61 School Cou rt ord r 10/ 61 D 1:tm n t vari ty lunch c unt r l / 62 Ci ty Facilities 5/ 6Z 5/ 3 6/ 63 /63 ' 3 nd arta th. No ro fir m n bir d wimmlng pool• 1 leadi hotel tot s vol untary a c tion • vol un ry (city official•) tre s vol'Wl ry • ohm r y (clty o£ficiala) Court or ~ - vol ta.ry d ciaio 'to o pool (city o!ficiab) ry y • \ �Page 4 In each instance voluntary action consi ted of coo 'J: tiv action between. operators of affected business.e s and respon ibl Negro 1 adership. \ You can r adily see that in some instances this has been under Court action and in other instances has be n voluntary prior to Court action. In ch in tance it has r ulted in the .vbite citizen givini up pecial pdvileg s which h enjoyed unde.- a re ·u1ted in th. N gro ditizen gr g ted society and ha ing given rights which U other ople d and which he did not pr viou ly njoy. It would be transition h in ven d b 11 for m n and ho t this tixn • egre atio-n conventions to little ct it th N Out of hu.ndr d f cts 1 n to you how limited thi xpl ro citizen ean of r hot 1-, th Ne ro citlz n Uj abov The hotel plan i don oes bav be n • a whol te taurants in Atlanta, s than fUty of th m . d lthou b promin nt Ne rtici ldom aho cc pt d in e v r 1 up. With ZOO, 000 N aro citiz ne ln Atl n • on or Atlanta• le: ding r s urabta th r d •ixt e ot them to dtne/lbiti. durin th Cir t w k o! it d gJ"e ation d h&a not of economic doea ot in lo e, eco d y inc thi day. All of thl • aentl me , i d it ehould be r mem i-ed t y w y indicate that lt will be udc 1r u.pa. a q etio t th right tc u•e eomethi • d 4t or mhua d by t �Page 5 The bove tatements concern th actual change in .Atlanta' elimination of diacdmination. May I now ubmit to you my per onal r aaons why w think Atlanta ha resolved some of these probl ms wherea cities. the solution ha se m d to . \ in oth r Southern impos ibl and trife and conflict have re . ult d. It t for m ould be delegation from a gr t E st rn city that 600. 000 conai tin of in xc c e to Atl w r ta to determin enjoyi a to de cribe a r c nt vi it of an offici Negro population of ov r by w They h d gon furth r with ucc t conomic: pro perity wher r popul tion. of ZOo/• of their whol d they vin unlimit d racial probl m . and un mployment rate of approxima ly thr e tim • 1 m not r cial V of t Atl ce bl' OD to e eonomic pr.o pertty. that How ver, in Atl lf d polltl th ita Ne ro po ln.t r t • th two tf.on. 1 do ot d carried out by the City Gov rnm nt maelve• wlt u ffort to aolva d ould rdly b lie ts of Atlanta hacl int ey are c;onvinced that all ol our c;lvlc bodl • inter •t rily r f rring tlcm im y did not und r tand ln ••• civic c: med it c th r. Thia dele c . •• U ve eked by tly tU yet p&1 le ve d.aily c:o ce:rn d r grave•t problem -- N d that i �--------- P ge 6 race relation • Gentlemen. Atlanta ha not sw pt thi omctimes under Court order - Step by st p - the rug , t any point. sometimes voluntarily moving cad of pre and many tim v clums~l,y - w que tion und r ur - soDletimes tri d to find a droitly - olution through an gre ment betw en th effected whit ownership and the Ne ro l · d r hip to ach of th se probl m • To do this w have not ppoin't d a huge bi-i-acial eommitte·e that atop-gap for every cone ivable q11.estion, but on th oth r band becom ch tim th probl m come into focu , own rs to deal with the top N gro 1 r e have .... or hotel owner the top N gro le dere • or voluntarily c rtain r th th top Negro 1 dr c 0th r ded w r they ha tor Morri• ro '*lit t why I thin r N ro due tion in the e bay. orld. . d Collea • loca din id o r Th y are Atl 11ta UDiveraUy. Clark Coll•g • Mor Colle lt aometim a f 1 d. ' Tbet ar •ix gr at Negro Univ raiti • Chy limit•. d ch an amic ble olutio • · to xplaln to yo cent . r of big tlanta. l• taurant owner ve work d. qually aa hard and in many lnsta ces hav fail d and U 1 ould U •ucc to de l with d rehip , and by developing the line . of community bility, we have been bl cut • ppoln d the tre , • Spelman Colleae a 4 a 1 • t umber 0£ in lli1 nt. re • Uy. A1 a eeult ,f \ �pg 7 high r e ducation t bu ine y have bad th capacity to de community. lo lop a great N tla.nta it con i ts of financial in tltutions like bank - building and loan a ociation - lif insurance companie • lik, th Atlanta Life Insurance Company • cha.in drug tor In fact, th y ha.v · d velo dealer·s . tlanta there i a tron daily N gro n £ mily • tlley o But it 1 nte chain of No ro citi and busin a community that c: rri cltb la. T ord "con · rvatlv d c:onomic y simply realie •• righte tbaD it le to er d of obtatnln th a rights them el Atlanta Daily ck d by !ts voice to the • iroua of adclitlonal civil Amelie paper - T tron ! ct.or. per with ve ted inter . ta Do not be mbl d by th d anoth r ly and w ekliea thl'oughout th country. atl'ength of ducated r U o i promin nt Ne ro 1 mily - dl Scott Own d and oper t d by World. . - r al e tat d, I beli ve, in almost evei-y line of cknowledg d Am dean bus in s • Then th r In ro · •· ir a th y ar · raonal ri ht• any t it :la mor impoJ'taAt to d monetrat1 •· And it i t th y con tantly ddr •• \ � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Gentlemen, I have the honor, privilege and responsibility of serving as Mayor of the leading Southeastern City of Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta has a City population of slightly over 500, 000 people and a metropolitan population slightly over 1,100,000 people. The 500, 000 people that make up the central City of Atlanta consists of 300, 000 white citizens and slightly over 200, 000 Negro citizens. In general, Atlanta is 60% white and 40% Negro. Nowhere is the problem of the elimination of discrimination bwtween the races more prevalent than it is to the local elected official who must wrestle with and solve this problem created by circumstances beyond his control and then ignored by the responsible parties who should lend definition to the solution. 1 speak of the problem as having been brought into focus by Supreme Court decisions and then generally ignored by the President and Congress of the United States. Faced daily with the steven unsolvable problem of the elimination of discrimination as directed by the Federal Courts, local officials must often wonder where the Congress of the United States stands in offering definition or explanation in the solution of the most difficult national problem that we have ever had. We cannot help but look with amusement. . . if not suspicion. . . as certain members of the Congress and the Senate denounce the decisions Page 2 of the Supreme Court and offer no relief to the dilemma that local officials are confronted with in carrying out these decisions, You gentlemen must be conscious of the fact that whereas President Kennedy has made two appointments to the Court and there are Eisenhower appointments and Truman appointments and Roosevelt appointments, only the Senate of the United States has as an elected body the continuing function over the years of approving all of these appointments. Whatlam saying, gentlemen is -- This is your Court that has brought into focus this problem and only you could have changed its overall makeup through the years. Regardless of our convictions, feelings or emotions in the matter of racial discrimination, the time has come when we must face up to simple facts, These facts are either --- we must eliminate racial discrimination or you must provide a legal means for a two-caste system in this country and carry out through legal enactment for local officials to deal with such a system. You cannot continue to say that this is a local problem when it exists in 4d4# nearly every city in America -- in nearly every state in America -- and all across the Nation. You have asked me here to give you the background of Atlanta's local success in dealing with this grave problem. Basically we have only been successful because we accepted the inevitability of the Court's Page 3 decisions and attempted to solve them by local cooperation. It should be perfectly plain that the solution in every instance granted to the Negro citizen rights which white American citizens and American business had previously reserved to themselves as special privileges. These privileges have been carried out by a multitude of local and dfalth/ Whild statewide ordinances that providdd for segregation in every conceivable form, I make it perfectly plain to you gentlemen that in not a single instance have we enhanced or retained segregated privileges where we _ have. dealt with this matter. Following a series of reasonable desegregation such as golf courses and busses in the 50's, Atlanta took the following major steps in the early 60's: Date Area Action 9/61 Schools Court order 10/61 Department & variety stores voluntary action * lunch counters 1/62 City Facilities voluntary (city officials) 5/62 Downtown and arts theatres voluntary * 5/63 Negro firemen hired voluntary (city officials) 6/63 Swimming pools Court order - voluntary decision to open pools (city officials) 6/63 18 leading hotels voluntary * 6/63 Approximately 33 leading restaurants voluntary * Page 4 * In each instance voluntary action consisted of cooperative action between operators of affected businesses and responsible Negro leadership. You can readily see that in some instances this has been under Court action and in other instances has been voluntary prior to Court action. In each instance it has resulted in the white citizen giving up special privileges which he enjoyed under a segregated society and has resulted in the Negro ditizen being given rights which all other people had and which he did not previously enjoy. It would be well for me to explain to you how limited this transition has been and how little of it the Negro citizen can participate in even at this time. Out of hundreds of restaurants in Atlanta, the above desegregation affects less than fifty of them, The hotel plan is based on conventions and although prominent Negwoes have been accepted in several hotela, the Negro citizen hdé as a whole seldom shows up. With 200, 000 Negro citizens in Atlanta, one of Atlanta's leading restaurants had sixteen of them to dine/ ine during the first week of its desegregation and has not had any since this day. All of this, gentlemen, is a question ef economics and it should be remembered that the right to use something does not in any way indicate that it will be used ¢f or misused by the lower economic groups. Page 5 The above statements concern the actual changes in Atlanta's elimination of discrimination, May I now tubmit to you my personal reasons why we think Atlanta has resolved some of these problems whereas in other Southern cities, the solution has seemed to be impossible and strife and conflict have resulted. It would be best for me to describe a recent visit of an official delegation from a great Eastern city that has a Negro population of over 600, 000 eonsketing of in excess of 20% of their whole population. They came to Atlanta to determine why we had gone further with success and were enjoying a great economic prosperity whereas they were having unlimited racial problems and an unemployment rate of approximately three times of what Atlanta's was. Iam not necessarily referring that racial peace brings economic prosperity. However, in Atlanta, the two have gone together. This delegation simply did not understand and would hardly beliefe that the business, civic and political interests of Atlanta had intently concerned itself with its Negro population. I do not believe until yet that they are convinced that all of our civic bodies backed by the public interest and carried out by the City Government have daily concerned themselves with an effort to solve our gravest problem -- fi/ and that is Page 6 race relations, Gentlemen, Atlanta has not swept this question under the rug at any point. Step by step - sometimes under Court order - sometimes voluntarily moving ahead of pressures - sometimes adroitly - and many times clumsily - we have tried to find a solution through an _ agreement between the effected white ownership and the Negro leadership te each of these problems, To do this we have not appointed a huge bi-racial committee that becomes a stop-gap for every conceivable question, but on the other hand with time the problem has come into focus, we have appointed theatre owners to deal with the top Negro leaders - or hotel owners to deal with the top Negro leaders - or voluntarily certain restaurant owners dealt with the top Negro leadership , and by developing the lines of community and respectability, we have been able to reach an amicable solution. Other cities have worked equally as hard and in many instances have failed and Kd I would like to explain to you Whbs/1 why I think we have succeeded where they have sometimes failed, Atlanta is the center of higher Negro education in the world, There are six great Negro Universities and Colleges located inside our City limits, They are Atlanta University, Clark College, Morehouse, Morris Brown College, Spelman College and an interdenominational religious seminary, As a result of higher education being available in the area,@i/a great number of intelligent, well-trained Negro citizens have chosen to remain in this city. As a result of their training and Page 7 higher education they have had the capacity to develop a great Negro business community. In Atlanta it consists of financial institutions like banks - building and loan associations - life insurance companies, ‘ like the Atlanta Life Insurance Company - chain drug stores - real estate dealers. Im fact, they have developed, I believe, in almost every line of acknowledged American business, Then there is another strong factor. In Atlanta there is a strong daily Negro newspaper - The Atlanta Daily World, Owned and operated by a prominent Negro family - the Scott . family - they operate a chain of daily and weeklies throughout the country. But it is the strength of a daily newspaper with vested interests backed by an educated religious and business community that carries its voice to the Negro citizens, Do not be misled by the word "conservative" as they are as desirous of additional civil and economic and personal rights as any American citizen is. They simply realize that it is more important to obtain these rights than it is to create demonstrations. And it is to the end of obtaining these rights that they constantly address themselves,  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 20 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/b0049b88bb5f1f5659ac303f5ffd720c.pdf ef405467f0c0648dfa593c3933574c4b Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Gentl men, I hav-e the honor, privilege and r sponsi hility of Mayo7 oi the leading South a tern Ci ty of Atlanta., Georgia. rving a I Atlan.t a ha a Ci ty population of li htly oveJi' 500, 000 people and a m tropoli tan popul tion lightly over l , 100, 000 people. people that make up the c ntral Ci ty o:£ Th 500, 000 \ tlant c on i st of 300, 000 . bite citizen and slightly over ZOO, 000 Negro citiz n • In en ral, Atlanta i 60% whi te and 40% Ne,g ro. o here ii the probl mot th elim . b tween th rac ho must more prevalent than it i to th local electe-d offiei re tie with and . olve thi - problem ere ted by ci rcum tanee beyond hi con.trol lend defini'tio d then ignor d by t to th brought into toe i nor tion ol. discrimination by tb Pr olution. by Suprem l r pon lbl rtie pe k of th problem ving b e Co\U't d ci ioae nd then t id nt and Congre • of th United S • ac d daily wltb Ui·· almost un olvable probl mo! th ot di criminatlon r esofth U ited 5 d finitlo 01' m W ee a• ce_r v · ever ot lp ber1 ft t • nda In off ring of th moat dilflcult • lu · t im!nation dir et d by th F deral Court , local official• mu t d.er p1'0 ho hould tional d. mue m nt. • • U ot re•• a 1 clo ... �Pagel of the Supreme Court and offer no relief to the dilemma that local officials are confr-o nted with in carrying out these decisions. You gentlemen must be conscious of the fact that whereas P resident Kennedy ha.a made two a p pointments to the Court and there are Eisenhower a pointm nts and Trum an appointment and Roo evelt appointrrl! nts, only the Senate of the Uni.ted States has as an elec:ted body the continuing :function ov r the ye rs of What l am aying,. gentlemen is -- ppointm nts . a pproving all of the& This is your Cour t _that has brought into focu this problem and only you could have c hanged its overall makeup through the years. Reg rc:ll of our conviction , fe lings or emotion in the matter of racial di crimin tion, Tb a simple fact • hen we mu t f c e tim ha come f ct a.r . either --- w discrit:nination or you mu t p~ovide U\\Uit le al mean for in this country and c rry out through legal nact · to d . l . ith such ro v y tem. m wh n it ldat in ry t Yo in Amerlc v -- sk d m ,,1 e rly d all her to • ful cce nt for loc official · a local t this i v ry city in Am riea -- i cro · rly n the N tion. iv you th r ve problem. d r&ci l o-c ste sy tem You cannot COAtlnu to say t loc l au.cc as in de Un with this su elimin t up to ck ro of Atlanta 1 ically e in vitability ! v only e Co rt•• �Page 3 deci s ion and ttempted to ol v It hould them by loc 1 cooperation. be perfectly pl ln that the solution in every instance granted to the Negro citizen rights which white American citizens and American business had previou ly r erved to them elves as speci l privilege • privilege have been carried out by a multitude of l ocal and tatewide ordi form. n.c es that provtddd for ve d ellhanced or r jt;J,tkJ-1,hA.td in d aegr gated privil g in.gle wher we It with thi . matt r . ri cour e egr gation in every cone iw.ble 1 make it p rfectly plain to you gentlemen that .i n not instanc Th, in th • and bu of r a on ble de egre · ation such 50' , golf tl nta took tb followin m jor tep in the e rly 60' : Act1o Date Court ord r 9/61 School 10/61 D l'tment ltmch C 1/ City F cilitie volUD.tary (c:J.ty ofiiciah) Do vol~,_..,• Z 5/62. to ri ty tor nd arta the tr • 5/63 vol 6/63 wimmi I pool• l J volun ry action• lead! tarr (city fficial•) Coul"t order • volun ry de i•i ,o pool• (city offieiale) r1 • .., * �Page 4 In each instanc · volwitary ction consist d 0£ cooperative action b tween o pon. ibl r rator of affected bu ines e nd Ne ro lead r hip. You can readily see that in ome in tan.c s thi ha Court action ction. din oth r instance In · wbicb he enjoyed unde:r ulted in. t e N gro ditiz n d ry prior to Court · re ulted in the white citizen giving up epecial privil r been volun been und r d wbic:b h did not previou ly It would tran Uion ba ing giv n ri ht whicb all oth r people njoy. well for me to xpl in to you how limited tbia n nd ho m ven t thb time. d e little of it th N gro citi en can Out of h of r dr d d althou h prominent N botele, th N ro cltiz n U~ aa a T le hot 1 v, 0 te abov urant in Atlanta, rea tio aff ct le a than fifty of them. convention rtici b ea ace pted in ev r hole s ldom •ho a up. With 200. 000 Ne ro citb na in Atlanta, one of Atlanta' d e1xte a d of eco of th m to din t bad • m • y tl du ince tbia day. & t fir t All of thl•• U ebould be r membered doe• not ha an way lndlcat l w r ecc>nomic :r p.. tio g t1 me , l• a ueatlon t the ri t it WW. be uaed ~t to us • methlng or mbueed y �Pae 5 The abov tat m uto c onc ern the c tual c in At1 nta• ~ng e lim i nation of diae rixnination. M y I now ubmit to you my raon 1 r on by e :r 1olv d ome of the Atlan in other South r n cltie , the olution hae eemed to be impo ibl and trife and conflict v resulted. It would dele ation f r om a gr t E stern city that 600, 000 conabtin of in cam. to r to de c rib be t £or m tlanta to det rmine hy we bat Atl racial peace br • nd ta' Ne r o popul tlon of o ver d gone furth r with Joytra. a s r e t economic pro th:r e tiQ'l • of s of 2 Oo/. ol th ir whol e popul don. xc ullmit d r eial probl m rec nt vi ii of an official uce a r rity w not conomic pro•perity. c • t rily r How ver. in Atl d vinl un mployment rate of pproxi wa • 1 Th y tely rrlng t t ta. th 0 hav go e tq thei-. that the .,-.,...,~••• civic it C that ma d political lnter •C of AUanta ba in ntly U with tt, N · aro ey ar convt ced arl'ied o t by hltere•t • d hardly 1-li . im y did not und retand a d Thi• tlo • I l)O t &11 of o dle• • City Go th an ff. rt to a 1• ot bell r nun c t raveet probl m •· e ic ed t 1• �Page 6 race telation • Gentlemen., Atlanta ha not w pt thi qu tion und r the rug · t any point. Step by tep - · ometime under Court ord r ometime voluntarily moving a.he d of pr s ure and many time clum ily - - ometim droitly - olutiou through · n have tried to find reem-ent betw en th: effected whit own rship and th Ne ro leader hip to acb of these probl mo. To do thi we have ·n ot ppointed a huge bi- racial c:ommittee that atop- ap for v ry cone lvabl qu becomes each tlm th o problem bas com into focu • era to de th the top N th the top N gro le d r hip , n bl to r ctabllity, hav fail d and d r · .. or hotel own r th ly a I re ould li 'I to• ve ao Um ch an b rd ain to you rs d th Un d by d velo. O~r cUlea la eucc e e have appoint d th atre dere - or volun rily certain re taur th top N gro 1 and r • ro l tion. but on th 0ath l' hand lt of commtmit · ic bl a lutloJl. in i:nany instaz:&ee• _.Att/:llt by I V fail d. rl • Ther ar• •ix 1• at Ne ro OnlveraUlee and C ll CUy Umlt•. rr a v• ro ey are Atl •• s • locaw ta Ulllv r•lty, Cla.rk Coll•& • C 11 u••• �high r education th y have had th capacity to deVI lop a . r at Negr o ln Atlan bu ine s community. li banks - building d loan a it c:on i ts of financial in titutio.ns oc:iation - life in u ranc li~ th Atlanta Life bwu:ranc Company - c: lers. Jn fact, th y d cknowled d Am rican bu ine s . Own d family .. th y operat c But it is the tr & N J"O ro ne th of in o! d buslne paper - T f, etor. Atlut.a ily nt Negro family - th Scott d w dally n•w k:11 s throug ut · e country. per with vest d inter ta c iroua of ad.di o Americ cU:1• ls. ord "con er tiv omic re civil and Th y simply r it • to c:r to~ •• rla te tbat ·t hey con• tbem.e lVl •• they ue • u ri hh • lite tbat It i8 mor impor obtdn th e rights dot obtainiD d by community that carrl • it vole to the citiseu. Do ot be mlal d by th d in drug _tor e · .. r eal n ther is anothe;r stron d operated by a prom an duca.ted r Ugioue e • ve d veloped. I b Ueve, in almo t ev ry lin of In Atlanta there ie a stron dally N World. com U. df;moaetratlon • d U i• tly a dr •• y t , � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Gentlemen, I have the honor, privilege and responsibility of serving as Mayor of the leading Southeastern City of Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta has a City population of slightly over 500,000 people and a metropolitan population slightly over 1,100,000 people, The 500, 000 ‘ people that make up the central City of Atlanta consists of 300, 000 white citizens and slightly over 200, 000 Negro citizens. In general, Atlanta is 60% white and 40% Negro. Nowhere is the problem of the elimination of discrimination . bwtween the races more prevalent than it is to the local elected official who must wrestle with and solve this problem created by circumstances beyond his control and then ignored by the responsible parties who should lend definition to the solution. I speak of the problem as having been brought into focus by Supreme Court decisions and then generally ignored by the President and Congress of the United States. Faced daily with the almost unsolvable problem of the elimination of discrimination as directed by the Federal Courts, local officials must often wonder where the Congress of the United States stands in offering definition or explanation in the solution of the most difficult national problem that we have ever had. We cannot help but look with amusement. . . if not suspicion... as certain members of the Congress and the Senate denounce the decisions Page 2 of the Supreme Court and offer no relief to the dilemma that local officials are confronted with in carrying out these decisions. You gentlemen must be conscious of the fact that whereas President Kennedy has made two appointments to the Court and there are Eisenhower appointments and Truman appointments and Roosevelt appointments, only the Senate of the United States has as an elected body the continuing function over the years of approving all of these appointments. Whatlam saying, gentlemen is -- This is your Court that has brought into focus this problem and only you could have changed its overall makeup through the years. Regardless of our convictions, feelings or emotions in the matter of racial discrimination, the time has come when we must face up to simple facts, These facts are either --- we must eliminate racial discrimination or you must provide a legal means for a two-caste system in this country and carry out through legal enactment for local officials to deal with such a system. You cannot continue to say that this is a local problem when it exists in ¢d4# nearly every city in America -- in nearly every state in America -- and all across the Nation. You have asked me here to give you the background of Atlanta's local success in dealing with this grave problem. Basically we have only been successful because we accepted the inevitability of the Court's Page 3 decisions and attempted to solve them by local cooperation. It should be perfectly plain that the solution in every instance granted to the Negro citizen rights which white American citizens and American business had previously reserved to themselves as special privileges. These privileges have been carried out by a multitude of local and éfalth/Whild statewide ordinances that providdd for segregation in every conceivable form. I make it perfectly plain to you gentlemen that in not a single instance have we enhanced or retained segregated privileges where we * ‘heave dealt with this matter. Following a series of reasonable desegregation such as golf courses and busses in the 50's, Atlanta took the following major steps in the early 60's: Date Area Action 9/61 Schools Court order 10/61 Department & variety stores voluntary action * lunch counters 1/62 City Facilities voluntary (city officials) 5/62 Downtown and arts theatres voluntary * 5/63 Negro firemen hired voluntary (city officials) 6/63 Swimming pools Court order - voluntary decision to open pools (city officials) 6/63 18 leading hotels voluntary * Approximately 33 leading restaurants voluntary * Page 4 * In each instance voluntary action consisted of cooperative action between operators of affected businesses and responsible Negro leadership, You can readily see that in some instances this has been under Gourt action and in other instances has been voluntary prior to Court action. In each instance it has resulted in the white citizen giving up special privileges which he enjoyed under a segregated society and has resulted in the Negro ditizen being given rights which all other people had and which he did not previously enjoy. It would be well for me to explain to you how limited this transition has been and how little of it the Negro citizen can participate in even at this time. Out of hundreds of restaurants in Atlanta, the above desegregation affects less than fifty of them. The hotel plan is based on conventions and although prominent Negooes have been accepted in several hotels, the Negro citizen hdé as a whole seldom shows up. With 200, 000 Negro citizens in Atlanta, one of Atlanta's leading restaurants had sixteen of them to dine/dad during the first week of its desegregation and has not had any since this day. All of this, gentlemen, is a question of economics and it should be remembered that the right to use something does not in any way indicate that it will be used ¢f or misused by the lewer economic groups.  Page 5 The above statements concern the actual changes in Atlanta's elimination of discrimination. May I now tubmit to you my personal reasons why we think Atlanta has resolved some of these probleme whereas in other Southern cities, the solution has seemed to be impossible and strife and conflict have resulted, | It would be best for me to describe a recent visit of an official delegation from a great Eastern city that has a Negro population of over 600,000 consisting of in excess of 20% of their whole population. They came to Atlanta to determine why we had gone further with success and were enjoying a great economic prosperity whereas they were having unlimited racial problems and an unemployment rate of approximately three times of what Atlanta's was. Iam not necessarily referring that racial peace brings economic prosperity. However, in Atlanta, the two have gone together, This delegation simply did not understand and would hardly beliefe that the business, civic and political interests of Atlanta had intently concerned itself with its Negro population. I do not believe until yet that they are convinced that all of our civic bodies backed by the public interest and carried out by the City Government have daily concerned themselves with an effort to solve our gravest problem -- fif and that is Page 6 race relations. Gentlemen, Atlanta has not swept this question under the rug at any point. Step by step - sometimes under Court order - sometimes voluntarily moving ahead of pressures - sometimes adroitly - , and many times clumsily - we have tried to find a solution through an agreement between the effected white ownership and the Negro leadership to each of these problems, To do this we have not appointed a huge bi-racial committee that becomes a stop-gap for every conceivable question, but on the other hand each time the problem has come into focus, we have appointed theatre owners to deal with the top Negro leaders - or hotel owners to deal with the top Negro leaders - or voluntarily certain restaurant owners dealt with the top Negro leadership , and by developing the lines of community and respectability, we have been able to reach an amicable solution. Other cities have worked equally as hard and in many instances have failed and id I would like to explain to you #hbf/2 why I think we have succeeded where they have sometimes failed, Atlanta is the center of higher Negro education in the world, There are six great Negro Universities and Colleges located inside our City limits. They are Atlanta University, Clark College, Morehouse, Morris Brown College, Spelman College and an interdenominational religious seminary. As a result of higher education being available in the area, @i/a great number of intelligent, well-trained Negro citizens have chosen to remain in this city. As a result of their training and Page 7 higher education they have had the capacity to develop a great Negro . business community. In Atlanta it consists of financial institutions like banks - building and loan associations - life insurance companies, \ like the Atlanta Life Insurance Company - chain drug stores ~ real estate dealers. In fact, they have developed, I believe, in almost every line of acknowledged American business. Then there is another strong factor. In Atlanta there is a strong daily Negro newspaper - The Atlanta Daily World. Owned and operated by a prominent Negro family - the Scott family - they operate a chain of daily and weeklies throughout the country. But it is the strength of a daily newspaper with vested interests backed by an educated religious and business community that carries its voice to the Negro citizens, Do not be misled by the word "conservative as they are as desirous of additional civil and economic and personal rights as any American citizen is. They simply realize that it is more important to obtain these rights than it is to create demonstrations. And it is to the end of obtaining these rights that they constantly address themselves,  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 21 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/c20c111a8d7e6e2eceacfc3bdca866dd.pdf d8184b98b282f8f8d0f7742cb317a1a5 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. CITY OF A TLANTA Date Area A ction 9/61 S chool s Court order 10/61 Department &t variety stores lunch counte rs voluntary action 1/62 City Facilities voluntary (city offi cials) 5/62 D owntown and arts theatres voluntary * 5/6 3 Negro firemen hired voluntary (city ·o fficials) 6/63 Swimming pools court order ... voluntary decision to open pools (ci ty officials) 6/63 18 leading hotels voluntary,. 6/63 approx. 33 leading restaurants voluntary* \ In each instance voluntary action consisted of cooperative action between operators of aff cted businesses and r sponsible Negro 1 adership. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Date 9/61 10/61 1/62 5/62 5/63 6/63 6/63 6/63 CITY OF ATLANTA Area Action Schools Court order Department & variety stores lunch counters voluntary action * Gity Facilities voluntary (city officials) Downtown and arts theatres voluntary * | Negro firemen hired voluntary (city officials) Swimming pools court order - voluntary decision to open pools (city officials) 18 leading hotels voluntary * approx. 23 leading restaurants voluntary * * In each instance voluntary action consisted of cooperative action between operators of affected businesses and responsible Negro leadership.  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 22 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/a257e67b2341266779bec2608031bdde.pdf 3d96cc3cc4d493b80e8474cdc02b43ba Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. B~ NA D SOUlH 332 Piedmont Ave., . E. n .-TA12tGA. July 10th, 1963 \ Senator Richard Russell , Washington, D. c. Dear Senator Russell: I have followed 1th interest and admiration the position you have taken on t he iniquitous prpposed civil rights bill 1th aJ.1 of its dastardly implications . I strongly endorse all that I have read in tho press of the strong opposition you are providing and I encourage every act within your po er to defeat this proposed measure with all of its heartbreaking possibilities including the ruination of many business establishments that ou1d occur in addition to an ending of .freedoms in this country long enjoyed by its citizens, all for the on purpose of playing for political gain or negro votes . It apparently has never oooured to the Kennedy .fant1ly or the loss ot hlte votos. they must consider or do they ever atop to consider anything h nev r the negro rai o hi voio? I did not vote for Kennedy (nor Nixon) nd 111 never vote for this politic l dictator who holds the south in such contempt, ho sho s such utter l ck of acumen for the high office ot Prosident . I am oppos d to the insidious methods ho and hie family use to seize control of this country for their own political po1er gin. is handlin of the negro problom shoe utt r laek of maturity. At evory opportunity praoented I exprea~ my vies to nll with ars 1th which to listen and it i y hope that e 1111 hav several million citizo · do 1ik 1se so that e might not be burdened with the Kenndy f ily fter th pr sent t rm of office expir Cordially your • _/-'.'( ~ l . C £'2. ~ B natid South - • � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document July 10th, 1963 Senator Richard Russell, Washington, De Ce Dear Senator Russell: I have followed with interest and admiration the position you have taken on the iniquitous prpposed civil rights bill with all of its dastardly implications. I strongly endorse all that I have read in the press of the strong opposition you are providing and I encourage every act within your power to defeat this proposed measure with all of its heartbreaking possibilities ineluding the ruination of many business establish- ments that would occur in addition to an ending of freedoms in this cowmtry long enjoyed by its citizens, all for the one purpose of playing for political gain of negro votes. It apparently has never occured to the Kennedy family of the loss of white votes they must consider or do they ever stop to consider anything whenever the negro raises his voice? I did not vote for Kennedy (nor Nixon) and will never vote for this political Valetator who holds the south in such contempt, who shows such utter lack of acumen for the high office of President. I am opposed to the insidious methods he and his family use to seize control of this country for their own political power gain. His handling of the negro problem shows utter lack of maturity. At every opportunity presented I express y to all with ears with which to listen and it pe that we will have several million citizens ae Be owtae so that we might not be burdened with the Kennedy family after the present term of office expires. Cordially yours, | a ae ie? aA % e 9 Benard South Dee Z/»,  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 23 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/edbb9a37bbd8b1441cc5eefef49619d9.pdf 585439ce5a6983382fadc3faa771b650 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. r " GREATER ATLANTA q::>UNCIL ON HUMAN RELATIONS -:- 5 FORSYTH STREET. N.W. - Announcements •••••••P• 1 Atlanta Notes ••••• _. •P• 2 ATLANTA 3. GEORGIA INSIDE Civil Rights Bill ••• • • ••P• 3 Hotels & Rest·aurants •••• •P• 4 REPORT FROM.VvHITE HOUSE CONFBRENCES BY ATLANTA PARTICIPANTS, Monday, July 22, 7:p.m., Stouffer's Hearth Room. Dinner $2.40. Make reservations at Council office (523•1581) by July 18, 1963. · I In response to requests, more opportunitities for "members to know each other and respond to interest in what went on at the recent series of White House conferences on civil rights, the Greater Atlanta Council on Human Relations has arranged for members and friends this dinner meeting, at which time 6 of the 25 Atlantans who met with President Kennedy at the recent series of meetings will report informally on the significance of the meetings and their application to the Greater Atlanta area. The others will be invited to attend and to participate in the discussion. (We are proud that 6 of the 25 are members of the Council. Those invited to speak on July 22, however, will include some members and some non-members) COME AND BRING YOUR FRIENDS!!! "'********** SAVE AUGUST 19 FOR A PICNIC SUPPER FOR COUNCIL MEMBERS AT PIEDMONT PAP.!. To avoid reservations and money, eaoh family is asked to bring your own food. The Pavilion at the Fourteenth (14) Street entrance, has been reserved for 6: p.m. to 9& p.m. This will be a purely social affair•-no program, just food and conversation for all age~. BELATED CONGRATULATIONS TO GACHR MEMBER, MORGAN STANFORD, upon his recent appointment to the Georgia Advisory Committee to the u.s. Civil Rights Commission. SWIMMING POOLSa It would be worth a special effort for white GACHR members to use recently desegregated "white 11 pools to a.void "resegregated" Negro poolse Encourage use of the pools by friends, neighbors and groups to which you belong. This is one way !2!! can respond to the President's appeal. "' From President Kennedy's Radio 611d Television address on June 11• "We face, therefore, a moral crisis as a country and as a peoplee ••• It is time to aot in the Congress, in your state and 1ooal legislative body, and above all, in all of our daily lives." July, 1963 .•,,, ~ . �APOLOGY TO MR. HOLTs ·---~[.,. ' J<Jiti·~:~ B:01t; President of the Atlanta Board of Education, at the Eo,.:; N". :,ri:,~'i-.J. ·:~ on Ju:.-.e ~o., said that he had been misquoted when the Council J.b :1 i--J ,, r:A. ~; '.: hat i ~~- ' 1 t' -. >u] dn •t think of anything to say" in response to. GACHR' s '.I.ff~ ·:·., _~ ,.. ~). .. .::. .:1 i t; ~1:i.1 ti"il1. :c·:.0n ·(;o ph.ns for an At'.'.f'.,:.'.· ~ ·:5.g h school with a Negro · He: :c.: ,-, ,· <I~ ,·., 1.e.1 ..:.1· ··;o ·.,e··:~ <). m ual outing to CaL.r,··r-r,. ~,- ~>.rdens., which does not c..~l ·, ·.-:- x ~·g .. ·,~ Q ,; -q _ .-i :.·, 1:c,.,8.-'.: i ng suggestion made ~ f . ...r:Y: ,,·30.r that Board adopt p~ :(:....,y ri :·•:, r ~.;,r r; l sp·or.J ored i•mctions held 1vh, .re all students would not h -~ 'r. .-.-o·i_-;, -r:<-1 ,:'.c !1, ·,· . liolt se.:~d ".;ha."t "this Board i\::..t for 'it to intercede and ci,C: 11.::c. -~;> <:'- r, r·t .,r-r: -':- ,1 be N1"'. :t.e r.: off would resuJ-f: ·1 r . urifavora.ble reaction of ·:::,,2 ,."1. -,.::: _.. 1: ·: i ;.,.°'.•i<c :-- -, ·l v >,,n i the communit~, c,·,,1 ·:i.rds the student involved • 11 .,,._ . 1. t s power +..,.. :-:- ~·;3vent sue h reac t ion. . u ::.... s 1 ,) ·.: ·..1- l , il , -1. ·· :.-.,, - ~,,;··: :,-,.~.; .,. ,(; in '.:.'_;: ·. .~-'- ·.;,t, :::..l; .'i.:::-,...,..:. l ,,, :3 . • c -). :cs.cted the Co~_;; -...·:_ several times saying that s>e 1• 11,,: · . ••1. :· ~ ·.' :-, J._._, v~· c.,n th:- :picnic." Wo a _.:,,,~.:,: ize for .misquoting Mr. Holt. W.s -, ., : i. ~- ~1 " ';:; , .- l c. · ~"' "? ~, ~:-d's ,:~rmitting a svJ:-.o....,l sponsored event to be s r.1, ·3c, d .,,·:1 .,f· .;,. :-:,:. , , ~,.;) ' 'l:"t'b :te it is knoi•m in advanoe that even one of the s1·;,__ I= ,,.~-~ ·n 1,c °LI ;; c-. :~;,;: .J.-1 not be admitted and question the advisibal:.ty of Jl':'.i:..J..ic, ···' ::1 ·-· ·" :' .. ·:-·;_ c r- ,.c a stud:!n:t to bB placed in the position of making 8. < .i.':.' : ,. :J ·_,,,., i,l _. :: .-J~ .1. r' T,);_'.! ~S a ch oice between participating in SC~ OOl a ffairs o:· c . , ..: :.!l2· · 1-1.': j p _,, ,J ;:.'.~ ~.'.'l reaction of the class., the student body and the C.JIDnl:,ir.i :~·/1 to·, /T;l;l JJj himself Or herself• 1,; 1 1 1 ******* lluri o g the, ,a.st few weeks, the GACHR has been asked to assist in efforts tc s ·K uru ::-.r.. :::-ol).'.'ll0nt of a Negro in a typing cour:3e a.t the Northside YMCA and en:.·c.:..lment of a H,3gro ohild at the -~+.lanta Speech School. "'********** Bishop Ra.nd,,•.ph Clairborne of the Epis copal Diocese of Atlanta has anno'.Jn~ed ~!1e wi t ·. H1.r awa.l of any affiliation between the Episcopal church anc't -~i1e L:.7.;·~t Schr; ol 3 following the announcement by the Trustees of a po} i 0y of ra ~ia~ s 1:e;rt:g:ation. Rev,1 John Mc-:--~ i e h.P.s anno'..mced that " o .. steps will be taken in the f a ll at -;~h :3 c:,1'7ning u f .:; --:'1.1;,-:l to p:r-;;f e:::+, the Trustees ' decision which lea ve s some c.c;·. t,.:: c.::: ·r.c, t h A ~\,:. ~;;1 <·u1nes : u °l' ·x th Ep h .lopa.1 clergy and laity. · • uSupport wi.L1. ·.:i o 2;;'.'\_:·!n. -:.;.-, Ji. L~.,.,-•_ a ot·bn ;_: )::.:-. s st a.5.ws d. a.t both the school itself, a s W'3U as t P,13 LtE;m~,_, :r~ of t ho i:,_~.· '. who , 1·A Episcopalians . Most l i ke l y t hi s will L1111.,_('e ·,:1-:.,:.i !rLa,~::.ng: of p~'-:t,-.-~·~·- a·t t :v} !:lchool ancl at othe r point s 10.i,p re, pri,1.t; :.:- ·i:;r) ·:;he redpe ·::iti78 'i: r . 3"C,':' •H l "oo 1: ~ ~~*· ¥* ****** *** DEC.Ni:'L'R G1,.C:T:? r5~P.':i:R8 1q tc : .-t;J. .c,:-;t ; S!::10 01~ f ;• .-. u.c:.Jµ,r whi..;r. 0r:",D.~ :..: _• c-:.ho .:>ls.. >or-'i th ,:'": N0gi·o chHdrAn in DE.'ca t ur must oome in -1,:1 ( '~.:>;.:1 many Negro~s liv0 a few blockn from the The ~c::n1,1.tur schools off ered no s ummer courses in cc,lorod so~.00 ~.z:. No rop.~J; ·':;~ inq_,,d . ries to WES"l_'MHlffTER SCHOOLS about pol icy of accepting appl icatj .,:....z I':;: 0.u Negro es, for s tur.;ner or regular sesslonse IN TI~~'.::?~t£t Factual chronological account of desegregation to date in Atlantr Copies of Dr. Mart1n Luther King., Jr's • ., LETTER FROM Bli.liiI:;;;.fi.AM Ji.\Ti~JAIL. AVAT:.~!,? :~0 0N R~Clt'ES'i: Nots~ We urge you to support the desegregated restaurants and to state your appl'O'VS.l of such~ policy. �l GREATER ATLANTA COIDJCIL ON HL'VlAN RELATIONS July, 1963 -3- SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS BY SOUTHERN REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CIVIL RIGHTS BILL (You are urged to express your views to Congressman Charles Waltner, Senators Richard Russell and Herman Talmadge.) Voting: Forbids use of different standards, practices or procedures for whites and Negroes, bars denial of right to vote in a federal election because of certain immaterial acts, provides for federal voting referee when lawsuits ·a.re pending in county in which fewer than 15% of eligible Negroes are registered; preferential treatment of voting rights suits . on federal court calendars; requires presumption of literacy on completion of 6th grade in accredited school where instruction is predominantly in English. Public Accommodationss Guarantees to all citizens full and equal enjoyment of goods, serlices, and facilities of hotels, restaurants, places of amusement and retail establishments in interstate commerce, ieeo, where goods , _services, facilities or accommodations are provided to substantial degree to interstate travelers; substantial portion of goods has moved in i nterstate conunerceJ activities of establishment substantially affect interstate c~mmeroe; establishment is integral Ra.rt of est~blishment covered by above (bonefide private clubs and establishments not open to public not covered); persons denied access because of race can institute court action; AttorneyGene ral can bri ng suit upon written complaint by aggrieved party, i f pa rty i s unable to finance suit, obtain effective legal representation, or t here is fea r of economic or other injury; before such suit, A- G; must refer case to Communi ty Rel ations Se rvi ce (see below), give est ablishment time to correct practices; permit state and local equal access laws to ope r ate J if plaintiff wins suit, loser pays attorney' s fees. School Deseg r egat i on : The u. s. Commis sion is requi r ed to re port in 2 years on ext ent of s chool segregation on a ll l evel s; Commiss ione r aut horized t o give t echnical and f i nancial assist ance , upon request , t o school dist ricts in process of school de segregati on ( financial assistance t o t rain pers onnel ) J authorizes A•G to i nitiat e sui ts against local school boards and public inst itutions of higher learning whenever complain of existing segregation is received signed by parent or i nd i vidual; party is unable t o undertake s uit for lack of money, effective counsel, fear of ec onomic or other injury; A-G determines that such SU1it will further orderly process of desegregation. Community Relations Service: Federal agency to work with local communities Jp,roviding advice and assistance, help s olve inter-racial disputes and work quietly to improve relations in any community, to be established by executive order until given statutory action. Civil Rights Commission: Extension through 1967 and broadening of power to serve as clearing house, Qffering i nformation, advice and technical assistance to any public or private agency requesting it. Equal Opportunity Commission: Permanent statutory Commission similar to present Committeeo Federal Programs' Any federal assistance program not required to give aid where racial discrimination is practiced; n9 discrimination in employment oontraetors or sub-contractors on grounds of race. �GREATER ATLANTA COUNCIL ON HUMAN RELATIONS July, 1963 -4- RESTAURANTS AND HOTEL DESEGREGATIONc Restaurants: The GACHR, along with the Atlanta NAACP, the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights and individuals oonneoted with other organizations, has been in touch with individual restaurant operators and with the Atlanta Restaurant Association for the past several months, urging voluntary desegregation of eating plaoese It has been stated repeatedly that no person or persons may speak for the Restaurant Association end that any action taken would be done by individuals in terms of their own places of business. The individuals ta.king part in the discussions have changed from one time to the next. To our knowlbedge, there have been no written agreements. There were verbal agreements to desegregate the last week of June, after repeated demonstrations by the Committee on Appeal for Human Relationse The understandings of' the verbal agreements he.ve varied in some oases on the part of different persons at the same meeting. Some restaurants which we understand did agree to serve Negroes decided against it before the appointed date. Some served Negro·e s on the "first aay, 11 then refused to serve them the next day. -Some refused at first but served later. A number served Negroes but when asked by telephone if they were desegregated, said no. So--there is no "official list," and any list would probably change from day to day. Acting on the belief that desegregation cannot l::e in effect until those who might be effected know of the change and on the belief that support from those who favor the change can be more effective than withdrawal of support by those who oppos·e it, we give here a list of restaurants in which the GACHR members have observed Negroes being served within the past few weeks: Yohannon's, Sellers (Piedmont Hotel). The Farm, Herren's, Camilla Gardens, Emile's, Esooe's, Caruso's, D~:v.is Brothers, Johnny Rebb 1 s, Crossroads, Big Boy Drive•in, Seven Steers, Miami Buff et, House of Eng, S&W, Bradshaw's, Howard Johnson's, Dales Cellar, Rex' Fine Foods, (the ·:· Riv.bra and Four Seasons for private parties). Hotels 1 On June 21, Mayor 1van Allen announced that he had been requested by 14 Atlanta hotels and motels 1~ 0 announce a plan for limited .desegregation. The hotels listed were: the Air-Host Inn, Atlanta Americana Motor Hotel, Atlanta Cabana Motel, the Atlanta.n Hotel, the Biltmore Hotel, the Dinkler- Plaza Hotel, ~arriott Hotel (unfinished), the Hilton Inn, 3 Howard Johnson's Motor Lodges (South, Northeast, and Northwest Expressways), the Peachtree Manor, the Piedmont Hotel, and the Riveria Motel . The Council wrote Mr. Allen asld.ng if this in anyway changed the situation of individual guest (s) since we are often asked to arrange lodgings for foreign visitors. He replied that he had imde the announcement as reqyestedq and was r efe rring our letter to the Hotel Assooiationo Mr. Styron of the Hotel Association wrote that this was an individual act by each of the 14 hotals and ea.oh would have to be contacted individually~ We a~e in the process of doing that now 0 There have been reports that individual Negro guest have been accommodated, but this has not been announced as a public policye Dr. Ce Miles Smith, NAACP president, said his understanding of the agreement was complete desegregation of these establishments~ �.. ' BULi( R,i rr:- RtA rr,RAJ1LM}1TI:1'\ iC OTI'NJ:W l·N -~ l}MA:N RfLATIDNS •HJ RSYTH ,ST .. N. w. I lLLANif'A :3, -G-E..OR.G-·- U.S. PC ,-.~ .. PAID~ Atlanta • Ge org1a . Perm it No. 281 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document No WSL GREATER ATLANTA COUNCIL ON HUMAN RELATIONS — 5 FORSYTH STREET, N.W. — ATLANTA 3, GEORGIA - _ INSIDE Announcements eovcosepe 1 Civil Rights 8311. eoecocePe O Atlanta Notes eosevcepe 2 , Hotels & RestaurantsSeceseDe 4 REPORT FROM WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCES BY ATLANTA PARTICIPANTS, Monday, July 22, 7tpeme, Stouffer's Hearth Roome Dinner $2.40. Make reservations at Council office (523-1581) by July 18, 1963. In response to requests, more opportunitities for "members to know each other and respond to interest in what went on at the recent series of White House ' conferences on civil rights, the Greater Atlanta Council on Human Relations / has arranged for members and friends this dinner meeting, at which time 6 ' of the 25 Atlantans who met with President Kennedy at the recent series of meetings will report informally on the significance of the meetings and their ie application to the Greater Atlanta area. The others will be invited to attend and to participate in the discussion. (We are proud that 6 of the 25 are members of the Council, Those invited to speak on July 22, however, will include some members and some non-members) COME AND BRING YOUR FRIENDS!!! 9 Ae ie A Re 6 ae a 2 ae 2B ae a As SAVE AUGUST 19 FOR A PICNIC SUPPER FOR COUNCIL MEMBERS AT PIEDMONT PARK. To avoid reservations and money, each family is asked to bring your own foode The Pavilion at the Fourteenth (14) Street entrance, has been reserved for 63 peme to 9% peme This will be a purely social affaire-no program, just food and conversation for all agers Jeeta aie OK BELATED CONGRATULATIONS TO GACHR MEMBER, MORGAN STANFORD, upon his recent appointment to the Georgia Advisory Committee to the U.S. Civil Rights Commissione 46 29s 2k 2s fe 2] ais fe of oh a he ok ac SWIMMING POOLSs It would be worth a special effort for white GACHR members to use recently desegregated "white" pools to avoid "resegregated" Negro pools, Encourage use of the pools by friends, neighbors and groups to which you belong. This is one way YOU can respond to the President's appeal. Be 2 2 2 ae ak 2k ok oie slo ac ae ak fee From President Kennedy*s Radio end Television address on June 113 "We face, therefore, a moral crisis as a country and as a people. .eelt is time to act in the Congress, in your state and local legislative body, and above all, ‘4 in all of our daily livese" July, 1963 =2e APOLOGY TO MR. HOLT: is, Bei. Holt, President of the Atlanta Board of Education, at the Boar’. wooriy on Jure "9, said that he had been misquoted when the Council hea go nrked thet ne "eoldn't think of anything to say" in response to GACHR's lov ver oe .llig obltonsten to plans for an Atiexe “igh school with a Negro “HEenLor ehudect ca ties. aanual outing to Calion..v S>rdens, which does not arith Negurss a4 vegeting suggestion made 2s.< ;2ar that Board adopt tCiuuy ch me tcarol sponsored Iunctions held wi,.re all students would not he ANobvtace ue, Holt said that "this Board fuit for it to intercede and Chise the ovhirr ts be called off would resul+ ir unfavorable reaction of She Glact, tis tient? boty ard the community towards the student involved. This Lorri las ac.a cyevwsling in its power +. -:event such reaction." save Sudvab davetend..co.tacted the Cow.:i% several times saying that sme “wral Tits to go op tho pienice” We apotocize for misquoting Mr. Holt. Di. gyesuie: tue Soard's permitting a svkcvl sponsored event to be schacrisd ub 2 o1Ace where it is knowm in advance that even one of the St.18h58 “nvely on soyla not be admitted and question the advisibality of Mbing WL puss.tic for 4 student to be placed in the position of mking A afc.un which usvelecs a choice between participating in school affairs oO: ¢ ee ‘wievyur2l.a reaction of the class, the student body and the community” toveids himself or herself. Fe AG AOKI AOR During the past few weeks, the GACHR has been asked to assist in efforts te sxcure sarollment of a Negro in a typing course at the Northside YMCA and enrcilment of a Negro child at the Atlanta Speech Schoole of ee fe a 2 2 kha aa Bishop Randotph Clairborne of the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta has annovneed the witudrawal of any affiliation between the Episcopal church ang tne Lovzstt School, following the announcement by the Trustees of a policy of racial segregatione Rev, John Me>:is has announced that "oeesteps will be taken in the fall at tha cpening of seaucl to prstext the Trustees’ decision which leaves some @curt as to the faithfulness of cth Episcopal clergy and laitye »«seSupport Witt oo gimen vo Jicect action jpxoelest aimed at both the school itself, as well as t ite members of the Funst who ure Episcopalians. Most likely this will ineliiwe ha placing of pitre7. at the school and at other points lappropriate %o the respestive ir. sceaseec” LR do ai Rai AA DECATUR GACTR MEMBERS 1cvors thot Negvo children in Decatur must come in to Jtlaity for cumaer school, tueugh many Negroes live a few blocks from the Whice Oesatus ecshoolss The vexutur schools offered no summer courses in cclored schoolte No renly te ineguiries to WESTMINISTER SCHOOLS about policy of accepting epplicsatiour rion Negroes, for sumer or regular sessionse IN TEE WORKS Factual chronological account of desegregation to date in Atlant ee et AVATLAct# VON RYQURSTs Copies of Dre Martin Luther King, Jr's», LETTER FROM BITIGGHAM SETS WAIL. Nots! We urge you to support the desegregated restaurante and to state your approval of such a policye GREATER ATLANTA COUNCIL ON HUMAN RELATIONS July, 1963 aj= SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS BY SOUTHERN REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CIVIL RIGHTS BILL (You are urged to express your views to Congressman Charles Weltner, Senators Richard Russell and Herman Talmadge.) Voting: Forbids use of different standards, practices or procedures for whites and Negroes, bars denial of right to vote in a federal election because of certain immaterial acts, provides for federel voting referee when lawsuits are pending in county in which fewer than 15% of eligible Negroes are registered; preferential treatment of voting rights suits on federal court calendars; requires presumption of literacy on completion of 6th grade in accredited school where instruction is predominantly in Englishe Public Accommodations: Guarantees to all citizens full and equal enjoyment of goods, services, and facilities of hotels, restaurants, places of amuse=- ment and retail establishments in interstate commerce, ieGce, where goods, services, facilities or accommodations are provided to substantial degree to interstate travelers; substantial portion of goods has moved in interes state commerce; activities of establishment substantially affect interstate commerce; establishment is integral part of establishment covered by above (bonefide private clubs and e stablishments not open to public not covered); persons denied access because of race can institute court action; Attorney= General can bring suit upon written complaint by aggrieved party, if party is unable to finance suit, obtain effective legal representation, or there is fear of economic or other injury; before such suit, A=-G; must refer case to Community Relations Service (see below), give establishment time to correct practices; permit state and local equal access laws to operates if plaintiff wins suit, loser pays attorney's feese School Desegregation: The U. Se Commission is required to report in 2 years on extent of school segregation on-all levels; Commissioner authorized to give technical and financial assistance, upon request, to school districts in process of school desegregation (financial assistance to train personnel)s authorizes A=G to initiate suits against local school boards and public institutions of higher learning whenever complain of existing segregation is received signed by parent or individual; party is unable to undertake suit for lack of money, effective counsel, fear of economic or other injury; A=G determines that such suit will further orderly process of desegregatione Community Relations Service: Federal agency to work with local communities yroviding advice and assistance, help solve inter-racial disputes and work guietly to improve relations in any community, to be established by executive order until given statutory actione Civil Rights Commission: Extension through 1967 and broadening of power to serve as clearing house, offering information, advice and technical assistance to any public or private agency requesting ite Equel Opportunity Commission: Permanent statutory Commission similar to present Committees Federal Programs: Any federal assistance program not required to give aid where racial discrimination is practiced; no discrimination in employment contractors or sub-contractors on grounds of races GREATER ATLANTA COUNCIL ON HUMAN RELATIONS July, 1963 ade RESTAURANTS AND HOTEL DESEGREGATIONs Restaurants: The GACHR, along with the Atlanta NAACP, the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights and individuals connected with other organizations, has been in touch with individual restaurant operators and with the Atlanta Restaurant Association for the past several months, urging voluntary desegregation of eating placese It has been stated repeatedly that no person or persons may speak for the Restaurant Association and that any action teken would be done by individuals in terms of their owm places of business. The individuals taking part in the discussions have changed from one time to the next. To our knowkhedge, there have been no written agreements. There were verbal agreements to desegregate the last week of Jue, after repeated demonstrations by the Committee on Appeal for Human Relations. The under= standings of the verbal agreements have varied in some cases on the part of different persons at the same meeting. Some restaurants which we understand did agree to serve Negroes decided against it before the appointed dates Some served Negroes on the "first day," then refused to serve them the next _ deye Some refused at first but served later. A number served Negroes but when asked by telephone if they were desegregated, said noe So==-there is no "official list," and any list would probably change from day to daye Acting on the belief that desegregation cannot te in effect until those who might be effected know of the change and on the belief that support from those who favor the change can be more effective than withdrawal of support by those who oppose it, we give here a list of restaurants in which the GACHR members have observed Negroes being served within the past few weeks: Yohannon's, Sellers (Piédmont Hotel), The Farm, Herren's, Camilla Gardens, Emile's, Escoe's, Caruso's, Devis Brothers, Johnny Rebb's, Crossroads, Big Boy Drive-in, Seven Steers, Miami Buffet, House of Eng, S&W, Bradshaw's, Howard Johnson's, Dales Cellar, Rex' Fine Foods, (the Rivbra and Four Seasons for private parties )e Hotels* On June 21, Mayor Tyan Allen announced that he had been requested by 14 Atlanta hotels and motels %o announce a plan for limited desegregetion. The hotels listed were? the Air-Host Inn, Atlanta Americana Motor Hotel, Atlanta Cabana Motel, the Atlantan Hotel, the Biltmore Hotel, the Dinkler=Plaza Hotel, liarriott Hotel (unfinished), the Hilton Inn, 3 Howard Johnson's Motor Lodges (South, Northeast, and Northwest Expressways), the Peachtree Manor, the Piedmont Hotel, and the Riveria Motel. The Council wrote Mr, Allen asking if this in anyway changed the situation of individual guest (s) since we are often asked to arrange lodgings for foreign visitorse He replied that he had made the announcement as requested, and was referring our letter to the Hotel Association. Mr. Styron of the Hotel Association wrote that this was an individual act by each of the 14 hotels and each would have to be contacted individuallys We are in the process of doing that now, There have been reports that individual Negro guest have been accommodated, but this has not been announced asa public policye Dre C, Miles Smith, NAACP president, said his understanding of the agreement was complete desegregation of these establishments fe She oft os fe is afc ae at a fe a 3K a REATER ATLANTA TOUNGIL) IN HUMAN RELATIONS FORSYTH-ST.. N. W. TLANTA-3, GEORGM BULK Ra U. S. PC : : PAID. Atlanta, Georgia Permit No, 2g 1  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 24 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/9da7877cf2061c98cd10f44e7b54d23d.pdf e5dfe10ca51907e502fdd30553f45927 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. HAAS , DUNAWAY , SHELFER & HAAS ATTORNEYS AT LAW LEON-ARD KAAS JO H .N A .,.,DUNAWAY SU IT E WM . S . SHELFER 60 1 HAAS-HOW ELL BUI L DING ATLANTA , GEORGIA G E ORGE A. HAAS JAMES B . P ILC H ER HUGH F. N E WB E RRY TE L E PH ONE JACKSON 1- 1151 J ul y 11, 1963 Mayor Ivan Allen , Jr., City Ha ll , Atlant a 3, Georgi a . De a r Ivan : I am wr i ting you at t he r e que st of my wif e, and a cknow l edg e I am gl ad t o do s o. (1 Y Ge orgia Code , Sec, 5 2-101 reads as fal lows: 11 Under t he t erm 'i nn ' t he l aw includes a ll t averns, hotels , and hou ses of publ i c gene r a l ente r t ainment f or gues ts. All pers on s ent ertained f or h ire at an inn are guests." Georgia Code , Sec. 52- - 103 reads as f ollows: "The innkeeper who advertises himself as such is bound to receive as guests, so far as he can accommodate them, all persons of good character offering themse l ves, who are willing to comply with his rules . 11 These Georgia Code Sections are codifications of the common law which has been of force for more than a hundred years both jn England and in all the states of this country. (2) With respect to the decisions of the Supreme Court of Georgia holding unconstitutional an Ordinance of the City of Atlanta which prohibits colored persons from occupying houses in blocks where the greater number of houses are occupied by whjte persons, I am giving you copies of two letters which I wrote to Ralph McGill, one on December 12, 1960, and the other on January 22, 1963. �Page # 2 July 11, 1963 You will note that in my letter of Decembe r 12th to Ralph, I men tioned that Richard B. Russell was of counsel for the petttioners who secured the ruling of the Court decla~ing the Ordinance unconstitutional. Ralph was of t he opinion that t he Ri chard B. Russell referred to as counsel for the negro must have been t he father of Dick Russell, a s it was de cided in t he year 1918 . Ra lph may be correct, I have no way of knowing . · Best wishes and mo re power to you. Sincerely, 143.215.248.55 16:32, 29 December 2017 (EST) LH:LPM ENC. Leonard Haas � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document HAAS, DUNAWAY, SHELFER & HAAS . ATTORNEYS AT LAW LEONARD HAAS BORK aoatcoawaes SUITE 601 HAAS-HOWELL BUILDING We. S. SHELFER TELEPHONE ATLANTA, GEORGE A. HAAS hp OER JACKSON I-1I5! JAMES B.PILCHER HUGH F. NEWBERRY July Thy 1963 Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr., City Hall, Atlanta 3, Georgia. Dear Ivan: I am writing you at the request of my wife, and acknowledge I am glad to do so. (1) Georgia Code, Sec. 52-101 reads as follows: "Under the term 'inn' the law includes all taverns, hotels, and houses of public general entertainment for guests. All persons entertained for hire at an inn are guests," Georgia Code, Sec. 52--103 reads as follows: "The innkeeper who advertises himself as such {fs bound to receive as guests, so far as he can accommodate them, all persons of good character offering themselves, who are willing to comply with his rules." These Georgia Code Sections are codifications of the common law which has been of force for more than a hundred years both jin England and in all the states of this country. (2) With respect to the decisions of the Supreme Court of Georgia holding unconstitutional an Ordinance of the City of Atlanta which prohibits colored persons from occupying houses in blocks where the greater number of houses are occu- pied by white persons, I am giving you copies of two letters which I wrote to Ralph McGill, one on December 12, 1960, and the other on January 22, 1963. Page #2 July 11, 1963 You will note that in my letter of December 12th to Ralph, I mentioned that Richard B. Russell was of counsel for the petitioners who secured the ruling of the Court de- claring the Ordinance unconstitutional. Ralph was of the opinion that the Richard B. Russell referred to as counsel for the negro must have been the father of Dick Russell, as it was decided in the year 1918. Ralph may be correct, I have no way of knowing. Best wishes and more power to you. Sincerely, LH: LPM Leonard Haas ENC s  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 25 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/988eefb68cda61eb32efc3e91f98453a.pdf 8e531622682c9b606bb77a9f3fc6f445 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. 22, 1963 Mr. R lph cG111 1 'rhs Atlanta Constitution. AtlB.Dt, Georg1a. Dear F.alpn: I was a.el1ghted with your handlii;g oi tlle Glover · c se (January 21st) columrJ entitled "The olly of Barriers." It was splenu:1d. iii your I c, .iday 'lb r a,.; 111d ed an a 11 r Georgi c se t the · ~lo~er ca~e decidea by th~ 3upreme Court 0£ Georgia 1n 1915 1 1 eJy ,2..~rel'.· r,1,1;y 9,r Atl Mk~~ ,.143 Ga, ,192, .v, While the. GlovGr cas~ was s:tmply a ptH' curjam i..lead.uote d.c1~~C>! s" w'1th uo wr1tteu op1n10ll, 1n the C:1' ,:' c se Judge S Atk1nson for the court wrote a magnificent opinion declaring 1913 .r\tlai1ta C:Jty Ordji.ai~ce proh:1b1t1DF. vh1te and colored perso.oa 1·ro res1d.tug :hJ the same block uucons Li t~ti oual. '£h1 s "' s lso W·rujjmous dec!s:10n aud ~as later c1ted by the Supreme Court of tht: \.1111 teu States :n JJµc.haµa.u y, }io[leY, 24;5 u,s, 6.0, where t op1.n1on of the court !ncluded a lollg excori,t :from Judge Atk1nscm •s op1n·i o.n 111 tne Carey case. ncu similar ord1nailce came oe1·ore the court, Judg .Atk11.soll also wrote a short but vigorous diss~nt:!ng opjn10ll ill liHclOl} Ye City 01' Atlanta, 14, b:1 18 the O 1 v 14, wh1ch ca.,e w s subse"'uent overruled by the Glov r decision. Gt'~ •.. H C 1 CAM ra �Page 12 1963 This perhaps 1s a sh1niDg example of one of Ch1ef Justice Bleckley's terse say1Jlgs: "That court is the best which rel1es as 11ttle as poss1blG Oll its own opin1ons." Best wishes. S1Jlcerely• Leonard Haas 1,HsLPM P.S. Judge Atkinsou's decis1o.u in the Carey case as also c1t~d w1th approv 1 by Judge Tuttle 1L! wr1t1ng for the F1tth C1rcu1t Couxt of ; rpeals an opinion aff1rm1Dg o ... c of Skelly right 's decj s1 vns str1kh!g Jown the ~ ...::,ui s.tana Statute seek:Jng to ma11lta1n re ' • T- •J .c.J -iu'" 1 " ,, I::' .._, _ ,. ~~ 164. ' ,. < "° ._. '-.> ·.-1,. •1 242 lid, 2d 119, · ·._·.1.v•.._,,1 ~ ·. • - ,·,r· l ' •&! ,, w' .....,_::;::1Utr< " ' ' 0"1 'ri:'i•tY + tr- oar·~Wt. ,:., I ,..,_U,.1,,. +! i?Mt � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Mr. Ralph McGill, Ths Atlanta Coustitution, Atlanta, Georgia. Bear Ralph: JT was delighted with your handling of the Glover case In your Mouday (January 2ist) column entitled "The Folly of Barriers." It was splendid. lhere was {nudeed an earlier Georgia case than the : Glover Gass decided by ore puEeees | Court of poperets in 1915, namely Carey v, G: _Ga Pe While the Glover case was simply 4a "per curiam beadnote decision," with no written opinion, in the Cerey case Judge Sam Atkinson for the court wrote a magnificent opinion declaring a 1913 Atlanta City Ordinance prohibiting white and colored persons from residing in the same block unconstitutional. This was also & ulanimeus decision and was later cited by the Su Court of the United States tn bY, epinion of the court ane luded A Tong excerpt from opinion in the Carey case. When a similar ordinance came before the court, dudes eee eeu alge pen dutanee. 6! but a sich noid the ord  January 22, 1963 This perhaps is a shining example of one of Chief Justice Bleckley's terse sayings: “That court is the best which relies as little as possible on its own opinions." Best wishes. P.S. Judge Atkinson's decision in the Carey case was also cited with approval by Judge Tuttle in writing for the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals an opinion affirming ote of Skelly Wright's decisions striking down the pe shan eee seers to mainvatn sectegated fea schools.  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 26 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/bc84a9d9e54724cf21b3d7cd1498fa1e.pdf d87b46ba0b68f5b63aa6e1589669cd4a Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. D· c mber 12 1 1960 lialph McG111 1 . le:..'!') t ~- ~ 0 t , eo .. g1 • ., l l r)n t For yuu.r -tnfor, t 1on. 'I th1nk tl10 f'olloi.. 1r.g has a b..,arJng o~ tn~ segregat!on quest1o~. ,-n 1.91\) . 14'-- ;a. ~'-'.I, i 1 the case v-"' Ql2ver· v. _911.Y .>f At! n a~ .o:.1rL o-? Georg:ia :.~ ..mai.1.mous \.:.sc1s1 held 1m"on::;~1t Lonal a ··1t:, of !·.'·lant- Ord1nance h1c .. 1 f ... rb colore pc-H·son 1.0 :JccL~PY .;} '"t.:r.· 1n i.. lccL::. ,· ~r~ ._,1.1. . ~:..v 1.. !' number o,,.. .,~-,~e·· · r~ o,'.."c 1 ad by ,-·h1tt De. :r:nf. (Pi-; .•. r-.i i.3. R.issel . a, -r !0-.,1 ~l I · ~ ·1e ,.._..,titjG:!v,!'.:: 1 h;) ..: ....,'lr--u tt.L. ru11· 4'-f' · 1-. ,, ~ :·:1- , ·3c-'s1on 1_ st:1 1 " t. _ 1£',' o. (' org ~. vJ.lJI·E-me 1,.it:: 1 •• 4 I • •• , 341+ ·;,c:;. 1~ 1 '-.) 8 -in~···· t~) U1 .. .::u p! ?.T _ r·o.,rt r•. u ....... t_ e n fo r cE.: a c v'l .. "\+ t:1at nron.rty not b. . . lf,t:::a or v ·e-1pf1:><.l by an;j erson u: ·:~J·- .., . ... .::,~~ c..,.. tL ""He co:.irt 1L.ld that tho <-lI'o::~c·~1..nt . t~.~li J1 .1 ~4ch \rnendm~n~ . s - the }.~Li1 Amt:.,d.rr("nt ~ d"rt.-::· cd .~ ')n - l: i • . -- the "vi...r': f' .'.l' ,; -r h~lu. that t' J c.t:!on u ,...,a , , 1rt~. in e 1f')rc ·nG tn1~ 1·0str r-t.,., , ccJenar1t • : t be r -~ r( ·,d fJ t. a t1on of" t1 e st t~ -( · :J~ th,~ 1 1+th Am.dnd<..; 1 rr.ent, and. a s ·o 01.... +. 1 to· denial of' the equa l prcitec t 1on of th13 1n1~ 1s ~ot f or publi cation . Eist v11shes. S1nc rely• • � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document December 12, 1960 Mr. Ralph McGill, fue Atlanta Constitution, htlanta, Jeorglas. Dear Kalph: rH Ri: Seereratton For your Information, I think the following has a bearing on the segregation question. ‘ Tn 1916 tn the case.of G Vie Ot by: entas | e 148 Ga. 205, the Supreme Court of Georgia by unanimous decisteat 0 held unconstitutional a City of Atlanta Ordinance which forbade colored persons to occupy houses in Liccks whera the greater number of housee ars occupied by white persons. (Richard RB. Russell was of counsel ‘or the petitioners who secured the ruling of the court.) Taat dectsion is still the lew of Georgia. In 1945, in Shelly vy. Kramer, 34+ U.S. 1g the United States Supreme Court refuse. to enforce a covenant that property should not be usea or occupied by any person except those of ths faucasian race. The court held that the agreement Itself did not violate the 14th Amendment as. the 14th Amendment is directed against state section only. ut the court further held that the action of state courts in enforcing this restrictive Tee i was to be regarded ac action of the state within the 1th Amend= ment, ané amounted to a denial of the equal protection of the laws to the petitjoners. This 1s not for publication. Best wishes. : Nee hae ahs  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 27 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/06cd80516097a8637e242bafb57906f8.pdf 2903022454ff8e0f81a61616a4fb24e0 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. News Release IVAN ALLEN, JR. Mayor of Atlanta Mrs. Ann Drummond For further informa tion c al l , J a 2-4463 Executive Secretary FOR USE UPON RECEIPT July 11, 1963 Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. has accepted an invitation from the United States Senate Commerce Committee to testify before the committee Friday, July 26, on bcliu1i; .ef Senate Bill 1732. This bill is to eliminate discrimination in public accommodations affecting interstate commerce. Mayor Allen said "I welcome this opportunity to tell the committee of the fine relationship which exists among the citizens of Atlanta and to describe how we have faced our problems and worked out solutions." - 30 - � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document News Release SS VAN REN RY Mayor of Atlanta Mrs. Ann Drummond For further information call — Ja 2- 4463 Executive Secretary FOR USE UPON RECEIPT July 11, 1963 Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. has accepted an invitation from the United States Senate Commerce Committee to testify before the committee Friday, July 26, on betméeef Senate Bill 1732. This bill is to eliminate discrimination in public accommodations affecting interstate commerce. Mayor Allen said "I welcome this opportunity to tell the committee of the fine relationship which exists among the citizens of Atlanta and to describe how we have faced our problems and worked out solutions, '! —30ie  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 28 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/a21ba21d016a14f27bed42e58fdab818.pdf 44d4f991d95ed11eca8967a85d2c8c6e Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. (G July 2, 1963 WILLIAM 0 . COWGER M A YOR Honorable Ivan Allen, J r. Mayor of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta, Georgia Dear Ma yor Allen: In answer t o your request of July 1, we are enclosing a copy of Ordinance No. 66, Seri es 1963. If this office may be of further assistance t o you, please do not hesitate to contact us. Sincerely, WOC :lo � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Le 7 osc dace! Ciry OF LOUISVILLE Oe + « RENTUCKY “4 77R WILLIAM ©. COWGER OFFICE OF THE MAyvorR July 2, 1963 MATOR Honorable Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta, Georgia Dear Mayor Allen: In answer to your request of July 1, we are enclosing a copy of Ordinance No. 66, Series 1963. If this office may be of further assistance to you, please do not hesitate to contact us. Sincerely, + Vibe cae WOC:lo  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 29 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/0f964d528b5c909824787a316208dd70.pdf 44ced5b8e9f71d8f2da47111c7d849e2 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. ORDINANCE NO. 66 SERIES 1963 AN ORDINANCE DEFINING DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES IN PLACES OF PUBLIC ACCOMODATION; PROHIBITING THE SAME; AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR THE VIOLATION THEREOF. WHEREAS, each member of the Board of Aldermen recognizes that the government of the City of Louisville was organized to protect and promote the health, safety, and welfare of all persons in the City of Louisville, including minority groups; and WHEREAS, each alderman is cognizant of his duty to protect and foster the welfare of persons residing in his ward and to prevent, insofar as possible, any discrimination in places of public accomodation on account of a person't race, color, religious beliefs, ancestry or national origin; and WHEREAS, in order to insure that there be no discriminatory practices in places of public accomodation on account of race, color, religious beliefs, ancestry or national origin BE IT ORDAINED BY THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN OF THE CITY OF LOUISVILLE: Section One. It is hereby declar ed to be the policy of the City of Louisville in the exercise of its licensing and police powers for the preservation of the peace and the protection of the comfort, healthl' welfare and safety of persons in the City of L:>uisville and to prohibit discriminatory practices in places of public accomodation as hereinafter defined. Section Two. When used herein: (a) The term "person" includes one or more individuals, partner- ships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, or other groups of persons. (b) The term "Commission" means the City of Louisville Hu·m an ~elations Commission as established by Ordinance No. 33 of the 1962 Ordinances �of the City of Louisville; and the t erm "Anti~Dis crimination Division" means a Boardj any three members of which sha ll constitute a quorumj consisting of five (5) members of the City of Louisville Human Relations Commissionj said five members to be designat ed by t he Mayor of the City of Louisville. (c) The phrase "Place of public accomodation" means any place of bus iness offering or holding out to t he gener al public services or facilities for the peace, comfor t j healthj welfare or safety of such general public includingj public places providing food~ shelt er 9 recreationj · enter tainment or amusement. Section Threeo Discr iminator y practices il as hereinafter defined, in places of public accomodation are hereby pr ohibited and declared unlawful. (a ) It s ha ll be a dis criminator y practice for the owner j lesseej manager j pr opritor j concessionair ej custodia:nj agent or employee of a place of public accomodation within t he City of Louisville to deny j to a ccord or to treat differently any per son in the s er \rice or sa le of any privilege j facility or commodity on account of his racej color j religious beliefs j ancestry or national or iginj or to segregate or requir e t he placing of any person in any separate s ection or area of the premises or facilities j of such place of public accomodation, or to deny j refuse or withhold from any pers on, on account of his race, color j r eligious beliefs j ancestr y or national or iginj full and equal accomodation advantages 9 facilities a nd pr ivileges in any ,p lace of public ac comodationo (b) It shall be a discriminatory practice t o place, postj main- tain, displayj or circulatej or knowingly cause 9 permit or a llow t he placingj posting, maintenance j display or ctrculatf.on of a ny written or printed advertisementj notice or sign of any kind of description to the effect that any of the accomodationsj advantages, facilitiesj or privileges c;>f any ,pla~~ of public accomodation will or may be r efused~ withheld from or denied to any person on account of his r a cej color religious beliefs j ancestry or national origin, 2 �. or that the patronage of any person is unwelcome 9 objectionable, or not acceptableil desired or solicited on account of his race 51 color ii religious beliefsil ancestry or national originj or that any person is required or requested to use any separate section or area of the premises or facilities on account of his race 9 color 9 religious beUefs, ancestry or national origino Section Four o The administration of this Ordinance shall be the responsibility of the City of Louisville :Suman Relations Commissiono The Anti-Discrimination Division shall have full operating responsibility under the supervision of the Commission for carrying out the provisions of this Ordinanceo In addition to any powers or duties heretofore conferred on said Commission it shall have the power and duty to~ (a) Receiveil investigate and seek to adjust complaints of diSCJ;'iminatory practices prohibited by this Ordinance and to initiate such complaints itselfo (b) By itself or through its Anti~Discrimination Division9 to hold publi~ or private hearings 9 administer oaths 9 and take the testimony of any person under oath relating to any matter under investigation or in questiono If a person9 against whom a complaint of discriminatory practice is made 9 shall be notified to attend any hearingil public or private, before the Commission or the AntiDiscrimination Division and he shall fail to attend such hearingil the Commission or the Anti- Discrimination Division 51 as the case may be1 may proceed to hold such hearing and make a determination in such persons absenceo Section Fiveo (a) Any person claiming to be aggrieved by a discriminatory practice prohibited by this Ordinance may make,_ .. $.ign and ·file ·,,··.· with the City of Louisville Human Relations Commission a complaint - 3-- �in writing under oath 1 which shall state the name and address of the public accomodation alleged to have committed the discriminatory practice and which shall s et forth the par ticular s thereof and contain such other information as may be required under rules established by the Commission. Such complaints shall be filed within thirty (30) days aft er the alleged discriminatory practice is committed. Th~ Commission1 if it has reason to believe that any person has engaged in a discriminat~rJ practice prohibited by this Ordinance, may adopt a resolution to that eff ect 1 whi ch resolution shall ·have the legal effect and status of a complaint filed with the Commission on the date s uch resolution is adopted. (b) Upon receipt of a complaint 1 the staff of the Commis sion shall promptly conduct a preliminary investigation. Upon the completion of such investigation 9 the complaint together with the results of the investigation sha ll be referred to the AntiDiscrimination Division. If the Anti-Dis_crimination Division determines from such investigation that a discrilninatory practice has been committed 9 that Division sha ll attempt an adjustment by means of conference and negotiations. A ten (10) day period after the filing of the complaint with the Commis s ion shall be allowed for this purpose. If the Anti-Discrimination Division det ermines that a discriminatory practice has not been committed 9 then it shall enter an order dismissing the complaint and s hall _promptly send copies thereof to the complainant and to the person complained against (hereinafter referred to as the respondent) of its action. The Anti-Discr ~mination Division shall report to the Commission at each of its monthly meetings the disposition of all comp.~ ints referred (c) In case of failure of conference or n~gotiations to obtain compliance with this Ordinance 9 the Anti-Discrimination Division1 no later than twenty (20) days after the complaint has - 4- �been r ef erred to it~ shall (unless the complaint has been dismissed as aforesaid) either certify the entir e case to the Director of I.aw for prosecution 1 or cause to be issued and served in the name of the Commission a written notice~ together with a copy of such complaint j requiring the respondent to answer the charges of such complaint at a hearing before the Anti-Discrimination Division at a time and place to be specified in such noticeo The notice of hearing shall be served upon the respondent no later than twenty (20) days after the complaint has been r eferred to the Anti- Dis crimination Divisio:no The place of such hear ing may be the office of the Commission or another place designated by ito The case in sqpport . of the complaint shall be presented at the hearing by a member of the Depart ment of Law of the City of Louisville who shall be counsel for the City of Louisville Human Relations Commissiono Any endeavors or negotiations for counciliation~ or admission or statement made in connection therewith shall not be received in evidenceo The respondent may file a written aMwer t o the complaint and appear at such hear ing in per son or ~ er wis e 1 with or without couns el~ and submit t estimony and be fully heardo The Anti-Discrimination Division conducting any hear ing may permit reasonable a mendments to any complaint or answer o The t estimony taken at such hearing shall be under oath and be t ranscribed at the request of either party or by direction of the Anti-Discrimination Divisiono Ji~ upon all the evidence~ the Anti- Discrimination Division finds that a respondent has engaged in any discr iminatory practice as defined in Section Three (3)j it shall state in writing its findings of fact and conclusions of law and shall issue and file with the Commission and cause to be s erved on the complainant and the r e~pondent an order requiring such respondent to cease and desist from such discriminatory practice or practices j and/ or requiring such affirmative action as it shall deem necessary to r emedy the violation and to - 5- �prevent its continuation or reoccurrence. If~ upon all the eviqence:, the Anti-Discr i mination Division finds that the respondent has not engaged in any alleged discriminatory practice~ it shall state its findings of fact and conclusions of law and shall similarly is~ue and file an order dismissing the complaint and cause copies thereof .i to be served upon the complainant ~ and the respondent. The Commission may establish rules of procedure to govern~ expedite and effectuate the procedures of Section Five of this Ordinance. d) If either the complain.ant or the respondent is not satisfied with the determination of the Anti- Discrimination Division:, he shall have the right to appea l such determination to the Commission with in ten (10) days after the date of entry of the order of said Division. No member of the Anti=Discrimination Division may participate in determination of an appea l. All decisions of the Commission o~ such appeals shall be by a majority vote. A quorum, for determination of appeals, shall cons ist of six (6) members. On appeal the Commis sion may affirm 9 modify or set aside the AntiDiscri mination Divisionvs ·order or make such other appropriate order as shall effectuat e the purposes of this Ordinanceo (e) In the event that the Anti-Discrimination Division shall have entered an order against the respondent from which no timely appeal is takeny and in those cases where such an order is entered by the Commission after appeal~ the Commission shall, in cases of non- compliance therewith9 certify the entire case to the Director of Law for prosecution. No prosecution shall be brought under th.is Ordinance except upon such ce~cation or upon certification to the Director of Law pursuant to Section Five (c) hereof. After certtfication7 the Director of Law shall prosecute the offender for violation of this Ordinanceo (f) All complaint.s 9 a nswers~ investigations, conferences and hearings held under and pursuant to this Ordinance shall - 6= �be held confidential by the Commission~ the Anti=Discr imination Division and their agents and employeeso The Commission or the Anti-Discrimination ,,f Division at the request of the,. .,complainant 9 or the r espondent 9 or on its own initiative 9 shall declare the hear ing provided for under Section Five (c) this ordi~ance to be a closed hearingo Ji no r equest is received from either the complainant or the respondent by the Commission or the AntiDis crimination Division r eque ting a closed hear ing 9 the hear ing provided for under Section Five (c) may be an open and public hearingo Provided9 how:. , ever that the complaint and the t r anscript of any hearing held under Section j) Five (c) of this Ordinance are declared to be public recordso Section Suto Subject to the certtfi cation required by Section Five (e):1 any persons violating any of the provisions of this Or dinance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not mor e than One Hundred Dollar s $1000 00) for ea ch offenseo I Section Seveno Three or more convictions of any person for violation of Section Three of this Ordinance shall9 if the Commission finds (after due notice and an opportunity to be heard) that the respondent is a continual offender ~ be deemed to constitute a public nuisance and a contumacious inter fer ence with the spir it and purpose of this Or dinanceo In the event of such occurrence 9 the Commission shall be empowered to refer _. the matt er to the Director of Law who shall ther eupon apply for appropriate injunctive reliefo Section Eighto In computing ti ire or periods of time 9 in this Ordinance 9 Sundays and legal holidays shall be excludedo Section Nineo All notices requir ed to be s ent to the comp],ainant, · respondent or any persons by any provision of thi.s Ordinance shall be sent by,_certifi ed United States Mail with a r eturn r eceipt requestedo � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document ORDINANCE NO, 66 SERIES 1963 AN ORDINANCE DEFINING DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES IN PLACES OF PUBLIC ACCOM- ODATION; PROHIBITING THE SAME; AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR THE VIOLATION THEREOF. WHEREAS, each member of the Board of Aldermen recognizes that the government of the City of Louisville was organized to protect and pro- mote the health, safety, and welfare of all persons in the City of Louisville, including minority groups; and WHEREAS, each alderman is cognizant of his duty to protect and foster the welfare of persons residing in his ward and to prevent, insofar as \ possible, any discrimination in places of public accomodation on account of a person't race, color, religious beliefs, ancestry or national origin; and WHEREAS, in order to insure that there be no discriminatory practices in places of public accomodation on account of race, color, religious beliefs, ancestry or national origin BE IT ORDAINED BY THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN OF THE CITY OF LOUISVILLE: Section One. It is hereby declared to be the policy of the City of Louisville in the exercise of its licensing and police powers for the preservation of the peace and the protection of the comfort, health, welfare and safety of persons in the City of Louisville and to prohibit discriminatory practices in places of public accomodation as hereinafter defined. Section Two. When used herein: (a) The term "person" includes one or more individuals, partner- ships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, or other groups of persons. (b) The term "Commission" means the City of Louisville Human Relations Commission as established by Ordinance No. 33 of the 1962 Ordinances iF  of the City of Louisville; and the term "Anti-Discrimination Division'' means a Board, any three members of which shall constitute a quorum, consisting of five (5) members of the City of Louisville Human Relations Commission, said five members to be designated by the Mayor of the City of Louisville. (c) The phrase "Place of public accomodation" means any place of business offering or holding out to the general public services or facilities for the peace, comfort, health, welfare or safety of such general public in- cluding, public places providing focd, shelter, recreation, entertainment or amusement. Section Three, Discriminatory practices, as hereinafter defined, in places of public accomodation are hereby prohibited and declared unlawful. (a) It shall be a discriminatory practice for the owner, lessee, manager, propritor, concessionaire, custodian, agent or employee of a place of public accomodation within the City of Louisville to deny, to accord or to treat differently any person in the service or sale of any privilege, facility or commodity on account of his race, color, religious beliefs, ancestry or national origin, or to segregate or require the placing of any person in any separate section or area of the premises or facilities, of such place of public accomodation, or to deny, refuse or withhold from any person, on account of his race, color, religious beliefs, ancestry or national origin, full and equal accomodation advantages, facilities and privileges in any place of public ac- comodation. (b) It shall be a discriminatory practice to place, post, main- tain, display, or circulate, or knowingly cause, permit or allow the placing, posting, maintenance, display or circulatfon of any written or printed adver- tisement, notice or sign of any kind of description to the effect that any of the accomodations, advantages, facilities, or privileges of any place of public accomodation will or may be refused, withheld from or denied to any person on account of his race, color religious beliefs, ancestry or national origin, ~2-  or that the patronage of any person is unwelcome, objectionable, or not acceptable, desired or solicited on account of his race, color, religious beliefs, ancestry or national origin, or that any person is required or requested to use any separate section or area of the premises or facilities on account of his race, color, religious beliefs, ancestry or national origin. Section Four. The administration of this Ordinance shall be the responsibility of the City of Louisville Human Relations Commission. The Anti-Discrimination Division shall have full operating responsibility under the supervision of the Commission for carrying out the provisions of this Ordinance. In addition to any powers or duties heretofore conferred on said Commission it shall have the power and duty to: (a) Receive, investigate and seek to adjust complaints of discriminatory practices prohibited by this Ordinance and to initiate such complaints itself. (b) By itself or through its Anti-Discrimination Division, to hold public or private hearings, administer oaths, and take the testimony of any person under oath relating to any matter under investigation or in question. If a person, against whom a complaint of discriminatory practice is made, shall be notified to attend any hearing, public or private, before the Commission or the Anti- Discrimination Division and he shall fail to attend such hearing, the Commission or the Anti-Discrimination Division, as the case may be, may proceed to hold such hearing and make a determination in such persons absence. Section Five. (a) Any person claiming to be aggrieved by a discrimina- tory practice prohibited by this Ordinance may make,. sign and file with the City of Louisville Human Relations Commission a complaint  in writing under oath, which shall state the name and address of the public accomodation alleged to have committed the discriminatory practice and which shall set forth the particulars thereof and contain such other information as may be required under rules es- tablished by the Commission. Such complaints shall be filed within thirty (30) days after the alleged discriminatory practice is commit- ted. The Commission, if it has reason to believe that any person has engaged in a discriminatpfy practice prohibited by this Ordinance, may adopt a resolution to that effect, which resolution shall — the legal effect and status of a complaint filed with the Commission on the date such resolution is adopted. (b) Upon receipt of a complaint, the staff of the Com- mission shall promptly conduct a preliminary investigation. Upon the completion of such investigation, the complaint together with the results of the investigation shall be referred to the Anti- Discrimination Division, If the Anti-Discrimination Division deter- mines from such investigation that a discriminatory practice has been committed, that Division shall attempt an adjustment by means of conference and negotiations. A ten (10) day period after the filing of the complaint with the Commission shall be allowed for this purpose, If the Anti-Discrimination Division determines that a discriminatory practice has not been committed, then it shall enter an order dismissing the complaint and shall promptly send copies thereof to the complainant and to the person complained against (hereinafter referred to as the respondent) of its action. The Anti-Discrimination Division shall report to the Commission at each of its aeathly meetings the disposition of all complaints referred to it. (c) In case of failure of conference or negotiations to obtain compliance with this Ordinance, the Anti-Discrimination Division, no later than twenty (20) days after the complaint has =4- = ey =| - =“ esr: al  been referred to it, shall (unless the complaint has been dismissed as aforesaid) either certify the entire case to the Director of Law for prosecution, or cause to be issued and served in the name of the Commission a written notice, together with a copy of such com- plaint, requiring the respondent to answer the charges of such com- plaint at a hearing before the Anti-Discrimination Division at a time and place to be specified in such notice. The notice of hear- ing shall be served upon the respondent no later than twenty (20) days after the complaint has been referred to the Anti-Discrimina- tion Division, The place of such hearing may he the office of the Commission or another place designated by it. The case in support of the complaint shall be presented at the hearing by a member of the Department of Law of the City of Louisville who shall be counsel for the City of Louisville Human Relations Commission. Any endeavors or negotiations for counciliation, or admission or statement made in connection therewith shall not be received in evidence, The res- pondent may file a written answer to the complaint and appear at such hearing in person or @therwise, with or without counsel, and submit testimony and be fully heard. The Anti-Discrimination Division conducting any hearing may permit reasonable amendments to any complaint or answer. The testimony taken at such hearing shall be under oath and be transcribed at the request of either party or by direction of the Anti-Discrimination Division. If, upon all the evidence, the Anti-Discrimination Division finds that a res- pondent has engaged in any discriminatory practice as defined in Section Three (3), it shall state in writing its findings of fact and conclusions of law and shall issue and file with the Commission and cause to be served on the complainant and the respondent an order requiring such respondent to cease and desist from such dis- criminatory practice or practices, and/or requiring such affirmative action as it shall deem necessary to remedy the violation and to ae prevent its continuation or reoccurrence. If, upon all the evidence, the Anti-Discrimination Division finds that the respondent has not engaged in any alleged discriminatory practice, it shall state its findings of fact and conclusions of law and shall similarly issue and file an order dismissing the complaint and cause copies thereof to be served upon the complainant, and the respondent. The Com- mission may establish rules of procedure to govern, expedite and effectuate the procedures of Section Five of this Ordinance. (d) If either the complainant or the respondent is not satisfied with the determination of the Anti-Discrimination Division, he shali have the right to appeal such determination to the Commis- sion with in ten (10) days after the date of entry of the order of said Division. No member of the Anti-Discrimination Division may participate in determination of an appeal, All decisions of the Commission on such appeals shall be by a majority vote. A quorum, for determination of appeals, shall consist of six (6) members. On appeal the Commission may affirm, modify or set aside the Anti- Discrimination Division's order or make such other appropriate order as shall effectuate the purposes of this Ordinance. (e) In the event that the Anti-Discrimination Division shall have entered an order against the respondent from which no timely appeal is taken, and in those cases where such an order is entered by the Commission after appeal, the Commission shall, in cases of non-compliance therewith, certify the entire case to the Director of Law for prosecution. No prosecution shall be brought under this Ordinance except upon such certification or upon certification to the Director of Law pursuant to Section Five (c) hereof. After certifi- cation, the Director of Law shall prosecute the offender for viola- tion of this Ordinance. (f) All complaints, answers, investigations, confer- ences and hearings held under and pursuant to this Ordinance shall =6=  be held confidential by the Commission, the Anti-Discrimination Division and their agents and employees. The Commission or the Anti-Discrimination Division at the request of thé complainant, or the respondent, or on its own initiative, shall declare the hearing provided for under Section Five (c) this ordijnance to be a closed hearing. If no request is received from either the complainant or the respondent by the Commission or the Anti- Discrimination Division requesting a closed hearing, the hearing provided for under Section Five (c) may be an open and public hearing. Provided, how- ever, that the complaint and the transcript of any hearing held under Section Five (c) of this Ordinance are declared to be public records. Section Six. Subject to the certification required by Section Five (e), any persons violating any of the provisions of this Ordinance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than One Hundred Doliars ($100, 00) for each offense. Section Seven. Three or more convictions of any person for violation of Section Three of this Ordinance shall, if the Commission finds (after due notice and an opportunity to be heard) that the respondent is a continual offender, be deemed to constitute a public nuisance and a contumacious interference with the spirit and purpose of this Ordinance. In the event of such occurrence, the Commission shall be empowered to refer _ the matter to the Director of Law who shall thereupon apply for appropriate injunctive relief. Section Eight. In computing time or periods of time, in this Ordinance, Sundays and legal holidays shall be excluded, Section Nine, All notices required to be sent to the complainant, respondent or any persons by any provision of this Ordinance shall be sent by certified United States Mail with a return receipt requested. sie  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 30 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/24c6a9c803211f43ba104bf856099780.pdf 0563addc6a417f6fa12991a2924af194 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. CITY OF ATLANTA .J . Date Area A ction Schools Court 01·der Department & variety stores lunch counters voluntary action 1/ 62 City Facilities voluntary (city officials) 5/62 Downtown and arts theatres voluntary* ff- 5/63 Negro firemen hired voluntary (city officials) Cr 6/63 Swimming pools court order - voluntary decision to open pools c . I)~ flE' 9/ 61 - A -7- rl' BJ) ,+ r+ 10/ 61 £"1i,)1 ~1<EB fiff .. () n V (city official ) 6/63 18 leading hotels voluntary 6/63 approx. 33 le ding i-estaurant voluntary lle/1 I Jid'/fJ. ~ In ach instance voluntary action consisted of coop rative action betw en operators of affected busine N gro 1 ad rship. e and r pon ibl � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Date Coe BE9/61 Q-T - Ww 10/61 (ell a2 1/62 Hat 5/62 5/63 - 2 6/63 ” R-8 6/63 A 6/63 CITY OF ATLANTA Area Schools Department & variety stores lunch counters City Facilities Downtown and arts theatres Negro firemen hired Swimming pools E, ap) ¢*EB 18 leading hotels approx. 23 leading restaurants Nero 4 be vA 23 ( a Action Court order voluntary action * voluntary (city officials) voluntary * voluntary (city officials) court order - voluntary decision to open pools (city officials) voluntary * voluntary * * In each instance voluntary action consisted of cooperative action between operators of affected businesses and responsible Negro leadership.  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 31 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/d3a4c96ec5dee64b94fcf13eea22ce3e.pdf 0f4d7a1d364224cb822a2124e4bbb18a Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Section Teno If any of the provisions of this Ordinance or portions thereof or the application of such provisions or portions to any person or circumstance shall be held invalid 1 the remainder of this Ordinance and its application to persons or circumstances other than those to which it is held invalid shall not be affected thereby. Section Eleveno This Ordinance shall become effective 120 days after the dat e of the passage thereof 1 and a,pprovat Is/ Jack Sherman (Acting COBoAo APPROVED~ 5/1 5/63 Is/ Kenneth Ao Schmied, / s/ p . B. A, William O. Cowger 1 MAYOR � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Section Ten, If any of the provisions of this Ordinance or portions thereof or the application of such provisions or portions to any person or circumstance shall be held invalid, the remainder of this Ordinance and its application to persons or circumstances other than those to which it is held invalid shall not be affected thereby. Section Eleven. This Ordinance shall become effective 120 days after the date of the passage thereof, and approval. /s/ Jack Sherman (Acting C. B.A. /s/ Kenneth A. Schmied, P. B.A. APPROVED: 5/15/63 /s/ William O. Cowger, MAYOR  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 32 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/2bff3a3215166c522878258ae1548b65.pdf 6ae00f62a230a62349505bdef6bf33f7 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. 520 P i n e Goleta , Ca lif July 16, 1 963 Ivan Al len, fa y o r City of Atl anta , Ge orgia Ho no r able Sir : In t h e city of Atlanta , live descendants of t h e Ifuguenots I , too , am d e s c-e nd ed from .. And aft er reading t h e e n closed sto r y by cle-arwr iting Cathe ri n e Ma c k in I ' m glad t h ey we n t to Atlanta ! Throu~h tut t h e est, and I assum e t h ro ughou t t h e Unit e d States ~ ne ws p-ape rs c a rry front pag e s -tories n early every da y about t h e Sout h ' s racr~ i n ci den ts. In t h e gro ce ries~ i n t e l aundr oma ts , i n t h e a ters , on ve h icles of ub lic tr ansportation , wh erever c asua l co nversat io n s occur - r a c e p roble ms are dis c us sed . 0-- I wa s born and live d until I wa s 9,. in a v ery segr ~te d ,, very lo ya lly S o uthern , Texas to wn . Th en we moved to Seattle - a t a ti me wh e n very few So uth erners ev e r left t h e So uth , i n 1915, just be fore orld ~ r I ~ Here I was c a ta pu lted into a melting - p ot t yp e s c ho ol~ The teac:hllr t augh t Ci v il Wa r History rral l wrong," and inward ly I r ag e d .. She t h o ugh t I p ronou n ced " p ou nd s when we studied a rit hmetic, all wro ng , and kept me in du ring t h e lunc h hour to le arn to p ronounce o ur l ang u ag e ri gh t." I cried and k e p t protesting I was p ronou n c ing it right .. My fam ily was i ndignant a t h er intoleran c e ~ a c hild ' s· Southern accent but in time, of course , she s u ccee d e d in ob liter at i ng it. ITy happ ier means , my fe eli ng that only those s-kin the color o f mi n e , ha ir wit h t h e d e g ree best " people . There wer e Chinese, J apanese, Negro , Canadian ,, Italian and F re n c h c hildren with e y es sha p e d l!_ike mine,, of curl of mine,, wer e 111 the Russian Jew , German Je w , i n my room. I le arned with awe, that the very short-sighted little Chinese gir l and her e qual ly short-sighted lit tl e ye llow b IJ-othe r,, struggling with English ,, wer~ t h e best students in the room . I learned that the Jewish youngsters went not only to our school, but a t 4, to one c ondu cted by the rabbi, and Saturdays,, for piano a n d violin lessons - and I saw no signs they were "less than me" in anything they accomplished •. They were ttbetter l " And the Negro c hildren awed us with songs t hey knew from a slave· grandm,ot 1er - songs sung throatily in mel odious voices. They got along as well in sc ho ol as I did 9 and I ~ ~ ~ ~ r o moted twice in Texas . Wh en race problems occur~ t a y ,, or I hear them discussed ,. I think how the Negro c h ildren sympathized wh en I skinned my knee - and tore up a handkerchief to bandage it~ When fought Japan, and hated" the Japanese~ I re c alled truth and loyalty - not treachery - from my days with Ja p anese playmates . When I attended University of Wash in g ton, I attended a Sociology course "Race Problems" with students from all over the world - and earnestly we explored ou.:r likenesses - as wel l as the differences environment proclucea, �2'- 2 - 2 The le a rned, worl d- tr a veled p rofessor,, R .,D .. Mc Kenzie ,. no w dead, p r e·di c·ted even t h en ( 1 927) eve ntua l ar with Japan - be c aus e , he sa i d ,. " t h e Uni t ed States· re pudia ted the "Gentle men ' s Agreement ' wh ile t h e Ja pan ese · were a ssi du ously keep i ng t h eir side of t h e b a r ga in - and Ja panese. ' fa c e ' will never recover wit hou t return i ng t h e blow~'n ().A? ffe p're d i c ted tro ub l e a he ad in the United St at es , e groe s slowly i mp roved fr om t h eir state of servitud e;- be c am e able to le arn o f free dom ,, e qu ality and d e mocr a c y - for whi tes but not for them . In t wo World Wa rs , Negroes le a rned abroad of an e qua lity of tre a t ment t h ey had not known at h ome . They le a r n ed Ameri c a loves their music, and t h eir strength in athleti c pu rs u its . The inevitab le dem a nd for c ompiete e qua lity of tre a t ment , so upsetting to so many wh ites , our Dr~ e n z·~ ~ o p ro phesied . Iir i's(Jrd to u e a rn any att itude ga i ned in c h il dho o d ,, and Americans toda y . in ever stat e , are b eing ask e d to unlearn more attitudes and to, ad o p t new ones tan ha s ever occurred before . This is tr u e a ll over the wo rl d . Fo hundr eds - nay , t housands , even milli ons , of years, generat ion aft r gene r at io n live d a li ke , thought a li ke ,, p roduced cra ft alike ., Dr ., Adan r.11reganza , speaking of Ca lif ornia Indians , de cl are d that any Indian girl who might want t o c reat n e w designs to weave into h er baskets,, would thoug~t sick~ Basket designs , at tit udes toward neighboring tribes , ways to, deal with the god s , mag ic for inaking the game a·pvea r for the hu-:::Oter - t h es e were· le a rned from tribal me mbe rs, and for untQ]d ages, went unqu e st i oned . To day - Grand f ath ers ar e s c ar cel y done v owi ng man wi l l never penetrat~ oute r spac e ,, when a grands on - aged youngester d oes it., And in our re'lations with ot h er nati on s, c h il dr en either study . and come to re~ p e c~,, cultures of o th ers - or , if at the moment we are having differences with thhee nations - c hildr en le arn a t titudes of suspicion and fear toward them ., Somehow, in Atlanta - fortunately - a ttitudes must have been long agrowing of "live and let live." How wonderful i f more cities can follow Atlanta ' s example. But even more wonderful it wold be i:f cities· can go one step further : " Live , and help live! B'ecause America ' s Negroes. do1 need he lp,, in order to 1 i ve . It isn ' t Christian , it isn ' t neighborly t to become observers,h ere :- to say,"Okay 9 now NBgroes have their freedom .. Let ' s just wait - they ' 11 make a bust o f us i ng it ! " inclined to ward They d~ need friendly guidance : people mml!l.IUl mnm neighborliness or m,ore formally trained inteaching to point out ," VTe do things this way. 111 Heck ,. I didn ' t know why cli pping the grass edging t1e sidewal·~ of my new trailer home was so difficult until a neighbor pointed out I didn ' t have the right tool !/ Uses of language, housekeeping methods , persona l grooming - these things,. some Negroes need to le8rn. Other Negroes or whites need teach them: people · · · · who are white living in farm areas,. are a so " 0 t1t of place" when first the) move to •own.' • More· po ver to you , a yift,; to ~ tlanta ! Very truly yours ~ ~ . ·t ois Hennessy - retired newswri er ' s_: , � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document 520 Pine Goleta, Calif July 16, 1963 Ivan Allen, Mayor i City of Atlanta, Georgia Honorable Sir: In the city of Atlanta, live descendants of the Huguenots I, too, am descended from. And after reading the enclosed story by clear— writing Catherine Mackin — I'm glad they went to Atlanta! Throughtut the West, and I assume throughout the United States, news— papers) carry front page stories nearly every day about the South's race: incidents. In the groceries, in the laundromats, in theaters, om vehicles of public transportation, wherever casual conversations occur — race problems are discussed. I was born and lived until I was 9, in a very segrdated, very loyally Southern, Texas town. Then we moved to Seattle — at a time when very few Southerners ever left the South, in 1915, just before World Wr Tg Cn or ee ee Here I was catapulted into a melting—pot type school. The teachbr taught Civil War History "all wrong," and inwardly I raged. She thought I pronounced "pounds" when we studied arithmetic, all wrong, and kept me in during the lunch hour "to learn to pronounce our language right." I cried and kept protesting I was pronouncing it right. My J family was: indignant at her intolerance of a child's Southern accent — but in time, of course, she succeeded in obliterating it. By happier means, my feeling that only those with eyes shaped like mine, skin the color of mine, hair with the degree of curl of mine, were "the best" people. There were Chinese, Japanese, Russian Jew, German Jew, Negro, Canadian, Italian and French children in my room. I learned with awe that the very short-sighted little Chinese girl and her equally short-sighted little yellow byother, struggling with English, were the best students in the room. I learned that the Jewish youngsters went not only to our school, but at 4, to one conducted by the rabbi, and Saturdays, for piano and violin lessons — and I saw no signs they were "less than me” in anything they accomplished. They were"better !" And the Negro children awed us with songs they knew from a slave grand— moter — songs sung throatily in melodious voices. They got along as well in school as I did, and I hag been doubly promoted twice in Texas. Negro children sympathized/when I skinned my knee - and tore up a handker— chief to bandage it. When fought Japan, and "hated" the Japanese, I recalled truth and loyalty — not treachery — from my days with Japanese playmates. When race problems occur woes or I hear them discussed, I think how the When I attended University of Washington, I attended a Sociology course "Race Problems" with students from all over the world — and earnestly we explored our likenesses — as well as the differences environment produces 2-2-2 The learned, world-—traveled professor, R.D. McKenzie, now dead, pre— dicted even then (1927) eventual war with Japan — because, he said, "the United States repudiated the "Gentlemen's Agreement' while the Japanese were assiduously keeping their side of the bargain — and Japanese: 'face' will never recover without returning the blow." Co He predicted trouble ahead in the United States, end Negroes slowly improved from their state of servitudes became able to learn of free— dom, equality and democracy — for whites but not for them. In two World Wars, Negroes learned abroad of an equality of treat— ment they had not known at home. They learned America loves their music and their strength in athletic pursuits.The inevitable demand for complete equality of treatment, so upsetting to so many whites, our Dr. McKenziey long ago prophesied. Wyre race feo, It is Mard to uplearn any attitude gained in childhood, and Americans today{ in every state, are being asked to unlearn more attitudes and to adopt/new ones than has ever occurred before. This is true all over the world. For hundreds — nay, thousands, even millions, of years, generation aftdr generation lived alike, thought alike, produced craft alike. Dr. Adan\ Treganza, speaking of California Indians, declared that any Indian girl\who might want to creat new designs to weave into her baskets, would thought sick. Basket designs, attitudes toward neigh— boring tribes, ways to deal with the gods, magic for making the game ap— pear for the hucnter — these were learned from tribal members, and for untold ages, went unquestioned. Today — Grandfathers are scarcely done vowing man will never penetrate outer space, when a grandson—-aged youngester does it. And in our re— lations with other nations, children either study, and come to respect, cultures of others -— or, if at the moment we are having differences with thhese nations - children learn attitudes of suspicion and fear toward them... Somehow, in Atlanta - fortunately — attitudes must have been long a-— growing of "live and let live." How wonderful if more cities can follow Atlanta's example. But even more wonderful it wold be if cities can go one step further: "Live, and help live! Because America's Negroes do need help, in order to live. It isn't Christian, it isn't neighborly, to become observers,here: to say,"Okay, now Neproes have their freedom. Let's just wait — they'll make a bust ; are of using it! inclined toward They do need friendly guidance: people hmannerimmm neighborliness or more formally trained inteaching to point out," We do things this way." Heek, I didn't know why clipping the grass edging the sidewalx of my new trailer home was so difficult until a neighbor pointed out I didn't have the right tool lf Uses of language, housekeeping methods, personal grooming — these things, some Negroes need to learn. Other Negroes or whites need Segoe them: ye. « ; who are white, living in farm areas, are, so “out of place” when firs - I move to tom. . . More power to you, 8: a to Atlanta? Very truly yours 6is Hennessy — retired newswriter  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 33 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/e2acb24fe559a90f28da6b8f27e89eba.pdf 1132310a49eb52a29b334c659caa6837 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. .J I STATEMENT by IVA N A L LEN, JR . MAYOR OF ATLANTA, GA. BEFO RE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE REGARDING s. 1 732 BILL T O ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS AFFECT ING INTERSTATE COMMERCE July 2 6, 19 63 �STATEMENT BY IVAN ALLEN, JR. MAYOR OF ATLANTA July 2 6, 19 63 Mr. Chairman and Members of the Senate Commerce Committee: I am honored to appear before your Committee. At the beginning I would like to make it clear that I feel qualified to speak on the subject under discussion which is the elimination. of racial discrimination, on what I have learned from personal experience a nd observation in my home city of Atlanta, Georgia. As perceptive men of wide experience I feel confident that you will a g ree with me tha t this is as serious a basic problem in the North, East and We st as it is in the South. It must b e defined as an all-American problem, which requires an all-American solution based on local thought, local action and local cooperation. The 500, 000 people who live within our city limits consist of 300 , 000 white citizens and slightly more than 200, 000 Negro citizens. That makes the population of Atlanta 60 percent white, 40 percent Negro. That 60 - 40 percentage emphasizes how essential it is for the people of Atlanta, on their local level, to solve the problem of racial discrimination in order to make Atlanta a bette r place in which to live. Elimination of racial descrimination is no far off philosophical the ory to the more than one million people who live in and around Atlanta. The problem is part and parcel of our daily lives. Its solution must be studied and wo rke d out on our homefront. As the mayor of the Southeast ' s large st city, I can say to you out of first hand experi e nce and first hand knowl edge that nowhere does the p roblem of e liminating discrimination between the races strike so closely home as it does to the local elected public official. He is the man who cannot pass the bu ck. From this viewpoint, I speak of the proble m as having b een brought into sharp focus by decis ions of the Supreme Court of the �United States and then generally ignored by the Presidents and Congresses of the United States. Like a foundling baby, this awesome problem has been left on the doorsteps of local governments throughout the nation. Now to take up specifics. You gentlemen invited me to tell you how Atlanta has achieved a considerable measure of comparative success in dealing with racial discrimination. It is true that Atlanta has achieved success in eliminating discrimination in areas where some other cities have failed, but we do not boast of our success. Instead of boasting, we say with the humility of those who believe in reality that we have achieved our measure of success only because we looked facts in the face and accepted the Supreme Court's decisions as inevitable and as the law of our land. Having embraced realism in general, we then set out to solve specific problems by local cooperation between people of good will and good sense representing both races. In attacking the specific problems, we accepted the basic truth that the solutions which we sought to achieve in every instance granted to our Negro citizens rights which white American citizens and businesses previously had reserved to themselves as special privileges. These special privileges long had been propped up by a multitude of local ordinances and statewide laws which had upheld racial segregation in almost every conceivable form. In Atlanta we had plenty of the props of prejudice to contend with when we set out to solve our specific problems of discrimination. In attacking these problems, I want to emphasize that in not one single instance have we retained or enhanced the privileges of segregation. It has been a long, exhausting and often discouraging process and the end is far from being in sight. In the 1950 1 s Atlanta made a significant start with a series of reasonable eliminations of discrimination such as on golf courses and public transportation. We began to become somewhat conditioned for more extensive and definitive action, which has been taking place in the 19 60 1 s. During the past two and a half years, Atlanta has taken the following major steps to eliminate racial discrimination : -2- �1. In September, 1961, we began removing discrimination in public schools in response to a court order. 2. In October, 1961, lunch counters in department and variety stores abolished discrimination by voluntary action. 3. On January 1, 1962 Atlanta city facilities were freed from discrimination by voluntary action of municipal officials. 4 . In March, 1962 downtown and arts theatres, of their own volition, abolished discrimination in seating. 5. On January 1, 1963, the city voluntarily abolished separate employment listings for whites and Negroes. 6. In March, 196 3 the city employed Negro firemen. ago employed Negro policemen . It long 7. In May of 1963 the Atlanta Real Estate Board (white) and the Empire Real Estate Board (Negro) issued a Statement of Purposes, calling for ethical handling of real estate transactions in controversial areas. 8 . In June, 19 63, the city government opened all municipal swimming pools on a desegregated basis. This was voluntary action to comply with a court order. 9. A l s o in June, 1963, 18 hote ls and motels, representing the l e a ding pla ce s of public accommodations in the city, voluntarily removed all segregation for conventions. 10 . Again, in June, 1963 more than 30 of the city's leading res t a u r ants , of their own volition, abolished segregation in their faci lities. You can re adily see that Atlanta's steps have been taken in s ome instance s in compliance with cou r t decisions, and in other inst a n ces t he st e ps have been voluntary prior to any court action. In each i nst a n ce the action has resulted in white citizens relinqu i shin g s pe cial p r iv ileges which they had enjoyed under the practices of raci a l discri mination. E a c h action also has r esulted i n the Negro c itize n being give n rights which all others previously had enjoyed and whi ch he has been denied. As I mentioned at the be ginni ng, Atlanta has a chieved only -3- �a measure of success. I think it would assist you in understanding this if I explained how limited so fa r has been this transition from the old segregate d society of generations past, and also how limited so far has been the participation of the Negro citizens. Significant as is the voluntary elimination of discrimination in our leading restaurants, it affects so far only a small percentage of the hundreds of eating places in our city. And participation b y Negroes so far has been very slight. For example, one of Atlanta ' s topmost restaurants served only 16 out of Atlanta's 200,000 Negro citizens during the first week of freedom from discrimination. The plan fo r e liminating discrimination in hotels as yet takes care only of conv e ntion de legates. Although prominent Negroes have been accepte d as guests in several Atlanta hotels, the Negro citizens, as a whole, seldom appear at Atlanta hotels. Underlying all the emotions of the situation, is the matter of economics. It should be r e membere d that the right to use a facility does not mean that it will b e used or m i sused by any group, especially the group s in the lowe r e conomic status. The statements I h ave givep you cover the actual progress made by Atlanta toward total elimination of discrimination. Now I w ou ld like to submit m y personal reasons why I think Atlanta has r e s olve d s ome of t he se problems while in other cities, s olutions hav e s ee med i mpossib l e and st r ife and conflict have res ulted . As a n illust ration, I would like to desc ribe a rece nt visit of an official de legation fr om a gre a t Easte rn city which has a Negro population of over 60 0 , 000 c onsisting of in e x cess of 20% of its whole population . The m emb e r s of thi s de l egation at first simply did not under stand and would hardly b e liev e t hat t he busin e ss , civic and political intere sts of A tla nta h a d inte ntly c on cerne d themselves with the Ne g r o population. I s t ill do not be lieve tha t they are convinced t hat a ll of our c iv i c bodies b acke d by the publi c interest and sup p orte d by the City Governme nt have da ily conce rne d thems e lves w ith an effort to solve our gravest proble m -- whic h i s re la tions b etween our races . Gentlemen, Atlanta has n ot s wept t his -4- �question under the rug at any point. Step by step - sometimes under Court order - sometimes voluntarily moving ahead of pressures - sometimes adroitly - and many times clumsily - we have tried to find a solution to each specific problem through an agreement between the affected white ownership and the Negro leadership. To do this we have not appointed a huge general bi-racial committee which too often merely becomes a burial place for unsolved problems. By contrast, each time a specific problem has come into focus, we have appointed the people involved to work out the solution . . . Theatre owners to work with the top Negro leaders . . . or hotel owners to work with the top leadership . . . or certain restaurant owners who of their own volition dealt with top Negro leadership. By developing the lines of communication and respectability, we have been able to reach amicable solutions. Atlanta is the world's center of Negro higher education. There are six great Negro universities and colleges located inside our city limits. Because of this, a g reat number of inte lligent, well-educated Negro citizens have chosen to remain in our city. As a result of their education, they have had the ability to develop a prosperous Negro business community. In Atlanta it consists of financial institutions like banks - building and loan associations life insura n ce companie s - chain drug store s - real e state de ale rs. In fa ct, they have deve lope d busine ss organizations, I b e lieve, in almost every line of acknowledged American business. There are also many Negro professional men. Then there is another powerful factor working in the behalf of g ood r aci a l re lations in ou r city. W e have n e ws m e dia , both white a n d Negro, whose leaders str ong ly b e liev e a nd put i nto p ractice t he great truth that responsibility of the press (and by this I mean radio and t e levision as well as the written press) is inseparable from freedom of the press . T h e leade rship of our w r itten, s poken and t e levi se d news m e dia join wit h the business a nd gov ernment leaders hip, both white and Ne g r o, in working to solve our p r oblems . We are f o rtun a t e t hat we hav e one of the wor l d famous editorial spokesmen for reas on a n d moderation on one of our white newspape r s, a long with othe r e dito r s and many r e porte rs who stre ss significance rather tha n s e nsation in the reporting and interp ret a tion of wha t happens in our cit y. - 5- �And we are fortunate in having a strong Negro daily newspaper, The Atlanta Daily World, and a vigorous Negro weekly, The Atlanta Inquirer. The Atlanta Daily World is owned by a prominent Negro family the Scott family - which owns and operates a number of other newspapers. The sturdy voices of the Atlanta Daily World and the Atlanta Inquirer, backed by the support of the educational, business and religious community, reach out to our Negro citizens. They speak to them with factual information upon which they can rely. They express opinions and interpretations in which they can have faith. As I see it, our Negro leadership in Atlanta is responsible and constructive. I am sure that our Negro leadership is as desirous of obtaining additional civic and economic and personal rights as is any American citizen. But by constructive I mean to define Atlanta's Neg.ro leadership as being realistic - as recognizing that it is more important to obtain the rights they seek than it is to stir up demonstrations. So it is to the constructive means by which these rights can be obtained that our Negro leaders constantly address themselves. They are interested in results instead of rhetoric. They reach for lasting goals instead of grabbing for momentary publicity. They are realists, not rabble rousers. Afong with integration they want integrity. I do not believe that any sincere American citizen desires to see the rights of private business restricted by the Federal Government unless such restriction is absolutely necessary for the welfare of the people of this country. On the other hand, following the line of thought of the decisions of the Federal Courts in the past 15 years, I am not convinced that current rulings of the Courts would grant to American business the privilege of discrimination by race in the selection of its customers. Here again we get into the area of what is right and what is b est for the people of this country. If the privilege of selection based on race and color should be granted then would we be giving to business the right to set up a segregated economy? . . . And if so, how fast would this right be utilized by the Nation's people? . . . And how soon would we again be going through the old turmoil of riots , strife, demonstrations, boycotts, picketing? - 6- �Are we going to say that it i s all right for the Ne g ro citizen to go into the bank of Main stre et to deposit his earnings or borrow money, then to go the de partment store t o buy what he needs, to go to the supermarket to purchase food for his family, and so on along Main street until he comes to a restaurant or a hotel -- In all these other business places he is treated just like any other customer - But when he comes to the restaurant or the hotel, are we going to say that it is right and legal for the operators of these businesses, merely as a matter of conve nience, to insist that the Negro's citizenship be changed and that, as a second class citizen, he is to be. refused s e rvice? I submit that it is not right to allow an American's citi zenship to be changed merely as a matter of convenience. If the Cong r e ss should fa il to cla rify the issue at the pre s e nt time, then by inference it would be saying that you could begin dis crimination under the guise of private business. I do not believe that this is what the Supreme Cour t has inte nded with its decisions. I do not believe t hat this is the intent of Congress or the people of this country . I a.in not a la wyer, Se nators . I am not sure I clearly under stand all of the t e stimony inv o lvi n g various a m e ndments to the Constitution a nd the Commerce cla u se which has been given to this Committee . I h a v e a fu ndament a l res pect for the Constitution of the Unite d Sta t es. Under t h is C ons tituti on we h av e a lways b een able to do what is b e st fo r a ll of the pe ople of this country. I b eg of you not to l e t t his issue of discrim ination .drown in legalistic waters. I am firm ly convinced that the Supreme Court ins i s t s tha t the s ame fundam e n t al rights must b e held b y every American c itizen . Atlanta is a case that proves that the proble m of discrimination can be solved to s ome ext e nt . . . and I u se this "some ext ent" cautiously . . . as we certainly have n ot solved all of the problems; but we have met them in a number of areas. This can b e done locally , volunt arily, and by private busine ss itself! On t he other hand, there are hundreds of communities and cit ies, certainly throughout the nation that have n ot ever addressed themse lves to the issue . Whereas, others have flagrantly ignored t he demand, a nd today, stand in a ll defiance to any change. The Congre ss of the Unit e d St a t es i s now confronte d with a grave decision. Sha ll you pass a public accommodation b ill that - 7- �forces this issue? Or, shall you create another round of disputes over segregation by refusing to pass such legislation? Surely, the Congress realizes that after having failed to take any definite action on this subject in the last ten years, to fail to pass this bill would amount to an endorsement of private business setting up an entirely new status of discrimination throughout the nation. Cities like Atlanta might slip backwards. Hotels and restaurants that have already taken this issue upon themselves and opened their doors might find it convenient to go back to the old status. Failure by Congress to take definite action at this time is by inference an endorsement of the right of private business to practice racial discrimination and, in my opinion, would start the same old round of squabbles and demonstrations that we have had in the past. Gentlemen, if I had y our problem armed with the local experience I have had, I would pass a public accommodation bill. Such -a bill, however, should provide an opportunity for each local government first to meet this problem and attempt to solve it on a local, voluntary basis, with each business making its own decis ion . I realize that it is quite easy to ask you to give an opportunity to each businessman in each city to make his decision and to accomplish such an objective . . . but it is extremely difficult to l egislate such a problem. What I am trying to say is that the pupil placement plan, which has been widely used in the South, provided a time table approved by the Federal c ourts which h elped in getting over troubled water of elimination of discrimination in public schools. It seems to me that cities working with private business institutions could now move into the same area and that the federal government l egislat ion should be based on the idea that those businesses have a reasonable time to accomplish such an act. I think a public accommodation law now should stand only as the last resort to assure that discrimination is eliminated, but that such a law would grant a reasonable time for cities and businesses to carry out this function before federal intervention. It might even be necessary that the time factor be made more l enient in favor of smaller cities and communities, for we all know that large metropolitan areas have the capability of adjusting to changes more r apidly than smaller communities. -8- �Perhaps this, too, should be given consideration in your legislation. But the point I want to emphasize again is that now is the time for legislative action. We cannot dodge the issue. We cannot look back over our shoulders or turn the clock back to the 1860's. We must take action now to assure a greater future for our citizens and our country. A hundred years ago the abolishment of slavery won the United States the acclaim of the whole world when it made every American free in theory. Now the elimination of segregation, which is slavery's stepchild, is a challenge to all of us to make every American free in fact as well as in theory - and again to establish our nation as the true champion of the free world. Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee, I want to thank you for the opportunity of telling you about Atlanta's efforts to provide equality of citizenship to all within its borders. - 9- � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document STATEMENT by IVAN ALLEN, JR. MAYOR OF ATLANTA, GA. BE FORE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE REGARDING S. 1732 BILL TO ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS AFFECTING INTERSTATE COMMERCE July 26, 1963 STATEMENT BY IVAN ALLEN, JR. MAYOR OF ATLANTA July 26, 1963 Mr. Chairman and Members of the Senate Commerce Committee: Iam honored to appear before your Committee. At the beginning I would like to make it clear that I feel quali- fied to speak on the subject under discussion which is the elimination. of racial discrimination, on what I have learned from personal experience and observation in my home city of Atlanta, Georgia. As perceptive men of wide experience I feel confident that you will agree with me that this is as serious a basic problem in the North, East and West as it is in the South. It must be defined as an all-American problem, which requires an all-American solution based on local thought, local action and local cooperation. The 500,000 people who live within our city limits consist of 300,000 white citizens and slightly more than 200, 000 Negro citizens. That makes the population of Atlanta 60 percent white, 40 percent Negro. That 60 - 40 percentage emphasizes how essential it is for the people of Atlanta, on their local level, to solve the problem of racial discrimination in order to make Atlanta a better place in which to live. Elimination of racial descrimination is no far off philosophical theory to the more than one million people who live in and around Atlanta. The problem is part and parcel of our daily lives. Its solution must be studied and worked out on our homefront. As the mayor of the Southeast's largest city, I can say to you out of first hand experience and first hand knowledge that nowhere does the problem of eliminating discrimination between the races strike so closely home as it does to the local elected public official. He is the man who cannot pass the buck. From this viewpoint, I speak of the problem as having been brought into sharp focus by decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States and then generally ignored by the Presidents and Congresses of the United States. Like a foundling baby, this awe- some problem has been left on the doorsteps of local governments throughout the nation. Now to take up specifics. You gentlemen invited me to tell you how Atlanta has achieved a considerable measure of comparative success in dealing with racial discrimination. It is true that Atlanta has achieved success in eliminating discrimination in areas where some other cities have failed, but we do not boast of our success. Instead of boasting, we say with the humility of those who believe in reality that we have achieved our measure of success only because we looked facts in the face and accepted the Supreme Court's decisions as inevitable and as the law of our land. Having embraced realism in general, we then set out to solve specific problems by local cooperation between people of good will and good sense representing both races. In attacking the specific problems, we accepted the basic truth that the solutions which we sought to achieve in every instance granted to our Negro citizens rights which white American citizens and businesses previously had reserved to themselves as special privileges. These special privileges long had been propped up by a multitude of local ordinances and statewide laws which had upheld racial segregation in almost every conceivable form. In Atlanta we had plenty of the props of prejudice to contend with when we set out to solve our specific problems of discrimination. In attacking these problems, I want to emphasize that in not one single instance have we retained or enhanced the privileges of segregation. It has been a long, exhausting and often discouraging process and the end is far from being in sight. In the 1950's Atlanta made a significant start with a series of reasonable eliminations of discrimination such as on golf courses and public transportation. We began to become somewhat con- ditioned for more extensive and definitive action, which has been taking place in the 1960's. During the past two and a half years, Atlanta has taken the following major steps to eliminate racial discrimination: we 1. In September, 1961, we began removing discrimination in public schools in response to a court order. 2. In October, 1961, lunch counters in department and variety stores abolished discrimination by voluntary action. 3. On January 1, 1962 Atlanta city facilities were freed from discrimination by voluntary action of municipal officials. 4, In March, 1962 downtown and arts theatres, of their own volition, abolished discrimination in seating. o. OnJanuary 1, 1963, the city voluntarily abolished separate . employment listings for whites and Negroes. 6. In March, 1963 the city employed Negro firemen. It long ago employed Negro policemen. 7. In May of 1963 the Atlanta Real Estate Board (white) and the Empire Real Estate Board (Negro) issued a Statement of Purposes, calling for ethical handling of real estate transactions in controversial areas. 8. In June, 1963, the city government opened all municipal swimming pools ona desegregated basis. This was voluntary action to comply with a court order. 9. Also in June, 1963, 18 hotels and motels, representing the leading places of public accommodations in the city, voluntarily removed all segregation for conventions. 10. Again, in June, 1963 more than 30 of the city's leading restaurants, of their own volition, abolished segregation in their facilities. You can readily see that Atlanta's steps have been taken in some instances in compliance with court decisions, and in other instances the steps have been voluntary prior to any court action. In each instance the action has resulted in white citizens relin- quishing special privileges which they had enjoyed under the practices of racial discrimination. Each action also has resulted in the Negro citizen being given rights which all others previously had enjoyed and which he has been denied. As I mentioned at the beginning, Atlanta has achieved only -3- a measure of success. I think it would assist you in understanding this if I explained how limited so far has been this transition from the old segregated society of generations past, and also how limited so far has been the participation of the Negro citizens. Significant as is the voluntary elimination of discrimination in our leading restaurants, it affects so far only a small percentage of the hundreds of eating places in our city. And participation by Negroes so far has been very slight. For example, one of Atlanta's topmost restaurants served only 16 out of Atlanta's 200,000 Negro citizens during the first week of freedom from discrimination. The plan for eliminating discrimination in hotels as yet takes care only of convention delegates. Although prominent Negroes have been accepted as guests in several Atlanta hotels, the Negro citizens, as a whole, seldom appear at Atlanta hotels. Underlying all the emotions of the situation, is the matter of economics. It should be remembered that the right to use a facility does not mean that it will be used or misused by any group, espe- cially the groups in the lower economic status. The statements I have given you cover the actual progress made by Atlanta toward total elimination of discrimination. Now I would like to submit my personal reasons why I think Atlanta has resolved some of these problems while in other cities, solutions have seemed impossible and strife and conflict have resulted. As an illustration, I would like to describe a recent visit of an official delegation from a great Eastern city which has a Negro population of over 600,000 consisting of in excess of 20% of its whole population, The members of this delegation at first simply did not under- stand and would hardly believe that the business, civic and political interests of Atlanta had intently concerned themselves with the Negro population. I still do not believe that they are convinced that all of our civic bodies backed by the public interest and sup- ported by the City Government have daily concerned themselves with an effort to solve our gravest problem -- which is relations between our races. Gentlemen, Atlanta has not swept this question under the rug at any point. Step by step - sometimes under Court order - sometimes voluntarily moving ahead of pressures - sometimes adroitly - and many times clumsily - we have tried to find a solution to each specific problem through an agreement between the affected white ownership and the Negro leadership. To do this we have not appointed a huge general bi-racial committee which too often merely becomes a burial place for un- solved problems. By contrast, each time a specific problem has come into focus, we have appointed the people involved to work out the solution. . . Theatre owners to work with the top Negro leaders . . . or hotel owners to work with the top leadership. . . or certain restaurant owners who of their own volition dealt with top Negro leadership. By developing the lines of communication and respectability, we have been able to reach amicable solutions. Atlanta is the world's center of Negro higher education, There are six great Negro universities and colleges located inside our city limits. Because of this, a great number of intelligent, well-educated Negro citizens have chosen to remain in our city. As a reSult of their education, they have had the ability to develop a prosperous Negro business community. In Atlanta it consists of financial institutions like banks - building and loan associations - life insurance companies - chain drug stores - real estate dealers. In fact, they have developed business organizations, I believe, in almost every line of acknowledged American business. There are also many Negro professional men. Then there is another powerful factor working in the behalf of good racial relations in our city. We have news media, both white and Negro, whose leaders strongly believe and put into practice the great truth that responsibility of the press (and by this I mean radio and television as well as the written press) is inseparable from freedom of the press. The leadership of our written, spoken and televised news media join with the business and government leadership, both white and Negro, in working to solve our problems. We are fortunate that we have one of the world famous editorial spokesmen for reason and moderation on one of our white newspapers, along with other editors and many reporters who stress significance rather than sensation in the reporting and interpretation of what happens in our city. And we are fortunate in having a strong Negro daily newspaper, The Atlanta Daily World, and a vigorous Negro weekly, The Atlanta Inquirer. The Atlanta Daily World is owned by a prominent Negro family the Scott family - which owns and operates a number of other news- papers. The sturdy voices of the Atlanta Daily World and the Atlanta Inquirer, backed by the support of the educational, business and religious community, reach out to our Negro citizens. They speak to them with factual information upon which they can rely. They express opinions and interpretations in which they can have faith. As I see it, our Negro leadership in Atlanta is responsible and constructive. I am sure that our Negro leadership is as desirous of obtaining additional civic and economic and personal rights as is any American citizen. But by constructive I mean to define Atlanta's Negro leadership as being realistic - as recognizing that it is more important to obtain the rights they seek than it is to stir up demon- strations. So it is to the constructive means by which these rights can be obtained that our Negro leaders constantly address themselves. They are interested in results instead of rhetoric. They reach for lasting goals instead of grabbing for momentary publicity. They are realists, not rabble rousers. Along with integration they want integrity. I do not believe that any sincere American citizen desires to see the rights of private business restricted by the Federal Govern- ment unless such restriction is absolutely necessary for the welfare of the people of this country. On the other hand, following the line of thought of the decisions of the Federal Courts in the past 15 years, I am not convinced that current rulings of the Courts would grant to American business the privilege of discrimination by race in the selection of its customers. Here again we get into the area of what is right and what is best for the people of this country. If the privilege of selection based on race and color should be granted then would we be giving to business the right to set up a segregated economy? .. . And if so, how fast would this right be utilized by the Nation's people ? - « « And how soon would we again be going through the old turmoil of riots, strife, demonstrations, boycotts, picketing? -6- Are we going to say that it is all right for the Negro citizen to go into the bank of Main street to deposit his earnings or borrow money, then to go the department store to buy what he needs, to go to the supermarket to purchase food for his family, and so on along Main street until he comes to a restaurant or a hotel -- In all these other business places he is treated just like any other customer -- But when he comes to the restaurant or the hotel, are we going to say that it is right and legal for the operators of these businesses, merely as a matter of convenience, to insist that the Negro's citizenship be changed and that, as a second class citizen, he is to be refused service? I submit that it is not right to allow an American's citizenship to be changed merely as a matter of con- venience. If the Congress should fail to clarify the issue at the present time, then by inference it would be saying that you could begin dis- crimination under the guise of private business. I do not believe that this is what the Supreme Court has intended with its decisions. I do not believe that this is the intent of Congress or the people of this country. Iam not a lawyer, Senators. Iam not sure I clearly under- stand all of the testimony involving various amendments to the Constitution and the Commerce clause which has been given to this Committee. I have a fundamental respect for the Constitution of the United States. Under this Constitution we have always been able to do what is best for all of the people of this country. I beg of you not to let this issue of discrimination drown in legalistic waters. Iam firmly convinced that the Supreme Court insists that the same fundamental rights must be held by every American citizen. Atlanta is a case that proves that the problem of discrimination can be solved to some extent. . . and I use this ''some extent" cautiously . . . as we certainly have not solved all of the problems; but we have met them in a number of areas. This can be done locally, voluntarily, and by private business itself! On the other hand, there are hundreds of communities and cities, certainly throughout the nation that have not ever addressed themselves to the issue. Whereas, others have flagrantly ignored the demand, and today, stand in all defiance to any change. The Congress of the United States is now confronted witha grave decision. Shall you pass a public accommodatinn bill that forces this issue? Or, shall you create another round of disputes over segregation by refusing to pass such legislation? Surely, the Congress realizes that after having failed to take any definite action on this subject in the last ten years, to fail to pass this bill would amount to an endorsement of private business setting up an entirely new status of discrimination throughout the nation. Cities like Atlanta might slip backwards. Hotels and restaurants that have already taken this issue upon themselves and opened their doors might find it convenient to go back to the old status. Failure by Congress to take definite action at this time is by inference an endorsement of the right of private business to practice racial discrimination and, in my opinion, would start the same old round of squabbles and demonstrations that we have had in the past. Gentlemen, if I had your problem armed with the local ex- perience I have had, I would pass a public accommodation bill. Such’a bill, however, should provide an opportunity for each local government first to meet this problem and attempt to solve it ona local, voluntary basis, with each business making its own decision. I realize that it is quite easy to ask you to give an opportunity to each businessman in each city to make his decision and to accom- plish such an objective . . . but it is extremely difficult to legis- late such a problem. What I am trying to say is that the pupil placement plan, which has been widely used in the South, provided a time table approved by the Federal courts which helped in getting over troubled water of elimination of discrimination in public schools. It seems to me that cities working with private business institutions could now move into the same area and that the federal government legislation should be based on the idea that those businesses have a reasonable time to accomplish such an act. I think a public accommodation law now should stand only as the last resort to assure that discrimination is eliminated, but that such a law would grant a reasonable time for cities and businesses to carry out this function before federal intervention. It might even be necessary that the time factor be made more lenient in favor of smaller cities and communities, for we all know that large metropolitan areas have the capability of adjusting to changes more rapidly than smaller communities. Perhaps this, too, should be given consideration in your legislation. But the point 1 want to emphasize again is that now is the time for legislative action. We cannot dodge the issue. We cannot look back over our shoulders or turn the clock back to the 1860's. We must take action now to assure a greater future for our citizens and our country. A hundred years ago the abolishment of slavery won the United States the acclaim of the whole world when it made every American free in theory. Now the elimination of segregation, which is slavery's step- child, is a challenge to all of us to make every American free in fact as well as in theory - and again to establish our nation as the true champion of the free world. Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee, I want to thank you for the opportunity of telling you about Atlanta's efforts to provide equality of citizenship to all within its borders.  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 17, Folder 15, Document 34 Box 17 Box 17 Folder 15 Folder topic: Civil Rights Bill | 1963