1 20 30 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/6bd1b99252f8a84b0c76d4f6a58cb32b.pdf c80a31dbe3e78417886dc4e1c8c06e63 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. - 2 - Third, since a considerable amount of planning is already being done for a number of projects, hospital authorities, counties, and municipalities, which affects the community's health picture, ways must be found to make maximum use of this capability, and coordinate it into a community-wide comprehensive planning effort. Finally, planning must preserve and encourage the highest level of professional competence in the entire health system, and must make use of the insights of all concerned in the community health system. The overall task of putting together such an organization is thus seen to be a problem in "systems" analysis and development, Since the total resources of the community are likely to remain smaller than the demands which an ideal health system will place on the resources, rational and just methods of assigning priorities to the various needs must be developed. A cost-benefit analysis is essential to any such decision process, and, considering the literally hundreds of specific health needs in the community, it is likely that the cost-benefit model must rather soon make use of modern computer techniques. The Partnership for Health law requires that such planning be d o n e ~ people rather than for people. Therefore, maximum participation of health "consumers", healthprofessionals, governmental units and agencies, and other community organizations is a necessity. The law is telling the States and communities that they will be given increasing responsibility and power to determine their own best health interests, and that the current Federal practi~e of funding health-related projects through specific project-type grants (such as for specific facilities and specific disease processes) will phase into a system of "plock" grants to the states for use as local emphasis requires. Eventually, only communities which have organized themselves for comprehensive health planning may be eligihle to receive Federal support. The current Atlanta area project is a pioneering effort. No other communities in the country have progressed far enough along these lines to provide patterns as to what~ should do (or avoid). We have an opportunity to be of service not only to our own community, but to others as well. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document -2- Third, since a considerable amount of planning is already being done for a number of projects, hospital authorities, counties, and municipalities, which affects the community's health picture, ways must be found to make maximum use of this capability, and coordinate it into a community-wide comprehensive planning effort. Finally, planning must preserve and encourage the highest level of professional competence in the entire health system, and must make use of the insights of all concerned in the community health system. The overall task of putting together such an organization is thus seen to be a problem in "systems" analysis and development. Since the total resources of the community are likely to remain smaller than the demands which an ideal health system will place on the resources, rational and just methods of assigning priorities to the various needs must be developed. A cost-benefit analysis is essential to any such decision process, and, considering the literally hundreds of specific health needs in the community, it is likely that the cost-benefit model must rather soon make use of modern computer techniques. The Partnership for Health law requires that such planning be done with people rather than for people. Therefore, maximum participation of health "consumers", health professionals, governmental units and agencies, and other community organizations is a necessity. The law is telling the States and communities that they will be given increasing responsibility and power to determine their own best health interests, and that the current Federal practice of funding health-related projects through specific project-type grants (such as for specific facilities and specific disease processes) will phase into a system of "block" grants to the states for use as local emphasis requires. Eventually, only communities which have organized them- selves for comprehensive health planning may be eligible to receive Federal support. The current Atlanta area project is a pioneering effort. No other communities in the country have progressed far enough along these lines to provide patterns as to what we should do (or avoid). We have an opportunity to be of service not only to our own community, but to others as well.  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 29 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/72eb07c86eb0dbe327137afbc6885038.pdf 481e7d2a8cf2bdc83a332742442f0f27 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. ·February, 1969 CCMPREHENSIVE AREAWIDE HEALTH PLANNING In 1966, the United States Congress enacted Public Law 89-749, the "Partnership for Health" act. Under this law, the States, and through them, areas within the States, must assume responsibility for comprehensive health planning. The Congress declared that "fulfillment of our national purpose depends on promoting and assuring the highest level of health attainable for every person, in an environment which contributes positively to healthful individual and family living; that attainment of this goal depends on an effective partnership, involving close intergovernmental collaboration, official and voluntary efforts. and participation of individuals and organizations; . that Federal financial assistance must be directed to support the marshalling of all health resources--national, State, and local--to assure comprehensive health services of high quality for every person, but without interference with existing patterns of private professional practice of medicine, dentistry, and related healing arts". The Atlanta metropolitan area was the first in Georgia to apply for and receive an "organizational grant" for the purpose of defining and developing an organization which will be capable of doing comprehensive health planning and obtaining community participation and support in the planning effort. This grant, from the U.S. Public Health Service, through the Georgia Office of Comprehensive Health Planning, supports the Community Council of the Atlanta Area in the professional and organizational effort necessary to instigate such an organization. Dr. Raphael B. Levine, of the Lockheed- · Georgia Company Systema Sciences Research Laboratory, has been named Director of the Comprehensive Areawide Health Planning, to accomplish these organizational objectives. r The term "comprehensive" means that every aspect of the health picture in the five-county metropolitan area must be taken into account in the planning process. This includes not only the treatment of illness and injury, but their prevention, and the compensation for any lasting effects which they may leave. Thus, in addition to the manifold activities of medical and paramedical personnel in the variety of health t reatment facilities, planning must consider environmental controls of the air, water, soil, food, disease vectors, housing codes and construction, waste disposal, etc. It must consider needs for the training of health personnel, for the improvement of manpower and facilities utilization, and for the access to health care. It includes the fields of mental health, dental health, and rehabilitation. It must be conc e rned with the means of paying for preventive measures and for health care. The term "planning" means, first, that problem areas and potential problem areas in the entire f i eld must be identified,and their magnitude s assessed. The trends of the problems must also be assessed, and projected for future years. Technical and organizational bottlenecks must be identified, and "planned around". Second, the community's resources ·in meeting its health needs must be equally carefully identified and projected, in terms of professional and subprofessional skills, facilities, and financial resources . � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document February, 1969 COMPREHENSIVE AREAWIDE HEALTH PLANNING In 1966, the United States Congress enacted Public Law 89-749, the “Partner- ship for Health" act, Under this law, the States, and through them, areas within the States, must assume responsibility for comprehensive health planning. The Congress declared that “fulfillment of our national purpose depends on promoting and assuring the highest level of health attainable for every person, in an environment which contributes positively to healthful individual and family living; that attainment of this goal depends on an effective partnership, involving close intergovernmental collaboration, official and voluntary efforts. and participation of individuals and organizations; _that Federal financial assistance must be directed to support the marshalling of all health resources--national, State , and local--to assure comprehensive health services of high quality for every person, but without interference with existing patterns of private professional practice of medicine, dentistry, and related healing arts". The Atlanta metropolitan area was the first in Georgia to apply for and receive an “organizational grant" for the purpose of defining and developing an organization which will be capable of doing comprehensive health planning and obtaining community participation and support in the planning effort. This grant, from the U. S. Public Health Service, through the Georgia Office of Comprehensive Health Planning, supports the Community Council of the Atlanta Area in the professional and organizational effort necessary to instigate such an organization. Dr. Raphael B. Levine, of the Lockheed- Georgia Company Systems Sciences Research Laboratory, has been named Director of the Comprehensive Areawide Health Planning, to accomplish these organizational objectives. ; The term "comprehensive" means that every aspect of the health picture in the five-county metropolitan area must be taken into account in the planning process. This includes not only the treatment of illness and injury, but their prevention, and the compensation for any lasting effects which they may leave. Thus, in addition to the manifold activities of medical and paramedical personnel in the variety of health treatment facilities, planning must consider environmental controls of the air, water, soil, food, disease vectors, housing codes and construction, waste disposal, etc. It must consider needs for the training of health personnel, for the improvement of manpower and facilities utilization, and for the access to health care. It includes the fields of mental health, dental health, and rehabilitation. It must be concerned with the means of paying for preventive measures and for health care. The term “planning” means, first, that problem areas and potential problem areas in the entire field must be identified,and their magnitudes assessed, The trends of the problems must also be assessed, and projected for future years. Technical and organizational bottlenecks must be identified, and "planned around”. Second, the community's resources in meeting its health needs must be equally carefully identified and projected, in terms of pro- fessional and subprofessional skills, facilities, and financial resources,  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 28 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/3a6695dbe3eb5cc3d70676cde85a81f1.pdf 44d55a00ac5f778351f27894e1c5dee1 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. unity of'the EUGENE T . BRANCH. Chairma,1 ,;j 1hr: Boctr,J ,;/ f)irt!1..'l<'r.\ CECIL ALEXANDER . t ' 11:r:" Chair1111/t1 JOHN !ZARO . ~ Vice Chainn,w MRS. THOMAS H. GIBSON. S,:cr.:1ar.1· DONALD H . GAREIS. frea1ur,:r DUANE W. BECK. ONE THOUSAND GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA ST., N. W. f ~ E,e,utiv,• Director ATLANTA, GEORGIA "{t--6 r ~rl/) A _ ~ i, ,'(-4/.fP ~ 30303 TELEP.fc!~ ~ ~ 6 November 1969 ~ The Honorable Sam Massell, Jr. Pryor Street, S. W. Atlanta, Georgia 40 Dear Mr. Massell: We would like to add our congratulations to the many you have been receiving, on your election. We should also like to add our pledge of support and cooperation in your efforts to keep Atlanta a great and evolving city. As you know, the Community Council of the Atlanta Area has had an organizational grant from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to bring into being a new agency for "comprehensive areawide health planning" for the six-county metropolitan area. The basic work is larg ely complete. A 52-member " Metropolitan Atlanta Council for Health" has been established, a detailed proposal for a five-year work program has been prepared and submitted, and an organizational structure for carrying out comprehensive health planning has been created. However, a number of new r and rather bold departures from tradition have been made , in an effort to implement, fully, the vision of Public Law 89- 749, the "Partnership for Health" act. Th ese involve, in particular, an enhanced role for MACLOG in coordinating health planning with other major planning activities, and real and meaningful participation in planning and decision-making by poor and black citizens of the community . Your g uidance and help in both these areas are urgently needed. It is not an exaggeration to say that two or three decisions by you, now, can have an extremely important impact, not only on the success of health planning in this metropolitan area, but also on race relations in all aspects of community life, and even on the threatened "abolish Atlanta" movement. Howard Atherton is giving his full backing to the proposals we would like to place before you. �{ BOARD OF DIRECTORS Cecil Alexander Ivan Allen, 111 Luther Alverson Rolph A. Beck Eugene T. Branch Napier Bur,on, Jr , M. D W . L. Calloway Bradley Currey, Jr. Campbell Dosher • Albert M. Davis, M. D. Rav J. Efird Jock P. Etheridge Rufus J. Evans, M D. Robert L. Foreman Jr. Jomes P. Furniss Donald H Gore1s Lorry L Geller~tedt, Jr. Mrs. Thor,10s H. G1b,;,1n H. M. Gloster John Godwm, M. D. Elliott Goldstein Vivion Henderson Mr,. Hc-len Howard William', Howland Mrs. Edmund W Hughes Horry E. Ingram John Izard Joseph W Jones Wolter M. Mitchell Phil Normore A B Padgett Mrs. Rhodes L Perdue J Will am Pinbton, Jr W R. Pruitt T O Vinson , M. D. Rev. Allrsor, Williams John C. Wilson ADVISORY BOARD J. G. Bradbury Jomes V. Carmichael R. Howard Dobbs, Jr Edwin I. Hatch Boisfeu i Ilet Jones Mills B. Lone Jr. William W Moore, Jr., M . D. Lucien E Oliver W. A. Porker, Sr. Richard H R,ch John A. S,bley Lee Tolley Elbert P Tutt le William C Wardlow, Jr. George W. Woodruff �- 2 - If at all possible, we would like to see you for about 45 minutes some ti me during the next ten days to fill you in on the details. You may recall that one of us (RBL) at your September 17th talk to the Emory-Grady Family Planning Clinic staff brought up the question of planning versus crisis-meeting. Your answer stressed the importance of planning to prevent crises. We believe this is such an opportunity. Sincerely yours, A. B. Padgett, hairman pro tem, Metropolitan Atlanta Council j f /~°f Health ~ l~Me~e~~or Comprehensive Areawide He alth Planning Encl : statement on compreh ensive areawi de health planning n ews letters (Nos. 1 apd 6) � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document 499 ne | EUGENE T. BRANCK, Coreen of (lie Kennil al Direcrer CECI ALEXANDER, lie ¢ | JOHN IZA Ilow Chairs MRS. THOMAS H, GISBSO DONALD H, GAPEIS, /ri A aA 2 MY | PUAWNE ¥ C. alkecuhl oH ve Livector ao E THOUSAND GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA ST., N. W. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 TELEPHONE #50 — 6 November 1969 or The Honorable Sam Massell, dr. hO Pryor Street, S. W. Atlanta, Georgia Dear iir. Massell: We would like to add our congratulations to the many you have been receiving, on your election. We should also like to add our pledge of support and cooperation in your efforts to keep Atlanta a great and evolving city. As you know, the Community Council of the Atlanta Area has had an organizational grant from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to bring into being a new agency for "comprehensive areawide health planning" for the six-county metropolitan area, The basic work is largely complete. A 52-member "Metropolitan Atlanta Council for Health" has been established, a detailed proposal for a five-year work program has been prepared and submitted, and an organizational structure for carrying out comprehensive health planning has been created. However, a number of new,and rather bold departures from tradition have been made, in an effort to implement, fully, the vision of Public Law 89-719, the "Partnership for Health" act. These involve, in particular, an enhanced role for MACLOG in coordinating health planning with other major planning activities, and real and meaningful participation in planning and decision-making by poor and black citizens of the community. Your guidance and help in both these areas are urgently needed. It is not an exaggeration to say that two or three decisions by you, now, can have an extremely important impact, not only on the success of health planning in this metropolitan area, but also on race relations in all aspects of community life, and even on the threatened "abolish Atlanta" movement. Howard Atherton is giving his full backing to the proposals we would like to place before you. Ceci! Alexander Ivan Allen, II! Luther Alverson Rolph A. Beck Eugene T. Branch Napier Burson, Jr., W. L. Calloway Bradley Currey, Jr. Campbel! Dasher Ray J. BOARD OF DIRECTORS * Albert M. Davis, M. D. Efird Jack P. Etheridge Rufus J. Evans, M. D. Robert L. Foreman, Jr. M. D. James P. Furniss Donald H. Gareis Larry L. Gellerstedt, Jr. Mrs. Thomas H. Gibson J. G. Bradbury James V. Carmichael R. Howard Dobbs, Jr. Edwin i. Hatch Boisteuillet Jones ADVISORY BOARD H. M: Gloster John Godwin, M. D. Elliott Goldstein Vivian Hendersen Mrs. Helen Howard William S. Howland Joseph W. Jones Walter M. Mitchell Phil Narmore A. B. Padgett Mrs. Rhodes L. Perdue Mrs. Edmund W. Hughes WR, Pruitt Harry E. Ingram John lzard Mills B, Lane, Jr. William W. Moore, Jr., M.D. Lucien E. Oliver W. A. Parker, Sr. Richard H, Rich T. O. Vinson, M. D. Rev. Allison Williams John C. Wilson John A. Sibley Lee Talley Elbert P. Tuttle William C. Wardlow, Jr. George W. Woodruff J. William Pinkston, Jr. If at all possible, we would like to see you for about 5 minutes some time during the next ten days to fill you in on the details. You may recall that one of us (RBL) at your September 17th talk to the Emory-Grady Family Planning Clinic staff brought up the question of planning versus crisis-meeting. the importance of planning to prevent crises. is such an opportunity. Your answer stressed We believe this Sincerely yours, DQ f Sf~Hf~- ( - A. B. Padgett, Chairman pro tem, Metropolitan Atlanta Council for, Health aplyael B. Levine, |Director Comprehensive Areawide Health Planning Encl: statement on comprehensive areawide health planning newsletters (Nos. 1 and 6)  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 27 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/77c536507ac0cf13bc78ec9807e6aa11.pdf c976d709411b04fc3a118639688a2a30 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. C C A A omni.unity ouncil of' the tlanta rea inc. EUGENE T. BRANCH, Chairman of the Board of Directors DUANE W. BECK, Executive Director 1000 GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA STREET, N.W. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 ALENE F . UHRY, Editor TELEPHONE 577-2250 January, 1970 S P E' C I A L E D I T I O N LOOKING AHEAD Eugene Branch, Chairman of the Community Council's Board of Directors, has carefully reviewed our activities of the year just ended, and now looks ahead to 1970. We believe Communique readers will be interested in the following program Mr. Branch envisions: The beginning of a new year is a good time for an organization to pause long enough to·consider where it is in the achievement of its goals and where it is going. Since others are due the credit, I think it not immodest of me to say that I believe the Council did a good job in 1969. However, rather than dwell on the 1969 activities, it would seem more helpful to mention some of the activitie~ which will be given priority in 1970. In addition to the normal and on-going activities of the Social Research Center and Permanent Conference, the following illustrate the activities which will be given emphasis in 1970: 1. Community Coordinated Child Care (4-C) The 4-C program is a federal program designed to develop a coordinated program to provide services to children--and thus make better use of the community's funds and resources in providing such services. Atlanta was named a pilot community and the Council was named the delegate agency. A Steering Committee composed of parents, representatives of day care agencies and organizations has been elected and is at work. Much of our staff time will be devoted to this activity. This is an outgrowth of our Child Development Project. 2. Day Care Action Subcommittee ~he very fine work of this Subcommittee will be continued in 1970. Its function is to stimulate interest in day care and help develop new day care resources. In 1969 -the Subcommittee published a Day Care Manual which provides a step-by-step guide to those interested in planning and developing a day care center. The response has been so enthusiastic that we are swamped with requests by church groups and others for technical assistance. This important activity also arose out of our Child Development Project. �3•. Coordination of Services and Planning One of the most important on-going activities of the Council is that of bringing together planning and service agencies in an effort to provide coordination of planning and services. The existing funds and resources for dealing with our urgent urban problems are extremely limited and all agencies have an obligation to jointly plan and coordinate their activities in dealing with the problems which are their major ooncern. Space does not permit an adequate description of the Council's work activities in coordination but periodic reports will be given in Communique. 4. Emergency Assistance Every effort to identify the most urgent problems in our five-county area has resulted in high priority being given to the need for developing more resources for emergency assistance. There are many aspects of the problem. An Emergency Assistance Committee has been organized and has begun to funotion. It has determined to work first on developing resou1·ces to deal with the problems arising out of evictions. Hundreds of families are evicted each year and there is no organized program to help the evicted families with such needs as storage space for furniture, temporary shelter, food etc. 5. Other Special Activities (a) Welfare Committee. Practically everyone agrees that our entire welfare program must be overhauled. A Welfare Committee is studying various income maintenance programs, including the Administrationts Family Assistance Act, and will make periodic reports. (b) Advisory Committee for Information and Referral. This Committee was formed to assist in the improvement of information and referral service in the metropolitan Atlanta area and to devise means for improving services to meet the most urgent needs identified by such service. Among other things, this Committee will help focus attention on the most serious ummet needs in our area. (c) Fourteenth Street Multi-Purpose Center. The Council has leased a house on Juniper Street to be used as a community center for the Fourteenth Street area. It is functioning and has been well-received. The focus will be on a voluntary medical clinic, a counseling center and a twenty-four hour inform~tion and referral· service. This facility is being operated at the present time entirely by volunteers. The Center can meet a great neea and we'll keep you up to date on its activities in Communique. (d) Interagency Council ~ Alcohol ~ Drugs. This Council is simply a "coming together' of established agencies concerned with problems related to the use of alcohol and drugs. It provides a means by which such agencies can work together. The Council has divided itself into the following five Task Forces: Resources and Existing Facilities and Services, Education, Treatment and Counseling, Speakers Bureau, and Legal Aspects and Legislation. You've received some information on this important and interesting activity and more will be forthcoming. (e) Expanded Public Information Service. We have improved our methods of getting valuable information to the general public and will give greater emphasis to this activity. The information gathered by our Research Center and through our various programs, if properly and attractively passed on to the general public, will provide our area with a better informed citizenry. This greater understanding of our problems will in time result in an improvement in services and funds to meet the problems. �The above are simply illustrative of the variety of activities in which the Council is engaged. The Child Development Project revealed the need for further work on such problems as retardation of children, the need for twenty-four hour child care, learning difficulties etc. Volunteer Atlanta The Council is a .sponsor of Volunteer Atlanta and will continue to assist this project. As you may recall, Volunteer Atlanta was brought about largely by the Council and is sponsored by the Council, the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, the Atlanta Junior League, the Community Chest, and E.O.A. Its object is to recruit, train and place volunteers in public and private agencies throughout the five-county area. We think this can be one of the most important projects begun in the Atlanta area during recent years. Assistance to Groups The Council is receiving an ever increasing number of requests for technical assistance from agencies, neighborhood groups, and civic organizations. Agencies are requesting assistance in reviewing their prog1·ams; neighborhoods are seeking assistance in the drafting of proposals for resident-determined programs; and civic organizations are asking for suggestions as to the type of programs in which they might be effectively involved Thus, technical assistance to neighborhood groups and direct service agencies is becoming a major role of the Council. We think this role should be emphasized and that means must be devised to adequately provide such assistance. The Council is·basically a collection of staff, accumulated information and experience, and skill, and whenever its assistance can make agencies, neighborhood groups, churches and civic organizations more effective in their work, we add to the funds and resources being put to effective use in our community. This type of . assistance is one of the most important functions t _he Council can perform. Program Development During the early part of 1970, we expect to organize a Program Development Committee for the Council. This Committee will be made up of Board members and individuals who are not on the Board. Its function will be to provide a means for continually reviewing the work activities of the Councii and assisting in the establishment of priority for its programs. The Council is a social planning organization which can be an important resource in the community only if it retains its vitality and flexibility. If the Council had become rigid in devising its programs, its people and resources would not have been available to engage in some of the activities described above which maintain a balance between continuity in those activities which look to long range improvement and flexibility sufficient to give the community the benefit of the skill and information available through the Council's resources. The Program Development Committee will provide a means for retaining the Council's vitality and balance in its work activities. Obviously there is a great deal to be done to make our five-county area a better place in which to live. I think it equally obvious that there is a great deal with which to do the job if we plan and work together with imagination, enthusiasm and a sense of urgency. So let's roll up our sleeves and see what we can accomplish together in 1970. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document / Community Council of the Atlanta EUGENE T. BRANCH, Chairman of the Board of Directors Area inc. DUANE W. BECK, Executive Director ALENE F. UHRY, Editor 1000 GLENN BUILDING,120 MARIETTA STREET, N.W. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 TELEPHONE 577-2250 January, 1970 SPECIAL EDITION —— eee eee LOOKING AHEAD Eugene Branch, Chairman of the Community Council's Board of Directors, has carefully reviewed our activities of the year just ended, and now looks ahead to 1970, We believe Communique readers will be interested in the following program Mr, Branch envisions: The beginning of a new year is a good time for an organization to pause Tong enough t6’consider where it is in the achievement of its goais and where it is going. Since others are due the credit, I think it not immodest of me to say that I believe the Council did a good job in 1969. However, rather than dwell on the 1969 activities, it would seem more helpful to mention some of the activities which will be given priority in 1970. In addition to the normal and on-going activities of the Social Research Center and Permanent Conference, the following illustrate the activities which will be given emphasis in 1970: il. Community Coordinated Child Care (4-C) The 4-C program is a federal program designed to develop a coordinated program to provide services to children--and thus make better use of the community's funds and resources in providing such services, Atlanta was named a pilot community and the Council was named the delegate agency, A Steering Committee composed of parents, representatives of day care agencies and organizations has been elected and is at work. Much of our staff time will be devoted to this activity. This is an outgrowth of our Child Development Project. 2. Day Care Action Subcommittee The very fine work of this Subcommittee will be continued in 1970, Its function is to stimulate interest in day care and help develop new day care resources, In 1969 the Subcommittee published a Day Care Manual which provides a step-by-step guide to those interested in planning and developing a day care center, The response has been so enthusiastic that we are swamped with requests by church groups and others for technical assistance, This important activity also arose out of our Child Develop- ment Project. ae Coordination of Services and Planning One of the most important on-going activities of the Council is that of bringing together planning and service agencies in an effort to provide coordination of planning and services, The existing funds and resources for dealing with our urgent urban problems are extremely limited and all agencies have an obligation to jointly plan and coordinate their activities in dealing with the problems which are their major ooncern., Space does not permit an adequate description of the Council's work activities in coordi- nation but periodic reports will be given in Communique, 4, Emergency Assistance Every effort to identify the most urgent problems in our five-county area has resulted in high priority being given to the need for developing more resources for emergency assistance. There are many aspects of the problem, An Emergency Assistance Committee has been organized and has begun to funG- tion. It has determined to work first on developing resources to deal with the problems arising out of evictions. Hundreds of families are evicted each year and there is no organized program to help the evicted families with such needs as storage space for furniture, temporary shelter, food etc, 5. Other Special Activities (a) Welfare Committee, Practically everyone agrees that our entire welfare program must be overhauled. A Welfare Committee is studying various income maintenance programs, including the Administration's Family Assis- tance Act, and will make periodic reports. (b) Advisory Committee for Information and Referral, This Committee was formed to assist in the improvement of information and referral service in the metropolitan Atlanta area and to devise means for improving services to meet the most urgent needs identified by such service, Among other things, this Committee will help focus attention on the most serious ummet needs in our area, (c) Fourteenth Street Multi-Purpose Center. The Council has leased a house on Juniper Street to be used as a community center for the Fourteenth Street area, It is functioning and has been well-received, The focus will be on a voluntary medical clinic, a counseling center and a twenty-four hour information and referral: service, This facility is being operated at the present time entirely by volunteers, The Center can meet a great need and we'll keep you up to date on its activities in Communique. (ad) Interagency Council on Alcohol and Drugs. This Council is simply a “coming together" of established agencies concerned with problems related to the use of alcohol and drugs. It provides a means by which such agencies can work together. The Council has divided itself into the following five Task Forces: Resources and Existing Facilities and Services, Education, Treatment and Counseling, Speakers Bureau, and Legal Aspects and Legisla- tion. You've received some information on this important and interesting activity and more will be forthcoming. (e) Expanded Public Information Service, We have improved our methods of getting valuable information to the general public and will give greater emphasis to this activity. The information gathered by our Research Center and through our various programs, if properly and attractively passed on to the general public, will provide our area with a better informed citizenry, This greater understanding of our problems will in time result in an improvement in services and funds to meet the problems. The above are simply illustrative of the variety of activities in which the Council is engaged, The Child Development Project revealed the need for further work on such problems as retardation of children, the need for twenty-four hour child care, learning difficulties etc, Volunteer Atlanta The Council is a sponsor of Volunteer Atlanta and will continue to assist this project. As you may recall, Volunteer Atlanta was brought about largely by the Council and is sponsored by the Council, the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, the Atlanta Junior League, the Community Chest, and E.O.A, Its object is to recruit, train and place volunteers in public and private agencies throughout the five-county area, We think this can be one of the most important projects begun in the Atlanta area during recent years, Assistance to Groups The Council is receiving an ever increasing number of requests for technical assistance from agencies, neighborhood groups, and civic organi- zations, Agencies are requesting assistance in reviewing their programs; neighborhoods are seeking assistance in the drafting of proposals for resident-determined programs; and civic organizations are asking for sugges-— tions as to the type of programs in which they might be effectively involved Thus, technical assistance to neighborhood groups and direct service agencies is becoming a major role of the Council. We think this role should be emphasized and that means must be devised to adequately provide such assistance, The Council is’ basically a collection of staff, accumu- lated information and experience, and skill, and whenever its assistance can make agencies, neighborhood groups, churches and civic organizations more effective in their work, we add to the funds and resources being put to effective use in our community. This type of assistance is one of the most important functions the Council can perform, Program Development During the early part of 1970, we expect to organize a Program Develop- ment Committee for the Council. This Committee will be made up of Board members and individuals who are not on the Board. Its function will be to provide a means for continually reviewing the work activities of the Council and assisting in the establishment of priority for its programs. The Council is a social planning organization which can be an important resource in the community only if it retains its vitality and flexibility. If the Council had become rigid in devising its programs, its people and resources would not have been available to engage in some of the activities described above which maintain a balance between continuity in those acti- vities which look to long range improvement and flexibility sufficient to give the community the benefit of the skill and information available through the Council's resources, The Program Development Committee will provide a means for retaining the Council's vitality and balance in its work activities. Obviously there is a great deal to be done to make our five-county area a better place in which to live. I think it equally obvious that there is a great deal with which to do the job if we plan and work together with imagination, enthusiasm and a sense of urgency, So let's roll up our sleeves and see what we can accomplish together in 1970,  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 26 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/4c8c6ace8e7e651430cb6842f7380be4.pdf 849b19a4bd225f4dc5a2842dddafc254 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. C C A A ommunity ouncil 0£ the tlanta rea inc. EUGENE T. BRANCH, Chairman of the Board of Directors DUANE W. BECK, Executive Director 1000 GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA ST•REET, N.W. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 ALENE F. UHRY, Editor TELEPHONE 577-2250 January, 1970 SPECIAL EDITION LOOKING AHEAD Eugene Branch, Chairman of the Community Council's Board of Directors, has carefully reviewed our activities of the year just ended, and now looks ahead to 1970. We believe Communique readers will be interested in the following program Mr. Branch envisions: The beginning of a new year is a good time for an organization to pause long enough to· consider wher·e it is in the achi-evement of its goals and where it is going. Since others are due the credit, I think it not immodest of me to say that I believe the Council did a good job in 1969. However, rather than dwell on the 1969 activities, it would seem more helpful to mention some of the activities which will be given priority in 1970. In addition to the normal and on-going activities of the Social Research Center and Permanent Conference, the following illustrate the activities which will be given emphasis in 1970: 1. Community Coordinated Child Care (4-C) The 4-C program is a federal program designed to develop a coordinated program to provide services to children--and thus make better u se of the community's funds and resources in providing such services. Atlanta was named a pilot community and the Council was named the delegate agency. A Steering Committee compos ed of parents , representatives of day care agencies and organizations has been elected and is at work. Much of our staff time will be devoted to this activity. This is an outgrowth of our Child Development Project. 2. Day Care Action Subcommittee The very fine work of this Subcommittee will be continued in 1970. Its function is to stimulate interest in day care and help develop new day care resources. In 1969 ,the Subcommittee published a Day Care Manual which provides a step-by-step guide to those interested in planning and developing a day- care center. The response has been so enthusiastic that we are ~wamped with requests by church groups and others for technical assistance. This important activity also arose out of our Child Development Project. �3. Coordination of Services and Planning One of the most important on-going activities, of the Council is that of bringing together planning and service agencies in an effort t o provide coordination of planning and services. The existing funds and resources for dealing with our urgent urban problems are extremely limited and all agencies have an obligation to jointly plan and coordinate their activities in dealing with the problems which are their major ooncern. Space does not permit an adequate description of the Council's work activities in coordination bµt periodic reports will be given in Communique. Emergency Assistance 4. Every effort to identit'y the most urgent problems in our five-county area has resulted in high priority being given to the need for developing more resources for emergency assistance. There are many aspects of the problem. An Emergency Assi8tance Committee has been organized and has begun to funotion. It has determined to work first on developing resources to deal with the problems arising out of evictions. Hundreds of families are evicted each year and there is no organized program to help the evicted families with such needs as stor age space for furniture, temporary shel ter, f ood etc. 5. Other Special Activities (a) Welfare Committee. Practically everyone agrees that our entire welfare program must be overhauled. A Welfare Committee is studyi ng various income maintenance programs, including the Administration's Fami l y Assist ance Act, a nd will make periodic reports. (b) Advisory Committee for Information and Referral. This Commi t tee was formed to a s sist in theimprovement ofinformation and referral servi ce in the metropolitan Atlanta area and to devise means f or improving s ervices to meet the most urgent needs i dentifi e d by such service. Among other thi ngs , thi s Commi ttee wi ll help focus a ttention on the mos t seri ous ummet need s i n our a r ea . (c) Fourteenth Street Multi-Purpose Center. The Counci l has leased a house on Jun i pe r Street to be used as a community c en ter f or the Four t een th Street area . I t is functioni ng a nd has bee n well -received. The focu s will be on a vol un tar y med i c al c linic, a c ounseling c ent er a nd a twenty-four hour information and referral serviceA This facility is being operated at the present t i me entire ly by voluntee r s. The Center c an meet a great need and we'll keep you up to da te on its a ctivities in Communique . . This Counc il is simply (d ) Interagency Council on Alcohol and Drugs . a " coming toget her of establ ished agencies c oncerned with problems related to the use of alcohol and drugs. It provides a means by which such agencies can work together. The Council has divided itself into the following five Task Forces: Resources and Existing Facilities and Services, Education, Treatment and Counseling, Speakers Bureau, and Legal Aspects and Legislation. You've received some information on this important and interesting activity and more will be forthcoming. - -- (e) Expanded Public Information Service. We have improved our methods of get·ting valuable information to the general public and will give greater emphasis to this activity. The information gathered by our Research Center and through our various programs, if properly and attractively passed on to the general public, will provide our area with a better informed citizenry. This greater understanding of our problems will in time result in an improvement in services and funds to meet the problems. �The above are simply illustrative of the variety of activities in which the Council is engaged. The Child Development Project revealed the need for further work on such problems as retardation of children, the need for t wenty-four hour child care, learning difficulties etc. Volunteer Atlanta The Council is a sponsor of Volunteer Atlanta and will continue to assist this project. As you may recall, Volunteer Atlanta was brought about largely by the Council and is sponsored by the Council, the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, the Atlanta Junior League, the Community Chest, and E.O.A. Its object is to recruit, train and place volunteers in public and private agencies throughout the five-county area. We think this can be one of the most important projects begun in the Atlanta area during recent years. Assistance to Groups The Council is receiving an ever increasing number of requests for technical assistance from agencies, neighborhood groups, and civic organizations. Agencies are requesting assistance in reviewing their programs; neighborhoods are seeking assistance in the dr--dfting of proposals for resident-determined programs; and civic organi zations are asking for suggestions as to the type of programs in which they might be effectively involved Thus, technical assista nce to neighborhood groups and direct service agencies is becoming a major role of the Council. We think this role should be emphasized and that means must be devised to adequately provide such assistance. The Council is · basically a collection of staff , accumulated information and experience, and skill, and whenever its assi s tance can make agencies, nei ghborhood groups , churches and civic organizations more effective i n their work, we add to the funds and res ources being put t o effecti ve use in our communi ty. This type of . ass ist ance is one of the mos t important functions ~he Counc i l can perform. Program Development Duri ng the e arly part of 1970, we expect to organize a Program De ve l opment Commit tee for t he Council . This Commi ttee will be made up of Board members and i ndividuals who are n~t on t he Board. Its f unction wi ll be to provide a means f or c onti nual ly reviewing the work a c t i vit ies of the Councii a nd assi s t i ng i n the est a bli s hment of priori ty for i t s programs. The Council is a s oc ial pl anning organization which can be an important resource in the community onl y if it ret ains i ts vital ity and flexibility. If the Council had become rigid in devising its programs, its people and resources would not have been a vailable to engage in some of the activities described above which maintain a balance between continuity in those activities which look t o long range improvement and fl exibility sufficient to give the community the benefit of the skill and information available through the Council ' s resources. The Program Development Committee will provide a means for retaining the Council's vitality and balance in its work activities. Obviously there is a great deal to be done to make our five-county area a better place in which to live. I think it equally obvious that there is a great deal with which to do the job if we plan and work together with imagination, enthusiasm and a sense of urgency. So let's roll up our sleeves and see what we can accomplish together in 1970. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document / Com LUAIty Council of the | Atlanta EUGENE T. BRANCH, Chairman of the Board of Directors Area INC. DUANE W. BECK, Executive Director ALENE F. UHRY, Editor 1000 GLENN BUILDING,120 MARIETTA STREET, N.W. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 TELEPHONE 577-2250 January, 1970 he ie ar Ae) ae eae CO a LOOKING AHEAD Eugene Branch, Chairman of the Community Council's Board of Directors, has carefully reviewed our activities of the year just ended, and now looks ahead to 1970, We believe Communique readers will be interested in the following program Mr. Branch envisions: The beginning of a new year is a good time for an organization to pause long enough to consider where it is in the achievement of its goals and where it is going. Since others are due the credit, I think it not immodest of me to say that I believe the Council did a good job in 1969. However, rather than dwell on the 1969 activities, it would seem more helpful to mention some of the activities which will be given priority in 1970. In addition to the normal and on-going activities of the Social Research Center and Permanent Conference, the following illustrate the activities which will be given emphasis in 1970: 1G Community Coordinated Child Care (4-C) The 4-C program is a federal program designed to develop a coordinated program to provide services to children--and thus make better use of the community's funds and resources in providing such services, Atlanta was named a pilot community and the Council was named the delegate agency. A Steering Committee composed of parents, representatives of day care agencies and organizations has been elected and is at work. Much of our staff time will be devoted to this activity. This is an outgrowth of our Child Development Project. 2. Day Care Action Subcommittee The very fine work of this Subcommittee will be continued in 1970, Its function is to stimulate interest in day care and help develop new day care resources, In 1969 the Subcommittee published a Day Care Manual which provides a step-by-step guide to those interested in planning and developing a day care center, The response has been so enthusiastic that we are swamped with requests by church groups and others for technical assistance, This important activity also arose out of our Child Develop- ment Project. ie Coordination of Services and Planning One of the most important on-going activities of the Council is that of bringing together planning and service agencies in an effort to provide coordination of planning and services, The existing funds and resources for dealing with our urgent urban problems are extremely limited and all agencies have an obligation to jointly plan and coordinate their activities in dealing with the problems which are their major ooncern, Space does not permit an adequate description of the Council's work activities in coordi- nation but periodic reports will be given in Communique, 4, Emergency Assistance Every effort to identify the most urgent problems in our five-county area has resulted in high priority being given to the need for developing more resources for emergency assistance, There are many aspects of the problem, An Emergency Assistance Committee has been organized and has begun to fun@= tion. [It has determined to work first on developing resources to deal with the problems arising out of evictions, Hundreds of families are evicted each year and there is no organized program to help the evicted families with such needs as storage space for furniture, temporary shelter, food etc, 5. Other Special Activities (a) Welfare Committee. Practically everyone agrees that our entire welfare program must be overhauled. A Welfare Committee is studying various income maintenance programs, including the Administration's Family Assis- tance Act, and will make periodic reports. (b) Advisory Committee for Information and Referral, This Committee was formed to assist in the improvement of information and referral service in the metropolitan Atlanta area and to devise means for improving services to meet the most urgent needs identified by such service, Among other things, this Committee will help focus attention on the most serious unmet needs in our area, (c) Fourteenth Street Multi-Purpose Center. The Council has leased a house on Juniper Street to be used as a community center for the Fourteenth Street area, It is functioning and has been well-received, The focus will be on a voluntary medical clinic, a counseling center and a twenty-four hour information and referral service, This facility is being operated at the present time entirely by volunteers, The Center can meet a great need and we'll keep you up to date on its activities in Communique. (d) Interagency Council on Alcohol and Drugs. This Council is simply a "coming together” of established agencies concerned with problems related to the use of alcohol and drugs. It provides a means by which such agencies can work together, The Council has divided itself into the following five Task Forces: Resources and Existing Facilities and Services, Education, Treatment and Counseling, Speakers Bureau, and Legal Aspects and Legisla- tion, You've received some information on this important and interesting activity and more will be forthcoming, (e) Expanded Public Information Service, We have improved our methods of getting valuable information to the general public and will give greater emphasis to this activity. The information gathered by our Research Center and through our various programs, if properly and attractively passed on to the general public, will provide our area with a better informed citizenry. This greater understanding of our problems will in time result in an improvement in services and funds to meet the problems, The above are simply illustrative of the variety of activities in which the Council is engaged, The Child Development Project revealed the need for further work on such problems as retardation of children, the need for twenty-four hour child care, learning difficulties etc, Volunteer Atlanta The Council is a sponsor of Volunteer Atlanta and will continue to assist this project. As you may recall, Volunteer Atlanta was brought about largely by the Council and is sponsored by the Council, the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, the Atlanta Junior League, the Community Chest, and E.0.A, Its object is to recruit, train and place volunteers in public and private agencies throughout the five-county area, We think this can be one of the most important projects begun in the Atlanta area during recent years, Assistance to Groups The Council is receiving an ever increasing number of requests for technical assistance from agencies, neighborhood groups, and civic organi- zations, Agencies are requesting assistance in reviewing their programs; neighborhoods are seeking assistance in the drafting of proposals for resident-determined programs; and civic organizations are asking for sugges- tions as to the type of programs in which they might be effectively involved Thus, technical assistance to neighborhood groups and direct service agencies is becoming a major role of the Council. We think this role should be emphasized and that means must be devised to adequately provide such assistance, The Council is’ basically a collection of staff, accumu- lated information and experience, and skill, and whenever its assistance can make agencies, neighborhood groups, churches and civic organizations more effective in their work, we add to the funds and resources being put to effective use in our community. This type of assistance is one of the most important functions the Council can perform. Program Development During the early part of 1970, we expect to organize a Program Develop- ment Committee for the Council, This Committee will be made up of Board members and individuals who are not on the Board, Its function will be to provide a means for continually reviewing the work activities of the Councii and assisting in the establishment of priority for its programs. The Council is a social planning organization which can be an important resource in the community only if it retains its vitality and flexibility. If the Council had become rigid in devising its programs, its people and resources would not have been available to engage in some of the activities described above which maintain a balance between continuity in those acti- vities which look to long range improvement and flexibility sufficient to give the community the benefit of the skill and information available through the Council's resources, The Program Development Committee will provide a means for retaining the Council's vitality and balance in its work activities. Obviously there is a great deal to be done to make our five-county area a better place in which to live. I think it equally obvious that there is a great deal with which to do the job if we plan and work together with imagination, enthusiasm and a sense of urgency. So let's roll up our sleeves and see what we can accomplish together in 1970,  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 25 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/ea10eb6fa12624813140668de91c7ae8.pdf 7382b5ca61ca52055befa483dda9111a Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. C C A A ~mmunity ouncil of' the tlanta rea inc. EUGENE T. BRANCH, Chairman of the Board of Directors DUANE W. BECK, Executive Director 1000 GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA STREET, N.W. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 ALENE F. UHRY, Editor TELEPHONE 577-2250 January, 1970 SPECIAL EDITION LOOKING AHEAD Eugene Branch, Chairman of the Community Council's Board of Directors, has carefully reviewed our activities of the year just ended, and now looks ahead to 1970. We believe Communique readers will be interested in the following program Mr. Branch envisions: The beginning of a new year is a good time for an organization to pause long enough to consider where it is in the achrevement of its goals and where it is going. Since others are due the credit, I think it not immodest of me to say that I believe the Council did a good job in 1969. However, rather than dwell on the 1969 activities, it would seem more helpful to mention some of the activities which will be given priority in 1970. In addition to the normal and on-going activities of the Social Research Center and Permanent Conference, the following illustrate the activities which will be given emphasis in 1970: 1. Community Coordinated Child Care (4-C) The 4-C program is a federal program designed to develop a coordinated program to provide services to childre n--and thus make better use of the community's funds and resources in providing such services. Atlanta was named a pilot community and the Council was named the delegate agency. A Steering Committee composed of parents, representatives of day care agencies and organizations has been elected and is at work. Much of our staff time will be devoted to this activity. This is an outgrowth of our Child Development Project. 2. Day Care Action Subcommittee ~he very fine work of this Subcommittee will be continued in 1970. Its function is to stimulate interest in day care and help develop new day care resources. In 1969 ,the Subcommittee published a Day Care Manual which provides a step-by-step guide to those interested in planning and developing a day care center. The response has been so enthusiastic that we are swamped with requests by church groups and others for technical assistance. This important activity also arose out of our Child Development Project. �3. Coordination of Services and Planning One of the most important on-going activities of the Council is that of bringing together planning and service agencies in an effort to provide coordination of planning and services. The existing funds and resources for dealing with our urgent urban problems are extremely limited and all agencies have an obligation to jointly plan and coordinate their activities in dealing with the problems which are their major concern. Space does not permit an adequate description of the Council's work activities in coordination but.. periodic reports will be given in Communique. 4. Emergency Assistance Every effort to identify the most urgent problems in our five-county area has resulted in high priority being given to the need for developing more resources for emergency assistance. There are many aspects of the problem. An Emergency Assi8tance Committee has been organized and has begun to function. It has determined to work first on developing resources to deal with the problems arising out of evictions. Hundreds of families are evicted each year and there is no organized program to help the evicted families with such needs as storage space for furniture, temporary shelter, f ood etc. 5. Other Special Activities (a) Welfare Committee. Practically everyone agrees that our entire welfare program must be overhauled. A Welfare Committee is studying various income maintenance programs, including the Administration ' s Family Assis tance Act, and will make periodic reports. {b) Advisory Committee for Information and Referral. This Committee was formed to a s s i st in the improvement of information and referral service in the metropolitan Atlanta area and to devise means for improving servi ces to meet the most urgent ne eds identi f ied by such s e rvice. Among o t he r things , thi s Committe e will he lp f ocus attention on t he most serious ummet needs in our area. (c) Fourte enth Street Mult i -Purpose Cente r. The Council ha s leased a hous e on Juni per Street to be used as a community cen ter f o r t he Four t eenth St reet area . I t is funct i oning and has been well -receive d . The foc u s will be on a volunt a r y medica l clini c, a counsel i ng c enter and a t wenty-four hour informati on and ~eferral service . This facilit y is being operated at t he pre sent t ime entire ly by volunteers . The Center can meet a great neea a nd we 'l l keep you up to da t e on i t s activi ti e s i n Communique. (d ) Interagency Counc il on Al c ohol a nd Drugs . Th is Council is simply a " coming together ' of establ ished agencies concerned with problems related to the use of alcohol and drugs. It provides a means by which such agencies can work together. The Council has divided itself into the following five Task Forces: Resources and Exis ting Facilities and Services, Education, Treatment and Counseling, Speakers Bureau, and Legal Aspects and Legislation. You've received some information on this important and interesting activity and more will be forthcoming. - -- (e) Expanded Public Information Service. We have improved our methods of get·ting valuable information to the general public and will give greater emphasis to this activity. The information gathered by our Research Center and through our various programs, if properly and attractively passed on to the general public, will provide our area with a better informed citizenry. This greater understanding of our problems will in time result in an improvement in services and funds to meet the problems. �ll The above are simply illustrative of the variety of activities in which the Council is engaged. The Child Development Project revealed the need for further work on such problems as retardation of children, the need for twenty-four hour child care, learning difficulties etc. Volunteer Atlanta The Council is a .sponsor of Volunteer Atlanta and will continue to assist this project. As you may recall, Volunteer Atlanta was brought about largely by the Council and is sponsored by the Council, the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, the Atlanta Junior League, the Community Chest, and E.O.A. Its object is to recruit, train and place volunteers in public and private agencies throughout the five-county area. We think this can be one of the most important projects begun in the Atlanta area during recent years. Assistance to Groups The Council is receiving an ever increasing number of 1·equests for technical assistance from agencies, neighborhood groups, and civic organizations. Agencies are requesting assistance in reviewing their programs; neighborhoods are seeking assistance in the drafting of proposals for resident-determined programs; and civic organizations are asking for suggestions as to the type of programs in which they might be effectively involved Thus, technical assistance to neighborhood groups and direct service agencies is becoming a major role of the Council. We think this role should be emphasized and that means must be devised to adequately provide such assistance. The Council is.basically a collection of staff, accumulated information and experience, and skill, and whenever its assistance can make agencies, neighborhood groups, churches and civic organizations more effective in their work, we add to the funds and resources being put to effective use in our community. This type of . assistance is one of the most important functions the Council can perform. t Program Development During the early part of 1970, we expect to organize a Program Development Committee for the Council. This Committee will be made up of Board members and individuals who are n~t on the Board. Its function will be to provide a means for continually reviewing the work activities of the Councii and assisting in the establishment of priority for its programs. The Council is a social planning organization which can be an important resource in the community only if it retains its vitality and flexibility. If the Council had become rigid in devising its programs, its people and resources would not have been available to engage in some of the activities described above which maintain a balance between continuity in those activities which look to long range improvement and flexibility sufficient to give the community the benefit of the skill and information available through the Council's resources. The Program Development Committee will provide a means for retaining the Council's vitality and balance in its work activities. Obviously there is a great deal to be done to make our five-county area a better place in which to live. I think it equally obvious that there is a great deal with which to do the job if we plan and work together with imagination, enthusiasm and a sense of urgency. So let's roll up our sleeves and see what we can accomplish together in 1970. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document | | l Community ; Council of the ls a a re Atlanta EUGENE T. BRANCH, Chairman of the Board of Directors Area inc, DUANE W. BECK, Executive Director ALENE F. UHRY, Editor 1000 GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA STREET, N.W. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 TELEPHONE 577-2250 January, 1970 SPECIAL EDITION ——— eee ——_— LOOKING AHEAD Eugene Branch, Chairman of the Community Council's Board of Directors, has carefully reviewed our activities of the year just ended, and now looks ahead to 1970, We believe Communique readers will be interested in the following program Mr, Branch envisions: The beginning of a new year is a good time for an organization to pause long enough to consider where it is in the achievement of its goals and where it is going. Since others are due the credit, I think it not immodest of me to say that I believe the Council did a good job in 1969, However, rather than dwell on the 1969 activities, it would seem more helpful to mention some of the activities which will be given priority in 1970. In addition to the normal and on-going activities of the Social Research Center and Permanent Conference, the following illustrate the activities which will be given emphasis in 1970: u, Community Coordinated Child Care (4-C) The 4-C program is a federal program designed to develop a coordinated program to provide services to children--and thus make better use of the community's funds and resources in providing such services, Atlanta was named a pilot community and the Council was named the delegate agency. A Steering Committee composed of parents, representatives of day care agencies and organizations has been elected and is at work. Much of our staff time will be devoted to this activity. This is an outgrowth of our Child Development Project, 2. Day Care Action Subcommittee The very fine work of this Subcommittee will be continued in 1970, Its function is to stimulate interest in day care and help develop new day care resources, In 1969 the Subcommittee published a Day Care Manual which provides a step-by-step guide to those interested in planning and developing a day care center, The response has been so enthusiastic that we are swamped with requests by church groups and others for technical assistance, This important activity also arose out of our Child Develop- ment Project. 3. Coordination of Services and Planning One of the most important on-going activities of the Council is that of bringing together planning and service agencies in an effort to provide coordination of planning and services, The existing funds and resources for dealing with our urgent urban problems are extremely limited and all agencies have an obligation to jointly plan and coordinate their activities in dealing with the problems which are their major ooncern., Space does not permit an adequate description of the Council's work activities in coordi- nation but periodic reports will be given in Communique. 4, Emergency Assistance Every effort to identify the most urgent problems in our five-county area has resulted in high priority being given to the need for developing more resources for emergency assistance, There are many aspects of the problem, An Emergency Assistance Committee has been organized and has begun to funG=- tion. It has determined to work first on developing resources to deal with the problems arising out of evictions, Hundreds of families are evicted each year and there is no organized program to help the evicted families with such needs as storage space for furniture, temporary shelter, food etc, 5. Other Special Activities (a) Welfare Committee, Practically everyone agrees that our entire welfare program must be overhauled. A Welfare Committee is studying various income maintenance programs, including the Administration's Family Assis- tance Act, and will make periodic reports. (b) Advisory Committee for Information and Referral. This Committee was formed to assist in the improvement of information and referral service in the metropolitan Atlanta area and to devise means for improving services to meet the most urgent needs identified by such service, Among other things, this Committee will help focus attention on the most serious unmet needs in our area, (c) Fourteenth Street Multi-Purpose Center, The Council has leased a house on Juniper Street to be used as a community center for the Fourteenth Street area, It is functioning and has been well-received. The focus will be on a voluntary medical clinic, a counseling center and a twenty-four hour information and referral service, This facility is being operated at the present time entirely by volunteers, The Center can meet a great need and we'll keep you up to date on its activities in Communique. (d) Interagency Council on Alcohol and Drugs. This Council is simply a “coming together" of established agencies concerned with problems related to the use of alcohol and drugs. It provides a means by which such agencies can work together, The Council has divided itself into the following five Task Forces: Resources and Existing Facilities and Services, Education, Treatment and Counseling, Speakers Bureau, and Legal Aspects and Legisla- tion. You've received some information on this important and interesting activity and more will be forthcoming. (e) Expanded Public Information Service, We have improved our methods of getting valuable information to the general public and will give greater emphasis to this activity. The information gathered by our Research Center and through our various programs, if properly and attractively passed on to the general public, will provide our area with a better informed citizenry, This greater understanding of our problems will in time result in an improvement in services and funds to meet the problems, The above are simply illustrative of the variety of activities in which the Council is engaged, The Child Development Project revealed the need for further work on such problems as retardation of children, the need for twenty-four hour child care, learning difficulties etc, Volunteer Atlanta The Council is a sponsor of Volunteer Atlanta and will continue to assist this project. As you may recall, Volunteer Atlanta was brought about largely by the Council and is sponsored by the Council, the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, the Atlanta Junior League, the Community Chest, and E.0,A, Its object is to recruit, train and place volunteers in public and private agencies throughout the five-county area, We think this can be one of the most important projects begun in the Atlanta area during recent years, Assistance to Groups The Council is receiving an ever increasing number of requests for technical assistance from agencies, neighborhood groups, and civic organi- zations, Agencies are requesting assistance in reviewing their programs; neighborhoods are seeking assistance in the drafting of proposals for resident-determined programs; and civic organizations are asking for sugges- tions as to the type of programs in which they might be effectively involved Thus, technical assistance to neighborhood groups and direct service agencies is becoming a major role of the Council. We think this role should be emphasized and that means must be devised to adequately provide such assistance, The Council is’ basically a collection of staff, accumu- lated information and experience, and skill, and whenever its assistance can make agencies, neighborhood groups, churches and civic organizations more effective in their work, we add to the funds and resources being put to effective use in our community. This type of assistance is one of the most important functions the Council can perform. Program Development During the early part of 1970, we expect to organize a Program Develop- ment Committee for the Council. This Committee will be made up of Board members and individuals who are not on the Board. Its function will be to provide a means for continually reviewing the work activities of the Councii and assisting in the establishment of priority for its programs. The Council is a social planning organization which can be an important resource in the community only if it retains its vitality and flexibility. If the Council had become rigid in devising its programs, its people and resources would not have been available to engage in some of the activities described above which maintain a balance between continuity in those acti- vities which look to long range improvement and flexibility sufficient to give the community the benefit of the skill and information available through the Council's resources, The Program Development Committee will provide a means for retaining the Council's vitality and balance in its work activities, Obviously there is a great deal to be done to make our five-county area a better place in which to live. I think it equally obvious that there is a great deal with which to do the job if we plan and work together with imagination, enthusiasm and a sense of urgency. So let's roll up our sleeves and see what we can accomplish together in 1970,  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 24 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/ec0ad717962ab2f974522c3147d44b27.pdf 469826248ac0244a056d2c46d7c3434f Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. o .µ .µ rl o C ro C ~ µ >, ,0 Cl:l r-1 Cl) .a rl Cd b() , :-J ~ ~J QJ ~ ~ ~ -; I Q) C .µ 4__:, c:i: ,I ,,-1 , ?,:: • C l 2 3 MUNICIPALITI ES o o o •r=i rr., o 3 z - Ma r~i-e-. 1:-.i::-a-_------1- - - i - - , - - - - - - - - - - ______X__ ,_____\ ___ _ 0 Bree 11 - Dec a tur - Fo::ceE, t ?a r·k - - - - - - - - '· - - - - - - · - - - - - - - , - -- ct> • 0 ~ 0 X · --- X x - - - - -1-- - - 1-- - - x - -- +--- •----!-""--- PROVIDERS ff"o l' t SO-n-----=C-0...,...b~O-ll C:: ct ~ · • X X McLe ndon - Atl. Me d. , X X Vinton - D:e ka l b Me d XI X X Wells - Fulton Ne d X x I Miller· - Ga. Psychi a t. '>?---',- - - - _><_ _ _ _ N __ X H X Gulley - No. Ga . Dent X. X X Hamby - No. Dist. Dent X }! Cantrell - Fulton P.H.D. X ) -_Vinson - De Ka lo P-:lCD'-. - X: X X X ~urg e - Atl. Hosp. Di s t X ' X )( Pinkston - Grady Hosp X X ~icha rdson - Emory Me d Sch X N X ) ·Lane - Ga . Stat e H. Sci. x x x 5 Lott "' - 5th Dist Nur s ~ ~ X H ~eek - Ga. Heart As s o c ¥ X - Am.-- Soc. H. Assocs ..,,.-,,,McFall- - - ~ ~- ~ -- 1 - - - - - - - " - - - - - + - - - - + - - - l-l--'----+------i- ---1-..c..-~ . .~ade - Na t Asso c S oc Work I X X X Joc ke rs - Me d. Te c h. Soc x X X )( Robinson - Gra d y (s e mi-sk11: X Cutini - Hea lth Ins. X X' l ~ ~ 1 .. . POOR & 1':EAR ? OO R "°o a. rc1ne r - A tl EOA-- - - - - - - , - - - - - . - ,--x---,1---x-t·--t+-X--J,----1----+~1---Fre e ma.n I- A tl EOA X x ,'-<,.,...,.. x .Moo n e y ~ A tl EOA , >c ~ X · ' I ' I _Gl e n n _ - Cl ay_t_o_n_E~c_·._f\ _ _ _ _ _ 1_X~ 1 ___, ----t-----,.\{c-1---1-t----.~X~--~,~ l- - S ouder - Cla y t on EGA X i X X J San d er:-s-D e Ka l b - Ro c kda l e EOA )(' X 1v_/4,,.r k µ I Broug hton - Gwi nne tt EOA x x. X H I -~-9hns on - MOd e l Ci ti e s X X x I ,L.ov e tt · - M,odel Ci t j_e s x X X J Cof e r - Gran t Pa r k ?TA " x X H Ha wth orne PTA ,c I IJ )t-· µ ,__Qr if f in - sO • Dou g 0-;;:s:;-;-_p:-;,m -1A;---i------,'r-'-x_ _ --1..c...x_ _+-- --H-----i-~- .:.._..:..X,__+-t-'--I_ __ "Ma th ew s - Na t. Welf Righ ts I )( X N X !-\ 1 ,... B~ rn es - Sou th s i d e Co:np H. x _ x . . X I Gri g g s - Te r.a n ts Ur. i ted FF >;x X 1 __ fvla :r'sha.1 7 - At'-l_._.:t..c.cAJ -'A'--=C.-=P ---- - -+---- -' _ _X_· - +-- - ')(..:+---H--..:.X_:___1_ _-'i- - -.!.....-!-.l_ _ _ I Ki mp s on - At l Urba n Le a g ue X x X H I i $ l � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document MUNICIPALITIES Clayton DeKalb Douglas 35 cl fy Gwinnett wh . Non-Wh. Attend. - Marietta Breen - Decatur ~ Forest Park i Cobo x oe PROVIDERS “Miller - Ga. Psychiat. -wicFall - Am. Soc. H, Assocs Fortson - Cobb Med MeLendon - Atl. Med. Vinton - Dekalb Med Wells - Fulton Med x x Gulley - No. Ga. Dent Hamby - No. Dist. Bent - Cantrell - Fulton P.H.D, ™ % “Vinson - Dekalb PVHVD: Burge - Atl. Hosp. Dist Pinkston - Grady Hosp _Richardson - Emory Med Sch “RMR [re MM DO * “Lane - Ga. State H. Sei. Lott ~ - 5th Dist Nurs Beck - Ga. Heart Assoc mm MWK WMI KR ORI Km Ow So OR OS ON “Wade - Nat Assoc Soc Work Jockers ~ Med. Tech, Soc ' Robinson - Grady (semi-skil } _Ccutini - Healtn Ins. Mm MK ARM és x x ma EO a DO one Lee eh a a ey PGOR & NEAR POOR - Gardner - Atl EGA Freeman- Atl EQOA Mooney + Atl EOA _Glenn - Cliayton EGA Oe om x x ‘Souder ~ Clayton ECA SandexrsDeKalb-Rockdale EOA Broughton - Gwinnett EOA _dJohnson - MCdel Cities > joe * mM De | Oe Whar ox . Lovett-- Model Cities Cofer - Grant Park PTA *s Hewthorne PTA Griffin - So. Douglas PTA Ot 1K x se Ra a Mathews - Nat. Welf Rignts Barnes - Southsiae Comp H. Griggs - Tenants Urited FF _Marshali - Ati NAACP x OO Kimoson - Atl Urban League BUSINESS & LABOR le eM fuller = Atl. © of CofC’: a Wright - Atl Labor Counc  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 23 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/bbcfa994bd5f1a25419944d395184dee.pdf 48fec5bd7cec82c9d5c9cba99c44220f Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. REPORT OF THE NOMINATING COMMITTEE - JANUARY 1970 The Nominating Committee, consisting of Hon, L. H. Athe rton, Rev. E. B. Broughton, Mr. A. B. Padge tt, and Dr. R. E. Wells, present the following slate for consid erati on of the Metropolitan Atlanta Council for Health: For President: Dr. Robert E. Wells For Vice Presid ent Council Func t ion: Mr. Lyndon A. Wade For Vic e Presid e nt Liaison & PR: Hon. Thomas M. Callaway , Jr. * For Vice President Spe cial Needs: Re v. Ervin B. Broughton For Vice Presid e nt Project Review: Dr. Luthe r Fortson For Vic e President Administration: Mr. Gary Cut ini For S ecretary: Mrs. Loretta Barnes Has not signifie d acceptance of the nomination as of 19 January 1 970. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document REPORT OF THE NOMINATING COMMITTEE - JANUARY 1970 The Nominating Committee, consisting of Hon. L. H. Atherton, Rev. E. B. Broughton, Mr. A. B. Padgett, and Dr. R. E. Wells, present the following slate for consideration of the Metropolitan Atlanta Council for Health: . For President: For Vice President Council Function: For Vice President Liaison & PR: For Vice President Special Needs: For Vice President Project Review: For Vice President Administration: For Secretary: Dr. Robert E. Wells Mr. Lyndon A. Wade Hon. Thomas M. Callaway, Jr.* Rev. Ervin B. Broughton Dr. Luther Fortson Mr. Gary Cutini Mrs. Loretta Barnes *Has not signified acceptance of the nomination as of 19 January 1970.  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 22 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/819e96aeaf3a62f916fef0caf00bdf3f.pdf 12b4f1ab5d920365820c68774fd469dd Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. EU G ENE T . BRANCH. C..:Ju.:irm:l rl E !...L I O TT G O LD STE I N , 1:ic,: C/::1i r m an A. 6 . P AD'SETT . t' : {:r Cl:::in,:.:'1 M ns . T H O t-.1 A S H . GI O S ON . Si·c r,·ra ry R A LPH A. BC:CK . lr,:,t\ ttr r r DU ANE O ME TH O U AN D GLENN B UILD IN G , 120 MARIET TA ST., . J. w. BEC K, £\·e(·urivc D ireC({}1' ATL • T A , G EO IA 3 0 3 03 ·;-:• 2L c P H ONE 577-2~50 19 January, 1970 Members of the Metropolitan Atlanta Council for Health TO: . FRO.ii: A. B. Padgett, Chairman pro tern Meeting Notice SUBJ: The. annual meeting of MACHealth will be he l January 1970. Pl a ce of the meeting will be Room 409, 101 Marietta Street Building. Time wi 1 be 12:00 Noon. Principal business of the meeting will be the election of officers for the year 1970. Persons elected will s erve until the next annual meeting in January, 1971, or until their successors are qualifj_ed. Enclosed with this meeting notice is the r e port of the Nominating Committee . Persons have been nominated for each of the seven offices, and for a replacement on the Nominating Committee in case Dr. Wells is elected preside nt. (The president serves, ex officio, on the Nominating Committee.) The s e 'p ond page of the Nominating Cammi ttee report indicat es the d istribution of oner , two-, and three -year terms for persent members of the Council. This is to insure that one -third of the elected members of the Council are elected each year in the future. The selection f or l e ngth of term was done by drawing number s out of a hat, but assuring that specific groups (such as medi cal society members, h ealth providers as a whol e group, et c.) have a reasonable di stribu t ion of 1-, 2-, and 3-year terms. With the .possible exce ption of our first meet ing last June, this is. like ly to l;>e the most important meeting of MACHealth's history. Your attendance i s urgently requested. If you c annot make it, be sure your a lternate at tends~ A. B. Padgett, Chairman pro tern .JP/RBL/la I s.. P. , I regret to ha ve to tell you that, becau se of budgeta'ry. probl ems , we will 'be unabl e to hold our " getting to know you" me eting on ·7 February. Vie shall try to schedul e it for March. ABP � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document : EUGENE T. BRANCH, Chairanun ? ; er ( c ‘e ys SY Ey my ra i‘? ELLIOTT GOLOSTEIN, airmare | _ wt gut Dente Deed eet bel i A. B, PADGETT, Fice Chualriienn 4 4 a >£ may ig ea een ae ee oe MRS, THOMAS H, GIBSON, Seeretary } : tt Rive Sinaia Stor wis Naa? ly Wc Noe RALPH A. BECK. Treasurer ‘ eo, 3 3 Ee IIe: DUANE W. BECK, Fvecutive Director ONE THOUSAND GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA ST., N. YW. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30503 TELEPHONE 19 January, 1970 TO: Members of the Metropolitan Atlanta Council for Health . FROM: A. B. Padgett, Chairman pro tem SUBJ: Meeting Notice The annual meeting of MACHealth will be held. 29 January 1970. Place of the meeting will be Room 409, 101 Marietta Street Building. Time will be 12:00 Noon. Principal business of the meeting will be the election of officers for the year 1970, Persons elected will serve until the next annual meeting in January, 1971, or until their successors are qualified. Enclosed with this meeting notice is ~~ the report of the Nominating Committee. Persons have been nominated for each of the seven offices, and for a replacement on the Nominating Committee in case Dr. Wells is elected president. (The president serves, ex officio,. on the Nominating Committee.) The second page of the Nominating Committee report indicates the distribution of one-, two-, and three-year terms for persent members of the Council, This is to insure that one-third of the elected members of the Council are elected each year in the future. The selection for length of term was done by drawing numbers out of a hat, but assuring that specific groups (Such as medical society members, health providers as a whole group, etc.) have a reasonable distribution of 1-, 2-, and 3-year terms. With the possible exception of our first meeting last June, this is likely to be the most important meeting of MACHealth's history. Your attendance is urgently requested. If you cannot make it, be sure your alternate attends} QB. Cbg ll A. B. Padgett, Chairman pro tem ABP/RBL/la P, S. I regret to have to tell you that, because of budgetary problems, we will be unable to hold our "getting to know you" meeting on 7 February. We shall try to schedule it for March, ABP  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 21 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/6733faa19faed6691e958472ec78f14e.pdf e2aa209dd3bbb1dacb0e62d574d7c553 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. I L C C uncil A tlanta A rea inc. DUANE W, BECK. ONE THOUSAND GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA ST., N. W. £,ecuti,·e Director ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 TELEPHONE S77-2250 January 8, 1970 Mr. Dan E. Sweat, Jr. Chief Administrator Office of the Mayor City Hall . Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Mr 0 Sweat: The Interagency Council on Alcohol and Drugs is composed of 150 public and private agency and organization representatives who are concerned and interested in the problem of alcoholism and drug abuse. It is chaired by Dr. James L. Goddard whose background in Public Health and Pure Foods and Drugs has lent immeasurable support and knowledge to the Council. The Interagency Council was established to carry on a program of · e ducation, coordinate existing services and stimulate the developme nt of new ones . At present there is a tremendous amount of public interest in drug abuse and many groups are eager to do something about it . There are now 4 proposals rf or Drug Treatment Centers which the Interagency Council is e valuating in order to make recommendations f or implementation. The se pl ans all require support from the city administration. Since the Council is composed of and has access to most of the drug specialists in the area the judgment s it makes s hould be valid and obj e ctive . We wi ll be glad to supply you with our findings and act as a clearing house for all drug treatment proposals . In this way we can be sure that the city gets the best kind of services and the kind it really need s. Sincerely, k<«Y1 tt! A(lL Duane w. Beck Executive Director Copy to: DWB:cfh Clarence L. Greene Office of the Mayor �• { BOARD OF DIRECTORS Cecil Alexander Ivon Allen, Ill Rolph A. Beck Eugene T. Branch Ben1omin D. Brown Charlie Brown W. L. Collowo, Campbell Dosher Albert M. Dov,-, , M. D Roy J Efird J Rufus Evans, M. D Robert L. Foreman, Jr. Jomes P. Furniss Donald H . Goreis Larry L. G.ellerstedt, Jr Mrs. Thomas H Gibson H. M Gloster Elliott Goldste,n Allen 5. Hardin Vivion Henderson Mrs Helen Howard John Izard Ira Jackson Joseph W. Jones Alex B. Locy Mrs Maggie Moody Mrs John L. Moore Jr . A. B. Padgett Mrs. Rhodes L. Perdue Les H. Persells J William Pinkston, Jr. L D. Rizk J Randolph Taylor Nat Welch Allison Williams John C. W,i5on John E. Wright ADVISORY BOARD J. G. Bradbury Jomes V. Corm,chael R. Howard Dobl1s Jr Edwin I. Hatch Boisfeu,llet Jones Mil is B. Lone, _ r William W. Moore, Jr., M D W. A. Parker, Sr. Richard H. Rich J ohn A Sibley Lee Tolley P. cston Upshaw William C Wardlow, Jr. George V\' Woodruff � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document E THOUSAND GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA ST... M. W AT 2» Tt Wen VID ye ee es oe Co RELIZLUAIALE WwW January 8, 1970 Mr, Dan E, Sweat, Jr, Chief Administrator Office of the Mayor City Hall Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Mr, Sweat: The Interagency Council on Alcohol and Drugs is composed of 150 public and private agency and organization representa- tives who are concerned and interested in the problem of alco- holism and drug abuse, It is chaired by Dr, James L, Goddard whose background in Public Health and Pure Foods and Drugs has lent immeasurable support and knowledge to the Council, The Interagency Council was established to carry on a program of education, coordinate existing services and stimulate the devel- opment of new ones, At present there is a tremendous amount of public interest in drug abuse and many groups are eager to do something about it, There are now 4 proposals for Drug Treatment Centers which the Interagency Council is evaluating in order to make recommen- dations for implementation, These plans all require support from the city administration, Since the Council is composed of and has access to most of the drug specialists in the area the judgments it makes should be valid and objective, We will be glad to supply you with our findings and act as a clearing house for all drug treatment proposals, In this way we can be sure that the city gets the best kind of services and the kind it really needs, Sincerely, “r | : : ji / ff} ‘ pf fa, 4) JP Ki ((/ A [ te / LA S Le Duane W, Beck Executive Director Copy to: Clarence L, Greene Office of the Mayor DWB: cfh Cecil Alexander Ivan Allen, III Ralph A. Beck Eugene T. Branch Benjamin D. Brown Charlie Brown W. L. Calloway Campbell Dasher Albert M. Davis, M. D BOARD OF DIRECTORS Ray J. Efird © J. Rufus Evans, M. D. Robert L. Foreman, Jr. James P. Furniss Donald H. Gareis Larry L, Gellerstedt, Jr. Mrs. Thomas H. Gibson H. M. Gloster Elliott Goldstein Allen S. Hardin Vivian Henderson Mrs. Helen Howard John Izard Ira Jackson Joseph W. Jones Alex B. Lacy Mrs. Maggie Moody Mrs. John L. Moore, A. B. Padgett Mrs. Rhodes L. Perdue Les H. Persells J. Williom Pinkston, Jr. L. D. Rizk J. Randolph Taylor Nat Welch Allison Williams Jr. John C, Wilson John E. Wright J. G. Bradbury James V. Carmichael R. Howard Dobbs, Jr Edwin |. Hatch Boisfeuillet Jones Richard H. Rich ADVISORY BOARD Mills B. Lane, Jr. William W. Moore, Jr, M.D. W. A. Parker, Sr. John A, Sibley Lee Talley Preston Upshaw William C. Wardiaw, Jr. George W. Woodruff  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 20 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/787f15a4e714109e48e463ea456d18cb.pdf 6abad6ed0c3a8f4bcfd47fc55e224e0a Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. I ', C O P Y L AW O FF I C ES ROBERT T .1JON'ES . JR. FRANCIS M. BIRO ARTHUR HOWELL EUGENE T .·BRANCH EDWARD \c?IKAN E JONES , BIRD PO BER T' L .fOREMAN, JR. FO UR TH LYMAN H. H'f.LLIARD FRAZER DURRETT, JR . EARLE B . MAY.JR. TRAMMELL E .VICK E RY RALPH WIL LI AMS . J R . J. DONALLY SMIT H WILLIAM B.WASSO N C. DA L E HA R MAN PEGRAM HARRISON CHARLES W. S M ITH CHASE VANVALKENBU R G RICHARD A. ALLISON F". M.BIRD. JR. PEYTON S. HAWES. JR. RAWSON FOR E MAN MARY ANN E. SEA RS ARTH U R HOW EL L Ill VANCE Q. RANKIN Ill CYRUS E . HORNSBY Il l RICHARD M . ASBILL FLO O R & HOWELL HAAS - H OWEL L BU IL D I NG ROBERT P. JONES ATLANTA , GEORGIA 30303 RALPH WI L LIAMS 1903·1960 January 20, 1970 T E LEPHON E 5 2 2-2508 AR E A CODE 404 Honorable Sam Massell Mayor, City of Atlanta 68 Mitchell Street , S. W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Mayor Hassell : It gives me genuine pleasure to enclose a courtesy copy of the 1969 Directory of Community Ser vices published by the Conmunity Council of the Atlanta Area,. Inc . We have been very pleased with the reception given this publication and trust th t it will be of value to you . Yesterday I chatted briefly with Dan Swe t about our com.,. munity center in the hippie district and the work the Council is doing in the area of alcohol and drug abu e . A council w s formed a short time ago composed of organizations concerned with the problem of alcohol and drug buse . Bee use of the tremen• dous interest in this rea, I und r t nd that now approxim -t ly 150 organization h ve expre ed a desire to work through some ort of council . The Community Council has b en providing st ff as istance end guidance to the proj ct . I told Dan that w would get up a su ry of wh th s been don nd th present propos d plan for continu d coordin ted effort on thi pt-0blem. I am aw re of the many critic 1 problems with which you ar now concern d and 1 told Dan that we would beg d to it down with both of you nd discus som of our ctiviti t your con• venienc . Be t p raon 1 reg ,:d ·- . Siner ly, Eug je nclo ur T n at T. Br nch � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document ‘easy REEF SEE. PPR nS ET Oa a ee a ss — = a fi 4 f ; , COPY i “ he L CoM , (irs eat ROBERT TONES, JR. LAW OFFICES FRANCIS M. BIRD = p | G) ARTHUR HOWELL i EUGENE fomanen JONES, BIRD & HOWELL IA * Crp Ame EDWARD, RIKANE ROBERT L. FOREMAN, JR. FOURTH FLOOR HAAS-HOWELL BUILDING LYMAN H. HILLIARD ROBERT FP JONES F T, i h PRAPeH OCR EAT Ie ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 1879-1956 TRAMMELL E.VICKERY RALPH WILLIAMS RALPH WILLIAMS, JR. 1903-1960 J. DONALLY SMITH WILLIAM B.WASSON ¢. DALE HARMAN = Segal HaReSON January 20, 1970 Tee Ges Seve aos CHARLES W. SMITH CHASE VAN VALKENBURG RICHARD A. ALLISON FL M. BIRD, JR. PEYTON S. HAWES, JR. RAWSON FOREMAN MARY ANN E. SEARS ARTHUR HOWELL Ill VANCE ©. RANKIN Ill CYRUS E.HORNSBY Ill RICHARD M.ASBILL Honorable Sam Masselil Mayor, City of Atlanta 68 Mitchell Street, S. W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Mayor Massell: It gives me genuine pleasure to enclose a courtesy copy of the 1969 Directory of Community Services published by the Community Gouncil of the Atlanta Area, Inc. We have been very pleased with the reception given this publication and trust that it will be of value to you, Yesterday I chatted briefly with Dan Sweat about our com- munity center in the hippie district and the work the Council is doing in the area of alcohol and drug abuse. A council was formed a short time ago composed of organizations concerned with the problem of alcohol and drug abuse. Because of the tremens dous interest in this area, I understand that now approximately 150 organizations have expressed a desire to work through some sort of council. The Community Council has been providing staff assistance and guidance to the project. I told Dan that we would get up a summary of what has been done and the present proposed plan for continued coordinated effort on this problem. I am aware of the many critical problems with which you are now concerned and I told Dan that we would be glad to sit down with both of you and discuss some of our activities at your con- venience, Best personal regards. Sincerely, ETB:jis Eugene T. Branch Enclosure ce: Mr. Dan Sweat  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 19 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/5032aecb9d9db3fc9389f9dd20eccd36.pdf f0ec53ee8b41f0da0a402c1a6d5ccc81 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. USO COUNCIL OF GREATER ATLANTA, lNC. 151 Spring Street, N.W. • Atlanta, Georgia 30303 • 525-4976 Executive Director Lloyd R. Hoon Honorary President Hon . Ivan Allen, Jr. President Mr. Robert H. Phillips October 17, 1969 Vice Presidents Mr. James R. Brown Mr. Hampton L. Daughtry Mr. J. lee Morris Secretary Mrs. Harold Marcus Treasurer Mr. James C. Blyth e Past President Brig. Gen. J. R. Ranck, ret. M<emben Mr. Bernard Abrams Mr. Ashton J. Albert Mr. Carter T. Barron, Jr. Mr. Jame, S. Briggs Mr. E. R. Brooks Mr. John S. Candle r II Mr. Walter Cates Mr. Rodney Cook Rev. Howard W . Creecy, Sr. Mr. Richard Culberson Mr. Richard Dolson Col. Harold Dye Mrs. John 0 . Eichler Mr. Jerry Fields Mr. Hilton Full e r Mr. Nip Galphin Mr. R. Ellis Godsha ll Dr. Marvin Goldste in Mr. Ha rry Goodma n M r. Donald M. Hastings, Sr. Mr. Robe rt D. He nnessey Mr. M. L. Howell Mr. Howard Kle in Mr. David L. Kun kler Mr. C. D. l e Bey Mr. P. Harvey Lewis Mr. Marti n Libowsky Mr. Seymour W . Liebman n Mr. E. A. McGuire M r. Robe rt Marti n Mr. W . R. Masse ngale Dr. Harmo n D. Moore Judge Sam Phillip McKenzie Brig. Alfred J. O sborne Mrs . Louis Rege nste in, Jr. Rev. James Sche re r M r. M ichae l Sert ich Mr. l. M. Shadgett Mr. Donall y Smith Dr. Horace Tate Mr. Lyndon Wade M r. William Waronke r Mr. J. R. Wi lson, Jr. Mrs. P. Q . Yancey Advisory Council Mr. Clayton Cosse' Mr. James Dodd Dr. Harry A. Fifield Mr. W ill iam Fran kel Mr. Ra lph H. Garrard Gen. Alvan C. Gillem, re t. Dr. W illi am S. Jackson Mr. Irving K. Kale r Mr. Hugh Mercer Rabbi Jacob Rothsch ild Mr. C. l. Sneed Gen . (Lt.) John L. Th rock mor to n Mr. T. Clack Tucker Mr. Robert B. Wallace, Jr. Mr. Horace T. Wa rd The Honorable Ivan Allen, Junior Mayor of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Mayor Allen: As you know, you are the We regret your departure from and congratulate you for your contributions to this city as Honorary President of our Council. the office of Mayor, but recognize wonderful accomplishments and its Mayor. We would hope your departure from that office might be our gain as we would like very much to have you as a member of the Council for 1970. The Council meets at a simple lunch four times a year with a good deal of the work done behind the scenes by key people and corrnnittees. We wou],d be honored to have you as a member of our Council. We have some very enthusiastic people supporting it . Incidentally, Blanche Theabom is just joining us and will be a new member for next year. We are trying to make our Council more representative of major and important segments of our corrnnunity. Won't you let us have your acceptance? great job you have done for a g reat city. Again, thanks f or the Cordially yours, R.H. Phillips, President Copy to Mr. Llo yd R. Hoon USO MEMBER AGENCIES THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION ° THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC COMMUNITY SERVICE • THE NATIONAL JEWISH WELFARE BOARD THE YOUNG WOMEN 'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION • THE SALVATION ARMY O THE NATIONAL TRAVELERS AID ASSOCIATION • USO IS SUPPORTED THROUGH UNITED FUND � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Ho Ho Ns on a norary President n. Ivan Allen, fr. President Mr . Robert H. Phillips Vice Presidents Mr. James R. Brown Mr . Hampton L. Daughtry Mr. J. Lee Morris Secretary Mr s. Harold Marcus Treasurer Mr. James C. Blythe Past President Bri g. Gen. J. R. Ranck, ret. Members Mr. . Bernard Abrams Mr. Ashton J. Albert Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. . Carter T. Barron, Jr. James 5S. Briggs E. R. Brooks John S. Candler II Mr, Walter Cates Mr. Rodney Cook Rev. Howard W. Creecy, Sr. Mr. Richard Culberson Me. Richard Dolson Col. Harold Dye Mrs. John O. Eichler Mr. Jerry Fields Mr. Mr. Mr. Hilton Fuller Nip Galphin . R. Ellis Godshall Dr. Marvin Goldstein Mr. Harry Goodman Mr. Donald M. Hastings, 5r. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr, . Robert D. Hennessey . ML. Howell Howard Klein . David L. Kunkler Cc. D. LeBey . P. Harvey Lewis Mr. Martin Libowsky Seymour W. Liebmann E. A. McGuire Robert Martin Mr. W. R. Massengale Dr. Harmon D. Moore Judge Sam Phillip McKenzie Brig. Alfred J. Osborne Mrs. Louis Regenstein, Ir. Rev. James Scherer Mr Mr Mr. Dr. Mr. Mr Mr. . Michael Sertich . L. M. Shadgett . Donally Smith Horace Tate . Lyndon Wade . William Waronker - J. R. Wilson, Jr. Mrs. P. Q. Yancey Advisory Council Mr Mr Dr. Mr. . Clayton Cosse’ . James Dodd Harry A. Fifield . William Frankel Mr. Ralph H. Garrard Gen. Alvan C. Gillem, ret. Dr. William 5. Jackson Mr Mr. . Iving K, Kaler . Hugh Mercer Rabbi Jacob Rothschild Mr . C. L. Sneed Gen. (Lt) John L. Throckmorton Mr. . T. Clack Tucker Mr. Robert B, Wallace, Ir Mr. Horace T. Ward COUNCIL OF GREATER ATLANTA, INC. 151 Spring Street, N.W. ® Atlanta, Georgia 30303 ® 525-4976 Executive Director Lloyd R. Hoon October 17, 1969 The Honorable Ivan Allen, Junior ‘Mayor of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Mayor Allen: As you know, you are the Honorary President of our Council. We regret your departure from the office of Mayor, but recognize and congratulate you for your wonderful accomplishments and contributions to this city as its Mayor. We would hope your departure from that office might be our gain as we would like very much to have you as a member of the Council for 1970. The Council meets at a simple lunch four times a year with a good deal of the work done behind the scenes by key people and committees. We would be honored to have you as a member of our Council. We have some very enthusiastic people supporting it. Incidentally, Blanche Theabom is just joining us and will be a new member for next year. We are trying to make our Council more representative of major and important segments of our community. Won't you let us have your acceptance? Again, thanks for the great job you have done for a great city. Cordially yours, R. H. Phillips, President Copy to Mr. Lloyd R. Hoon USO MEMBER AGENCIES THE YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION © THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC COMMUNITY SERVICE ® THE NATIONAL JEWISH WELFARE BOARD THE YOUNG WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION * THE SALVATION ARMY © THE NATIONAL TRAVELERS AID ASSOCIATION « USO IS SUPPORTED THROUGH UNITED FUND  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 18 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/ce3983f0666c5eecc99740d87d488c8d.pdf ae0126b1a62c7cfce4d9dab5258ce5e0 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. October 22, 1969 Mr . R . H . Phillips President Council of Greater Atlanta,, Inc. 151 Spring Street,, N. W . Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Bob: Please excuse me from making any decisions concerning additional responsibilities at this time . I will be glad to discuss the matter of the Council with you .a fter the fir t of the year. { Gratefully. Ivan Allen. J,:. Mayor IAJr:ja � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document October 22, 1969 Mr. R.H. Phillips President Council of Greater Atlanta, Inc. 151 Spring Street, N.W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Bob: Please excuse me from making any decisions concerning additional responsibilities at this time. I will be glad to discuss the matter of the Council with you after the first of the year. é Gratefully, Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor IAJr:ja SS ieee  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 17 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/b639446478e1cdeae7749a9907ac160d.pdf fcc99703f25829683f3abd9142fe309c Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. June 4 , 1969 · mfr. Raphael B . Levine, Director Comprehensive Area Wide Health Planning . Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. 1000 Glenn Building 120 Marietta Street, N. W . Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Dr. Levine: Thank you £or your letter outlining the organization and function of the Metropolitan Atlanta Council for Health . As you know, the Fulton County Department of Health is the official agency £or health matters affecting the City of Atlanta and , normally, programs involving health and health planning would be the responsibility of the County Health Department as far as the City of Atlanta is concerned. I understand, however, that the Comprehensive Area .. wid Health Planning Program which will be carried on by the new Metropolit n Atlanta. Council for Health will involve re responsibility for developing policy and all the broad aspects of health including environmental sanitation, water pollution; etc. I Since the City of Atlanta does have major responsibility for production and distribution of potable w ter and for collection and dis po l of solid w st and also sew ge treatment nd disposal, I can understand why th City of Atlant should hav a representativ on th Health Council. Since both th Sanitation Division nd the Wat r Pollution C ontrol Division fall within the rea of r sponsibility of th Public Works Commltt e of th Board of Ald ~m n,. I am asking Alde:l!"man G. Ev rett Millie n, Ch lrm n of this C ommitt , to repr sent th City on the Council. Sincer ly yours, Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document aS Se ee eee June 4, 1969 ‘Bi. Raphael B. Levine, Director Comprehensive Area Wide Health Planning . Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. 1000 Glenn Building 120 Marietta Street, N. W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Dr. Levine: Thank you for your letter outlining the organization and function of the Metropolitan Atlanta Council for Health. As you know, the Fulton County Department of Health is the official agency for health matters affecting the City of Atlanta and, normally, programs involving health and health planning would be the responsibility of the County Health Department as far as the City of Atlanta is concerned, I understand, however, that the Comprehensive Area- wide Health Planning Program which will be carried on by the new Metropolitan Atlanta Council for Health will involve area responsibility for developing policy and all the broad aspects of health including environmental sanitation, water pollution, etc. Since the City of Atlanta does have major responsibility for production and distribution of potable water and for collection and disposal of solid waste and also sewage treatment and disposal, I can understand why the City of Atlanta should have a representative on the Health Council. Since both the Sanitation Division and the Water Pollution Control Division fall within the area of responsibility of the Public Works Committee of the Board of Aldermen, I am asking Alderman G. Everett Millican, Chairman of this Committee, to represent the City on the Council, Sincerely yours, Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 16 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/6edc316c073de72c8291a119521aa427.pdf 699f4b385b6f62b6acd15e60894c3f72 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. March 16, 1967 RECENT COURT DECISIONS ON ALCOHOLISM: IMPLICATIONS FOR ATLANTA AND THE STATE OF GEORGIA Skid Row has long been recognized as the bilge of our communities. And the derelict inebriates who reside there represent perhaps the lowest form of humanity. For centuries, these derelict alcoholics have been virtually ignored, not only by the average citizen, but indeed by the very public officials who are charged by statute with caring for them. Instead of receiving the attention and help that they deserve and so urgently need, they have received nothing but private disdain and public condemnation. They have been herded mercilessly through our courts and jails, in every city in this country, and especially in Atlanta, in an endless and futile parade. Early last year two United States Courts of Appeals sought to put an end to this senseless parade. These courts recognized, as anyone who stops to think about it must recognize, that this was a parade as much of our nation's blind stupidity as it was of the serious affliction -- chronic alcoholism -- from which these unfortunate people are suffering. It is these legal decisions, and the ramifications that they will inevitably have upon Atlanta and the entire State of Georgia, which I will discuss t oday. I will be as forthright as I can be in my r emarks . And I trust that you, in turn , will be forthright in your comments and criticisms of my suggestions. I I t is appropriate to begin by asking whether Atlanta has a problem of this kind . A~t er all , i f you are f ortunate enough to have no Skid Row, to have no derelict alcoholics , or to provide humane an(\, enlightened treatment for your chronic inebriate population , then we need proceed no further. The f acts that have been made available to me da~onstrate t h at Atlanta doe s , i ndeed , have a very grave pr oblem. Both a Georgi a statute and an Atlanta or dinance prohibit public i nt oxication. I n At l ant a, t here were 40, 811 arre sts f or dr unkenness during 1966, and an additional 6,494 arr ests f or "drunk and dis orderly , " making a grand total of 47,305 arrests for intoxication. And this figure would be substantially i ncreased if arrests for other offenses closely related to intoxi cat i on , such as vagr ancy and loiter ing , wer e included . The recent Report of the President' s Commision on Law Enforcement and Administration of J ustice, released~. t o the public just l ast month, has singled out Atl anta and the District of Columbi a as the two jurisdict i ons where chronic inebriate offenders ar e most harshly persecuted with constant arrest and convict i on f or public intoxicat ion. On a per capit a basis , the District of Columbia seems to have outstripped Atlanta slightly i n i t s zeal to put these men in jail, according to the 1965 statistics used by the President's Commission. As a result of the Easter case, however, Atlanta may by now have taken over from the District of Columbia the dubious distinction of being the Nation's leading exponent of the theory that sick men should be arrested and convicted for displaying the symptoms of their illness in public. During one sample month, November 1966, approximately one-thi rd of the persons arrested for int oxication in Atlanta paid a $15 fine before coming to court. By paying this fine, they avoided the distasteful experience of appearing �-2- in Drunk Court. The remaining two-thirds apparently could not raise $15 and therefore had no choice but to be brought before the Court. I have made no study of the Atlanta drunkenness offenders, and therefore can only extrapolate from national data and rely upon local data obtained from your State officials. But a national sur-vey conducted during the past two years has indicated that between 9(f/o and 95°/o of the drunkenness offenders who are not able to pay a fine upon arrest, and who therefore are forced to appear in Drunk Court, have very serious drinking problems. As I shall describe later, these statistics have been confirmed with a vengeance in our District of Columbia Drunk Court during the past 12 months. ,And I would imagine that the situation is no different in Atlanta. In a study conducted by Emory University during 1962 and 1963, it was found that 6,000 chronic alcoholics accounted for 30,000 arrests. More recently , the Emory staff has concluded that Atlanta has a population of up to 12,000 individual chronic inebriate offenders. Whether the correct figure is 6,000 or 12,000, or somewhere between, it is readily apparent that the problem is staggering. It could be dismissed only by assuming what the President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia has described as "a callous disregard for human life." And it can be attacked onlycy- what that Commission has characterized as "a determination for the first time to grapple with the deep-seated disabilities of the City's derelicts." Now let us look at the kind of help given to these people by the City of Atlanta. Again, I rely upon information that has been furnished to me. It is my understanding that , as a result of the first Emory study, a comprehensive plan to attack the problem of the chronic inebriate offender in At lanta was drawn up. Although bits and snatches have been implemented, it has basically gone unheeded. Drunken derelicts who are arrested receive no routine medical treatment, and are t aken to Grady Memorial Hospital only if they exhibit a serious medical p.robl em. Nor is medical help or rehabilitation services available at the Stockade, where they are sent after conviction. Paradoxically, Atlanta has a reput ation throughout the country of progres s ive t reatment f or alcohl ics. The Georgian Clini c is frequently cit ed f or its work -but I was dist ressed to learn just a few days ago that it has only 50 beds , and is expected to serve not just Atlanta, but the entire State of Georgia. The Emory Universit y Alcohol Pr oject has also been r eceiving nation-wide at tent ion -but , again, I was distressed to l earn t hat its pat ients apparent l y come onl y from prison, not from t he streets, and only f or vocational rehabilitation, not f or general treatment f or their alcoholism. Finally, your Stat e Legislature has enacted a statute for t he r ehabi l i t ation of alcohol ics. But a perus al of that statute r eadi ly demonst rat es that i t is far more punitive than any criminal statute could be. Upon determination that an individual is a chronic alcoholic who is in need of hospitalization, and upon agreement by the Department of Health to admit the individual as a patient, that man can be held against his will for an indeterminate length of time. There is not even a r equirement that the court find that he is dangerous to the public safety, or that the Department of Health has adequate and appropriate treatment programs and facilities for him. Ant it is readily apparent that in Atlanta and the State of Georgia today, there is no adequate and appropriate treatment program or facilities for derelict alcoholics. �·3Thus, there is no question but that Atlanta and the State uf Georgia do have a problem. There is good reason for a.1.1. of you to come here today to consider this matter. II The problem of public -drunkenness has been with us for centuries. Under early English common law, public intoxication was not considered criminal. activity. Drunkenness was considered entirely proper unless it resulted in an illegal breach of the peace. Mere public intoxication was first made a criminal offense by an English statute in 1606. And, today, it remains a criminal offense, with varying penalties, in virtually every part of the United States. We need not trace, today, the history of the criminal law as it has applied to alcoholism from 1606 to the present. Suffice it to say that the early courts concluded that, because alcoholism is a voluntarily-acquired disease, an alcoholic's drinking must be deemed to be voluntary as a matter of law. And since it is a well-established legal principle that an individual is responsible for all of his voluntary acts, alcoholics have been held criminally liable for their public intoxication, and any anti-social behavior it has caused, down through the years. The health professions have recognized, of course, that an alcoholic does not drink voluntarily. In 1947, the United States Congress enacted a District of Columbia statute, based upon the best available medical testimony, which explicitly recognized that an alcoholic has lost control over his drinking. In 1956, the American Medical Association officially recognized chronic alcoholism as an illness which should properly be treated by physicians. And in 1966, the courts caught up to the legislatures and to the medical profession. III { I would like to take a moment to describe the two recent court decisions because of their fundamental importance to the subject we are considering today. Both cases were based upon the conclusion that chronic alcoholism is no,;-, universally accepted as an illness. In Easter v. District of Columbia, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held that because a chronic alcoholic drinks involuntarily, as a result of the disease with which he is afflicted rather than as a result of his own volition, he cannot be branded as a criminal. The Court recognized that public intoxication is only a symptom of the disease of chronic alcoholism, and ruled that common law principles preclude criminal conviction merely for exhibiting a symptom of a disease in public. In Driver v. Hinnant, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reached the same result, but on Constitutional. grounds. The Fourth Circuit held that to convict a chronic alcoholic for his public intoxication, which is merely the inherent symptom of a serious illness, would violate the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment contained in the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. �These decisions represent rare unanimity in our Federal courts. A total of 11 judges considered these t wo cases -- the f u l l ~ ~ court of 8 judges in the Easter case, and a panel of 3 judges in the Driver case. Not one judge dissented from the conclusion that an alcoholic may no longer be convicted for his public intoxication. It makes no difference whether this result is reached by the Constitutional approach used in the Driver case, or by the common law approach of the Easter case. The conclusion is the same. No longer may the age-old problem of the chronic inebriate be handled by the criminal process. A new method of handling this problem must, under these decisions, be found by our local communities. The Easter and Driver decisions are not legally binding in the courts of the State of Georgia. But it is just a matter of time before the results of those cases will become applicable here. Unlike public officials in the District of Columbia, you still have a little time to head off a real crisis before it occurs. Georgia has the choice whether to take advantage of· the time le:f't before action is fol'ced upon it, or simply to sit back and ignore the problem. I would certainly urge that immediate action be taken, that intelligent long-range plans be formulated, and that the type of chaos that has followed the Easter decision in the District of Columbia thereby be avoided. I will now turn to discuss the planning and the new procedures that should be instituted in Atlanta and the State of Georgia. IV No individual, and no single group, can possibly undertake a program to replace the present revolving door handling of indigent inebriates thr ough the courts and j ails of Georgia, by a modern program of rehabilit ation end public health faci lit i es . I t will t ake a community of effor t, among all public offi cials and all interested pr i vate groups , to make a revoluti onary pr ogr am of this kind become meaningful. I will therefore discuss the role that I believe the police , the pr osecuting attorneys, the judiciary, ahd public health personnel should play in undert aking new procedures f or handling t he chr onic court inebriat e pr oblem. In discussing this, I shall rely heavily upon t wo aut hor itat i ve reports just recently issued: t he Repor t of the Presi dent 's Commission on Crime in the District of Col'l:.mbia , rel eased ·t o t he public on January 1 of t his year, and t he Report of t he President 's Commission on Law Enfor cement and Administ rat i on of Justice , rel eased on February 19. I acted as a consult ant t o both Commissions, and I am happy to state that the Commissions and I were in virtually complete agreement on the recommendations t hat they should make with regard to the handling of public i ntoxication by local communiti es . The t wo Repor ts are, in my opinion , essential reading f or anyone inter ested in the chronic court inebriat e problem. A. Let us first examine the police handling of chronic inebr iate off enders. I n my opini on, it is not a fals e arrest for a policeman to charge an unknown inebri.at e wit h public intoxication, even a:rter the Easter and Driver decisions. The police cannot be required , at their peri l, to malte a j udgment on the street as to whether an intoxicated indivi dual is or is not a chronic alcoholic. In the case of known alcohol ics, however, thi s problem raises a far more difficult legal issue . To some , the availability of the defense of chronic alcoholism still seems more properly an issue for the courts than for the police. But to a growing number of responsible lawyers, who have watched the District of Columbia police persecute chronic inebriates by daily arrest a:f'ter the �-5Easter and Driver decisions, any police detention of a lmo·wn chronic al.coholic for his public intoxication should be condemned as illegal, as well as unconscionable. This is therefore still an unresolved l egaJ. issue. But more important, the community should not place the police in jeopardy in this way. There is no reason why the police should be burdened with the ignoI!lJ.m.ous taslc of sweeping chronic inebriates off the public streets. Last September I 1-ras called upon to assist a man who had been arrested 38 times for drunkenness in the District of Columbia just since the Ea.ster decision . When you take into consideration the amount of time he spent incarcerated in jail and in various hospitals, this amounted to 1 arrest for eveey 2 days that he appeared on the public streets. Cert a ~ , the answer to the Easter and Driver decisions is not just to arrest derelict alcoholics eveey day, duly bring them to trial, and then immediately release them onto the streets without assistance, only to repeat the process over and over again. This succeeds in speeding up the revolving door, and in the persecution and further degradation of chronic inebriates. It cannot contribute to the elimination of these abuses, as the Easter and Driver decisions demand. In my opinion, the police can and should take two immediat e steps to end the revolving door process, pending development of a broader community program which I will discuss later in this talk. First, they should assist any drunken person to his home, whenever that is possible. Second, where an individual is unable to talrn care of himself, the police should assist him to an appropriate public health facility where he can receive the necessaey medical attention. Under no circumstances should they arrest known al.coholics time and time again. The question arises, of course, whether the police may properly assume responsibility for intoxicated individual.s and escort them to an appropriate public heal.th f acility to received proper medical attention. If the inebriate does not consent, would the police incur liability f or a false arrest? ,{ I have long been of the view that the police have duties of a civil nature, When a policeman escorts a heart attack victim to the hospital, he certainly is not arresting him. Thus, in my opinion, the police have not only a right, but indeed a duty , to talce unwilling intoxicated citizens, who appear to be unable to take care of themselves, whether or not they are alcoholics, to appropriate public health facilities. Certainly, this question should be resolved immediately preferably by enactment of a state statute, in order to lay the necessary legal foundation for the proper medical handling of alcoholics. i.a addition to their responsibility fo1· enforcing the criminal l aw . I am confident of one thing about our police personnel. Once new procedures are instituted for handling the chronic court inebriate as a public health problem, the police will be only too happy to cooperate. The police have long suffered under the public's command that they daily sweep this human refuse from the streets, a task which provided no possible benefit for their unfortunate victims. They will be only too happy to see the old system replaced by procedures which will allow them to help these people back on the road to recoveey, rather than just push them further down into their sodden Skid Row environment. B. With regard to the handling of chronic alcoholics by prosecuting attorneys, it is instructive to refer to the Canons of Ethics of the American Bar Association. Canon 5 provides that "the primary duty of the lawyer engaged in public prosecution is not to convict, but to see that justice is done." �-6This does not mean, of course, that a prosecutor is obligated to defend the man that he is prosecuting. It does mean, however, that he is obligated to make certain that an innocent man is not convicted. And in the context of the Easter and Driver decisions, this means, in my judgment) that a prosecuting attorney is obligated either to drop the charges, or at the very least to inform the judge of the relevant facts , whenever he has reason to believe that a defendant may have available to him the defense of chronic alcoholism. It is then up to the judge to protect the defendant's rights. A truly responsible prosecutor, moreover, would take it upon himself to review the defendant's record prior to any court proceeding, and to make appropriate recommendations to the court on his own motion. The prosecutor is, after all, an arm of the court and a representative of the community. As such, he cannot properly remain neutral . He should therefore take affirmative steps to make recommendations for the non-criminal handling of ar.y chronic alcoholic he is assigned to prosecute. Of course , prosecutors are not qualified to diagnose alcoholism. In most instances , however, the defendant's past record will readily demonstrate a drinking problem, and will be quite sufficient to lead a prosecutor to recommend to the court that an appropriate medical examination be made. The problem, in short, is not to devise ingenious methods by which the prosecutor may responsibly exercise his public duty . Rather, the problem is to educat e prosecuting attorneys about alcoholism, and to persuade them to take time from their demanding duties to assist the alcoholics with whom they come in contact in their daily work. C. Let us now examine the judicial handling of chronic court inebriates. Once a judge becomes aware, through any information, of any kind, from any sour ce, that a defendant charged with public intoxication may have available to him t he defense of chronic alcoholism, he is , in my opinio~clearly obligated to make cer tain that the defense is adequatelf presented, Cases in the District of Columoia, involving the analogous defense of mental illness, hold that even if the defendent protests, the judge is required to inject the defense into the case on his 01-m motion, to make certain that an innocent man is not convicted. Fai lure to do so is reversible error , as an abuse of the judge's discretion. And a decision handed down by the United States Supreme Court in March of last year i s l1holly consistent u ith this position. There is no reason why these pr ecedents dealing with t he insanity defense should not be equally applicable to the defense of chronic alcohol i sm. The D.C. Crime Commission concluded that they are applicable and that they compel the t r ial judge sua sponte to protect the alcoholic defendent 's legal rights . This means, of course , incr eased r esponsibili t y f or the judiciary. Under t he Easter and Driver decisions, each t r i al judge i s obligated to take affirmative action to bring to an immedi ate end the tradit i onal "r evolving door" handling of the chronic court i nebriate in his court . No judge , in my opini on, may properly remain neutral, s imply wai t ing f or a de fendant t o r aise t he defense of alcoholism . I have already ment i oned r ecent i nformat i on which suggest that, throughout the country, approximately 90-95% of the drunkenness offenders who appear before the courts have serious drinking problems. In my judgment, this statistic in itself places upon trial judges an obligation to inquire into the possibilit y of the defense of chronic alsoholism for virtually every drunkenness offender who appears in the courts. A failure to under take this inquiry amounts, in m..v view, t o a der ogation of judicial responsibility. �-7Some will contend that, because the Easter and Driver decisions are not binding upon the courts of Georgia, it is neither permissible nor desirable for local judges to apply these decisions in their own courts, even though they may believe them to be a proper statement of law. Some trial judges believe that, until an appellate decision is handed devm in their jurisdiction, they are compelled to follow the old view of the law even though they disagree with that view. In my opinion, this is an erroneous concept of a trial judge's responsibility to the community. A trial judge has an obligation, usually stated in his oath of office, to uphold the Federal and State constitutions. That obligation is far deeper, and far more important, than the principle of stare decisis. If a trial judge is convinced that the Easter and Driver decisions are correct statements of the law, he is in my opinion obligated to implement them in his O'\lm court without waiting for an appellate court to order him to do so . A municipal court judge in California recently took it upon himself to declare the local intoxication law unconstitutional, as applied to a chronic alcoholic, and I have not heard it seriously suggestai that he overstepped his judicial authority . The second way in which local judges have avoided applying these decisions is by refusing to raise the defense of alcoholism on their own motion. It requir es lit tle imagination to realize that the average Skid Row dereli ct does not read the Federal Reports, much less the newspapers , and has absolutely no knor:1ledge whr-i.t ever about his legal rights. Even if he did understand, in some vague wa:y, ';hat he might have a defense to the charge of intoxication, he probably could not begin to understand the ramifications of raising that defense. And of course, none of these derelicts are represented by counsel. Thus , unless the t r ial judge assumes the obligat ion of protecting this man 's rights , those r i ghts never 'Hill be protected. In those areas wher e the j udges have not r aised the def ense of alcoholism on t heir own motion, it has only very s~ldom been r ais ed by t he defendant s . Joe Driver, himself, has been convi cted for public i ntoxication in Dur ham on more than one occas i on after the Fourth Circuit handed down t he decision which bears his name. I find this perversion of l aw enfor cement intolerable. Many of t he j udges who have chosen not t o follow the Easter and Driver decisions have done s o because of a s i ncer e convicti on t hat i t would be more inhumane t o t hr ow derelict alcoholics back out i nt o the st reet s, to an uncertain fate, than it would be to throw t hem into jail , where t hey will at least be cared for . I have no quarrel with the sincerity and humanit y of' these judges . But I :firmly believe t hat what passes f or humanity in the short run becomes the worst f orm o:f cruel and unusual punishment in the long run. Acquiescence in the criminal handling of alcoholics virtually precludes ever breaking out of the revolving door method of handling alcoholics i n our courts. To the extent that the judici ary and the local Bar permits t he community t o handle derelict alcoholics as criminals, the communi ty may have l ittle or no incentive to change that procedure . Edmond Burke once said that "All that is required for the triumph of evi l is that good men remain silent and do nothing." If the good men in the judiciary and t he Bar remai n silent and do nothing, the Easter and Driver decisions could go do~m i n Georgia history as a theoretically intriguing, but practically meaningless, judicial aberration. And the evil of handling alcoholics as criminals could be perpetuated in this State. �7 -8One example of what a vigorous and conscientious local court can accomplish may be seen in the activities of the District of Columbia Court of General Sessions since the Easter decision was handed down on March 31 of last year. A majority of the judges in that Court concluded that they are obligated to raise the defense of alcoholism sua sponte for virtually all of the defendants who apeear in the Drupk Court charged with public intoxication. As of March 9, 1967 , 4,382 individuals had been adjudged chronic alcoholics, and therefore can never again be convicted of public intoxication in the District of Columbia. And I would estimate that only a handful of those 4,382 individuals raised the Easter defense by themselves. In vir tually all cases, the trial judge raised the issue on his own motion and referred the defendant to a court psychiatrist for diagnosis. The response of the District of Columbia Government to the Easter decision had initially been one of disint erest and disinclination ·to act. Our Court , by making it clear that the decision would be implemented vigorously, soon forced public officials to abandon this posture of indifference. These public officials then attempted to put into operation wholly inadequate procedures 1·1hich > in effect, would have done no more than change the sign over our local Workhouse to read "Hospital" rather than "Jail." Again, our courts responded by refusing to commit any adjudicated alcoholics to this new so-called heal th facility, when testimony proved that adequate treatment fo r alcoholics was not available there . As a result, comprehensive treatment programs and moder n facilities ~.... a now coming into being. These programs and facilities could not have been r:.ade possible ,-,ere i t not for the courage and sense of community responsibility of our local judges . This was judicial integrity at i ts pinnacle. Our communit y , and judges thr oughout the country, can t ake great pride in t hese men . Some of you mi ght think that the press and the citizens ' groups in the Distri ct of Columbia would have heaped a~us e upon our judiciary f or r eleasing this tremendous number of derel i ct alcoholi cs upon the community . These derelicts certai nly did not present a pleasing s i ght to the eye, and some undoubtedly died who might have lived had t hey been s ent t o jail . But the publi c di d not blame t he j udiciary . Just the opposite was true. Our judges have been publicl y praised f or r efusing to continue t o puni sh intoxi cated alcoholi cs, i n spit e of t he community prob.1_ems thi s has raised . But the publ i c press, citizens' groups, the Bar As sod a.tion , and the Pr esident ' s Crime Commission, have severely 1..: r.1. tj c>i !7.ed the District of Columbia official s who have faile d to provide public health facilities f or derelict alcohol i cs . And I believe that the same at titude would prevail in any communit y in the United States i n which the judiciary and t he Bar similarly had the courage t o l ead the wa:y t o new, more humane procedur es fo r t he handling of its chr onic inebr iate population. D. Correctional officials should have little or no r esponsi bili ty f or t he t r eat ment of chronic alcoholics. If the prosecuting att orneys and t he judiciary adequat ely perform their funct ions , chr onic alcoholics will no longer populate our prisons , as they curr ently do . And it i s quite clear that a prison set ting is hardly t he atmospher e i n which t o att empt to persuade a chronic inebriate offender to change his ways . There will remain in our prisons , nevertheless, some who have been properly convicted of more s erious crimes , who have a drinking problem unrelated to those crimes. It would obviously be wise for public health personnel to suggest to correctional officials that some form of appropriate treatment be provided for these people while they are still in jail~ in order to head off :future alcoholism problems . �-9E. The primary responsibility for developing practicaJ. programs for helping our chronic inebriate population necessarily rests, however, with professional public health personnel: doctors, nurses, social workers, and others working in the area of alcoholic rehabilitation. A judge can find an alcoholic not guilty of a given crime with which he is charged, but he cannot develop an effective rehabilitation program, nor can he order state or federal health officie.ls to build facilities and develop ad.equate programs. A prosecutor can, similarly, only exercise his discretion to prosecute or to drop charges. And lawyers can defend chronic alcoholics charged with crime but cannot offer them the treatment necessary to prevent s:i.Jllilar court appearances dey after dey after dey. In the last analysis, therefore, we must all rely upon public health personnel to initiate changes in the present procedures. They ,;-d ll readily find that when new procedures for handling chronic inebriates are presented, the police, the courts, and local attorneys will offer their full cooperation. But the point that concerns me most, I must admit, is that up to nm-r the health professions have not greeted the Easter and Driver decisions vrith the sense of challenge and responsibility that I had hoped for. Now is the time for them to step fO!"l•r ard with imagination and dedication to present new procedures for handling inebriates, new treatment programs designed to rehabilitate alcoholics, and new legislative proposals to develop an appropriate legal structure under which these new objectives mey be properly pursued. Unless this happens in the State of Georgia, the opportunity afforded by the Edster and Driver decisions may be wasted, and the efforts that have been made to adopt an enlightened :i..egal approach toward the chronic inebriate offender may be in vain. One would hope that these new procedures will come voluntarily from the health professions. If they do not, however, then all law enforcement personnel in the State -- the police, the prosecutors, the judiciary, and the local Bar -should take every step possible to force these new programs into existence. The legal profession ha.s long assumed the du~y of a public protector of the rights and liberties of all citizens. We must be as zealous in protecting the rights of our derelict population as we are in protecting the rights of those citizens who are more fortunate in life. I have already described what we have accomplished in the District of Columbia in just one year. Comparable humane results can be obtained in Atlanta. In an article that appeared in the Atlanta Constitution on March l of this year, a representative of the Atlant a Area Community Council was reported t o be pleading for time, and to be making efforts to forestall legal action in Atianta that would push f or adoption of the Easter and Driver decisions as binding law in Georgia. I most sincerely hope that there is no deley here, and that plans for a test case move .ahead rapidly . Such a case would be a necessary catalyst to speed up the reforms that are so badly needed in Atlanta's handling of its chronic inebriates. Of course, police and lawyers are not competent to decide exactly what type of non-criminal publj_c health procedures are most likely to result in rehabilitation of chronic inebriates. But 1·re are competent, and we do have the duty, to make certain that the present criminal procedures are not continued. The public cannot be expected to respect a system of criminal justice that condemns sick people to jail because they are sick. We need drastic changes in the handling of chronic inebriates in our local courts , and the legal profession has the power and the duty to make those changes. �-10- v Because of my interest in this problem, I have discussed with a number of public health authorities the type of new procedures that might be adopted for handling chronic inebriates. I will now outline, for your consideration, my mm conclusions, and those of the two Crime Commissions appointed by the President, about appropriate new procedures • For pur:Poses of my analysis, I separate what we might refer to as the derelict, or Skid Row, or homeless inebriates, on the one hand, from the inebriates who do have homes, families, and personal resources upon which they can rely. Although the derelict inebriates represent a relatively small proportion of the total alcoholic population -- ranging from 3 to 15 per cent, depending upon the statistics on which you choose to rely -- they obviously represent the vast bulk of the chronic inebriate problem in our courts and jails. I would begin by suggesting, as I already have above, that any inebriate who has a home and family to take care of him should be escorted promptly to that home by the police, rather than arrested. Of course, if it appears to the policeman that the inebriate is in medical danger, he should either be taken directly to a medical facility or his family should be informed that medical help would appear to be required. Perhaps at. some future time, when we have completely solved the problem of handling drun:.rnn derelicts, we will be able to provide public facilities and programs also for in8briates who are not direct public charges. But at this time, when we cannot even begin to handle our drunken derelict population, I see no reason why we should also attempt to take charge of those who do have resources of their own, beyond making certain that they do get back home safely. Thus, I would concentrate ourpublic resources almost completely upon the chronic inebriate derelict. And my init ial suggestion is that the old criminal method of handling this population should be discarded and replaced by civil procedur es. This should be done, in my opinion , regardless whether all or only part of the derelict inebriates found on the streets may have available to them the defense of chronic alcoholism provided by the Easter and Driver decisions. Let us examine for a moment whether there is any valid public policy reas on why a legislatu?e should brand an intoxicated person who is causing no public disturbance as a criminal. We must f ace r eality. The public intoxication laws in the District of Columbia never have been , and never will be, enforced uniformly upon the public as a Hhole . And I doubt that the situation in Atlanta is different. Police do not pick up intoxicated party-goers emerging from elegant dinner parties or our suburban country clubs. I will not be the firs t to point out that there are as many intoxicated people on the streets of the exclusive residential areas of our cities as there are in the Skid Row areas, and you will not be surprised that very few of the prosperous drunks are arrested. Public intoxication statutes are enforced against the poor , and in particular, the homeless man. Should we as a civilized nation enact criminal. laws aimed solely at a very small, virtually defenseless, esthetically unac.c eptable segment of our population, with the intent of simply sweeping them off the street and into oblivion? In my opinion, the public intoxication statutes now on the books have no redeeming social purpose, regardless of the issue of alcoholism, and they should not be retained. Even worse, by substituting criminal sanctions for public health measures, these statutes preclude the use o£ preventive techniques to head off �-ll- incipient alcoholism problems. Disorderly conduct statutes are quite sufficient to protect the public from harm and these statutes should both be retained and fully enforced. The two Crime Commissions appointed by the President have, for these reasons, recommended that the·· present public intoxication statute be amended to require disorderly conduct in addition to drunkenness. And the President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia has explicitly recognized that the usual manifest ations of drunkenness , such as staggering, or falling dmm, or noisiness, do not constitute any threat of harm to the public, and should not be considered illegal disorderly conduct. What, then, should be done ·with derelict inebriates found intoxicated on the streets? I 1·1ould suggest a three- part program. First , an i nebriate who, in the judgment of the poli ce or authorized public health personnel, is unable to take care of himself, should be brought to a detoxification center that is staffed with public health personnel, to receive whatever medical help for his acute intoxication may be necessary. This should be a voluntary facility. The individual might be required to r emain there for some specified period of time in order to make certain that he will again be able to t ake care of himself when he leaves. But be will not have been arrested, and could not be detained f or a longer per iod against his will. Second, those inebriates who have a drinking problem will be encouraged to remain for a longer period of time in an in-patient diagnostic center, wher e a complete work-up can be prepared on his medical , social, occupational , f ami ly, and ot her personal history. In my view, this should also be a completely voluntary f acility. A genui ne offer of meani ngful ass i stance should be the only inducement used to persuade an inebriate to make use of it. And I might add that , never befor e in our hi story, has any community reached out to these unfortunate people wit h such an offer. Third, a net work of after-care facilities should be establi shed t o provide f ood, shelter,. cl othing , vocational rehabi l itation, and appropriate treatment , rather than simpl y dumping t he derelict back onto Skid Row. Perhaps t he most important aspect of this pa.rt of the program would be residential facilities, to pr ovide an enti r ely new at mosphere that will, hopefully, reverse the process of degradation that has graduall y f orced t he dereli cts d°"m to their present posit i on. As with the other facilities, these should, in my judgment, be entirely voluntary. I would like t o emphasize that a new program of this nature should not, in opinion, contain a long-term residential in-patient treatment facility of the type now used to house the mental}S' ill. I would oppose any such facility on both medical and legal grounds. my First, the public health authorities with whom I have conferred have convinced me that long-term involuntary commitment to a residentiaJ. facility makes effective treatment for alcoholism more difficult. From their viewpoint, incarceration in a health facility has the same degrading effect on the derelicts as incarceration in jail. Both rob the inebriate of any willingness to attempt to find his we;y out of his present situation in life, and make him more passively dependent upon institutionalization. Those who are currently running programs inform me that voJuntary out-patient care, when supported by residential facilities, has been highly successful. If the community will only reach out to the derelict a1coholic with adequate and appropriate help, he will respond. Once the crutch of jail is removed, derelict inebriates voluntarily ask for assistance with their problems. �-12My second reason for opposing involuntary commitment procedures is on constitutional. grounds. We can aJ.1 agree, I believe, that the derelict inebriate poses no threat of actual. harm to society. And he poses no greater threat of harm to himself than do airplane test pilots, epileptics, mountain climbers, cigarette smokers, Indianapolis Speedway drivers, and any number of people who may refuse medical. as~istance for their non-communicable illnesses. None of these people are involuntarily committed to institutions, nor could they be. I therefore see no constitutional. basis for depriving chronic alcoholics of their freedom . against their will. The type of program that I have outlined is not a Utopian dream. It has been recommended by both Presidential. Crime Commissions, And although there was some dispute among the 28 members of these two Commissions, there was no dispute whatever on these recommendations. In his February 6th message to Congress on Crime in America, President Johnson specifically singeld out these recommendations for public attention. And Congressman Elliott Hagan of Georgia has now introduced a bill in the House of Representatives, H.R. 6143, that would adopt this approach for the District of Columbia. It is, therefore, an entirely realistic and _practlcal objective, and not just an idealistic hope. Of course, a program of the type that I outline will not eliminate the problem of the chroni c inebriate. There will undoubtedly be a significant number of hard-core inebriates who will not change their ways regardless of what type of treatment program is offered voluntarily or forced involuntarily upon them. We must, therefore, forthrightly face the question of what should be done with them. Since we can no longer handle them as criminals, as a result of the Easter and Driver decisions, we are left with two choices. We can either warehouse them forever on some type of an alcoholic farm, or we can process them thr ough the type of pr ogram I have descr ibed above. In my judgment, it would be unwise to institute a warehous ing system. Those who are close to the treatment of al.coholics tell me that they are not willing ever to write ~ff the possibility of helping even the most hard- core chronic alcoholic. They cannot determine ahead of time who can be helped, or bow long it will take. In their judgment, warehousing of alcoholi cs , r egardless of bow incalcitrant they may seem, is not medically warr anted. And a. warehous i ng operation is, in my opinion, clearly indefensible f rom a constitutional. viewpoi nt. The President's Commission on Crime in the District of Col umbia squar ely faced this pr oblem, and came to the following conclusion: "For t hese unf or t unate people, humani t y demands that we stop treat ing them as crimi nals and provide volunt ary supportive services and resi dential. facilities so that they can survive i n a decent manner. " This would require, of course, a complete overhaul of the present civil commitment system in the State of Georgia. And it should, in my opinion, begin immediately. VI The alcoholism movement has too long suffered, I believe, from a. defeatist attitude. In the District of Columbia we have shown not only that the public will accept the Easter decision, but al.so that it will not tolerate a Government that refuses to help derelict alcoholics. �-13Today , in Atlanta, you are t aking a major step forward. But a conference like this one is just the beginning . What we need now are man- to-man confrontations among public officials, without fanfare or publicity, in whi ch pr actical solutions to pr essing problems are worked out on a sensible basis. If I have one message to leave with you today, I would urge you to st art the job immediately. TaJ.k Presented By Peter Barton Hutt To The Atlanta Bar Association, Atlanta, Georgia, March 16, 1967. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document March 16, 1967 RECENT COURT DECISIONS ON ALCOHOLISM: IMPLICATIONS FOR ATLANTA AND THE STATE OF GEORGIA Skid Row has long been recognized as the bilge of our communities. And the derelict inebriates who reside there represent perhaps the lowest form of humanity, For centuries, these derelict alcoholics have been virtually ignored, not only by the average citizen, but indeed by the very public officials who are charged by statute with caring for them. Instead of receiving the attention and help that they deserve and so urgently need, they have received nothing but private disdain and public condemnation. They have been herded mercilessly through our courts and jails, in every city in this country, and especially in Atlanta, in an endless and futile parade. Early last year two United States Courts of Appeals sought to put an end to this senseless parade. These courts recognized, as anyone who stops to think about it must recognize, that this was a parade as much of our nation's blind stupidity as it was of the serious affliction -- chronic alcoholism -- from which these unfortunate people are suffering. It is these legal decisions, and the ramifications that they will inevitably have upon Atlanta and the entire State of Georgia, which I will discuss today. I will be as forthright as I can be in my remarks. And I trust that you, in turn, will be forthright in your comments and criticisms of my suggestions. I It is appropriate to begin by asking whether Atlanta has a problem of this kind. After all, if you are fortunate enough to have no Skid Row, to have no derelict alcoholics, or to provide humane and, enlightened treatment for your chronic inebriate population, then we need proceed no further. The facts that have been made available to me denonstrate that Atlanta does, indeed, have a very grave problem. Both a Georgia statute and an Atlanta ordinance prohibit public intoxication. In Atlanta, there were 40,811 arrests for drunkenness during 1966, and an additional 6,494 arrests for "drunk and disorderly," making a grand total of 47,305 arrests for intoxication. And this figure would be substantially increased if arrests for other offenses closely related to intoxi- cation, such as vagrancy and loitering, were included. The recent Report of the President's Commision on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, released. to the public just last month, has singled out Atlanta and the District of Columbia as the two jurisdictions where chronic inebriate offenders are most harshly persecuted with constant arrest and conviction for public intoxication. On a per capita basis, the District of Columbia seems to have outstripped Atlanta slightly in its zeal to put these men in jail, according to the 1965 statistics used by the President's Commission. As a result of the Easter case, however, Atlanta may by now have taken over from the District of Columbia the dubious distinction of being the Nation's leading exponent of the theory that sick men should be arrested and convicted for displaying the symptoms of their illness in public. During one sample month, November 1966, approximately one-third of the persons arrested for intoxication in Atlanta paid a $15 fine before coming to court. By paying this fine, they avoided the distasteful experience of appearing wDe in Drunk Court. The remaining two-thirds apparently could not raise $15 and therefore had no choice but to be brought before the Court. I have made no study of the Atlanta drunkenness offenders, and therefore can only extrapolate from national data and rely upon local data obtained from your State officials. But a national survey conducted during the past two years has indicated that between 90% and 95% of the drunkenness offenders who are not able to pay a fine upon arrest, and who therefore are forced to appear in Drunk Court, have very serious drinking problems. As I shall describe later, these Statistics have been confirmed with a vengeance in our District of Columbia Drunk Court during the past 12 months. And I would imagine that the situation is no different in Atlanta. In a study conducted by Emory University during 1962 and 1963, it was found that 6,000 chronic alcoholics accounted for 30,000 arrests. More recently, the Emory staff has concluded that Atlanta has a population of up to 12,000 individual chronic inebriate offenders. Whether the correct figure is 6,000 or 12,000, or somewhere. between, it is readily apparent that the problem is staggering. It could be dismissed only by assuming what the President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia has described as "a callous disregard for human life." And it can be attacked only ty what that Commission has characterized as "a determination for the first time to grapple with the deep-seated disabilities of the City's derelicts." Now let us look at the kind of help given to these people by the City of Atlanta. Again, I rely upon information that has been furnished to me. It is my understanding that, as a result of the first Emory study, a comprehensive plan to attack the problem of the chronic inebriate offender in Atlanta was drawn up. Although bits and snatches have been implemented, it has basically gone unheeded. Drunken derelicts who are arrested receive no routine medical treatment, and are taken to Grady Memorial Hospital only if they exhibit a serious medical problem. Nor is medical help or rehabilitation services available at the Stockade, where they are sent after conviction. Paradoxically, Atlanta has a reputation throughout the country of progressive treatment for alcohlics. The Georgian Clinic is frequently cited for its work -- but I was distressed to learn just a few days ago that it has only 50 beds, and is expected to serve not just Atlanta, but the entire State of Georgia. The Emory University Alcohol Project has also been receiving nation-wide attention -- but, again, I was distressed to learn that its patients apparently come only from prison, not from the streets, and only for vocational rehabilitation, not for general treatment for their alcoholism. Finally, your State Legislature has enacted a statute for the rehabilitation of alcoholics. But a perusal of that statute readily demonstrates that it is far more punitive than any criminal statute could be. Upon determination that an individual is a chronic alcoholic who is in need of hospitalization, and upon agreement by the Department of Health to admit the individual as a patient, that man can be held against his will for an indeterminate length of time. There is not even a requirement that the court find that he is dangerous to the public safety, or that the Department of Health has adequate and appropriate treatment programs and facilities for him. Ant it is readily apparent that in Atlanta and the State of Georgia today, there is no adequate and appropriate treatment program or facilities for derelict alcoholics. a3 Thus, there is no question but that Atlanta and the State of Georgia do have a problem. There is good reason for all of you to come here today to consider this matter. It The problem of public drunkenness has been with us for centuries, Under early English common law, public intoxication was not considered criminal activity. Drunkenness was considered entirely proper unless it resulted in an illegal breach of the peace. Mere public intoxication was first made a criminal offense by an English statute in 1606. And, today, it remains a criminal offense, with varying penalties, in virtually every part of the United States. We need not trace, today, the history of the criminal law as it has applied to alcoholism from 1606 to the present. Suffice it to say that the early courts concluded thet, because alcoholism is a voluntarily-acquired disease, an alcoholic's drinking must be deemed to be voluntary as a matter of law. And since it is 4 well-established legal principle that an individual is responsible for all of his voluntary acts, alcoholics have been held criminally liable for their public intoxication, and any anti-social behavior it has caused, down through the years. The health professions have recognized, of course, that an alcoholic does not drink voluntarily. In 1947, the United States Congress enacted a District of Columbia statute, based upon the best available medical testimony, which explicitly recognized that an alcoholic has lost control over his drinking. In 1956, the American Medical Association officially recognized chronic alcoholism as an illness which should properly be treated by physicians. And in 1966, the courts caught up to the legislatures and to the medical profession. III I would like to take a moment to describe the two recent court decisions because of their fundamental importance to the subject we are considering today. Both cases were based upon the conclusion that chronic alcoholism is now universally accepted as an illness. In Easter v. District of Columbia, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held that because a, chronic alcoholic drinks involuntarily, as a result of the disease with which he is afflicted rather than as a result of his own volition, he cannot be branded as a criminal. The Court recognized that public intoxication is only a symptom of the disease of chronic alcoholism, and ruled that common law principles preclude criminal conviction merely for exhibiting a symptom of a disease in public. In Driver v. Hinnant, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reached the same result, but on Constitutional grounds. The Fourth Circuit held that to convict a chronic alcoholic for his public intoxication, which is merely the inherent symptom of a serious illness, would violate the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment contained in the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. “dis These decisions represent rare unanimity in our Federal courts. A total of 11 judges considered these two cases -- the full en banc court of 8 judges in the Easter case, and a panel of 3 judges in the Driver case. Not one judge dissented from the conclusion that an alcoholic may no longer be convicted for his public intoxication. It makes no difference whether this result is reached by the Constitutional approach used in the Driver case, or by the common law approach of the Easter case. The conclusion is the same. No longer may the age-old problem of the chronic inebriate be handled by the criminal process. A new method of handling this problem must, under these decisions, be found by our local communities. The Easter and Driver decisions are not legally binding in the courts of the State of Georgia. But it is just a matter of time before the results of those cases will become applicable here. Unlike public officials in the District of Columbia, you still have a little time to head off a real crisis before it occurs. Georgia has the choice whether to take advantage of the time left before action is forced upon it, or simply to sit back and ignore the problem. I would certainly urge that immediate action be taken, that intelligent long-range plans be formulated, and that the type of chaos that has followed the Easter decision in the District of Columbia thereby be avoided. I will now turn to discuss the planning and the new procedures that should be instituted in Atlanta and the State of Georgia. IV No individual, and no single group, can possibly undertake a program to replace the present revolving door handling of indigent inebriates through the courts and jails of Georgia, by a modern program of rehabilitation and public health facilities. It will take a community of effort, among all public officials and all interested private groups, to make a revolutionary program of this kind become meaningful. I will therefore discuss the role that I believe the police, the prosecuting attorneys, the judiciary, and public health personnel should play in undertaking new procedures for handling the chronic court inebriate problem. In discussing this, I shall rely heavily upon two authoritative reports just recently issued: the Report of the President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia, released to the public on January 1 of this year, and the Report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, released on February 19. I acted as a consultant to both Commissions, and I am happy to state that the Commissions and I were in virtually complete agreement on the recommendations that they should make with regard to the handling | of public intoxication by local communities. The two Reports are, in my opinion, essential reading for anyone interested in the chronic court inebriate problen. A. Let us first examine the police handling of chronic inebriate offenders. In my opinion, it is not a false arrest for a policeman to charge an unknown inebriate with public intoxication, even after the Haster and Driver decisions. The police cannot be required, at their peril, to make a judgment on the street as to whether an intoxicated individual is or is not a chronic alcoholic. In the case of known alcoholics, however, this problem raises a far more difficult legal issue. To some, the availability of the defense of chronic alcoholism still seems more properly an issue for the courts than for the police. But to a growing number of responsible lawyers, who have watched the District of Columbia police persecute chronic inebriates by daily arrest after the -5- Easter and Driver decisions, any police detention of a known chronic alcoholic for his public intoxication should be condemned as illegal, as well as unconscionable, This is therefore still an unresolved legal issue. But more important, the community should not place the police in jeopardy in this way. There is no reason why the police should be burdened with the ignominious task of sweeping chronic inebriates off the public streets. Last September I was called upon to assist a man who had been arrested 38 times for drunkenness in the District of Columbia just since the Easter decision. When you take into consideration the amount of time he spent incarcerated in jail and in various hospitals, this amounted to 1 arrest for every 2 days that he appeared on the public streets. Certainly, the answer to the Easter and Driver decisions is not just to arrest derelict alcoholics every day, duly bring them to trial, and then immediately release them onto the streets without assistance, only to repeat the process over and over again. This succeeds in speeding up the revolving door, and in the persecution and further degradation of chronic inebriates. It cannot contribute to the elimination of these abuses, as the Easter and Driver decisions demand. In my opinion, the police can and should take two immediate steps to end the revolving door process, pending development of a broader community program which I will discuss later in this talk. First, they should assist any drunken person to his home, whenever that is possible. Second, where an individual is unable to take care of himself, the police should assist him to an appropriate public health facility where he can receive the necessary medical attention. Under no circumstances should they arrest known alcoholics time and time again. The question arises, of course, whether the police may properly assume responsibility for intoxicated individuals and escort them to an appropriate public health facility to received proper medical attention. If the inebriate does not consent, would the police incur liability for a false arrest? I have long been of the view that the police have duties of a civil nature, in addition to their responsibility for enforcing the criminal law. When a policeman escorts a heart attack victim to the hospital, he certainly is not arresting him. Thus, in my opinion, the police have not only a right, but indeed a duty, to take unwilling intoxicated citizens, who appear to be unable to take care of themselves, whether or not they are alcoholics, to appropriate public health facilities. Certainly, this question should be resolved immediately preferably by enactment of a state statute, in order to lay the necessary legal foundation for the proper medical handling of alcoholics. I am confident of one thing about our police personnel. Once new procedures are instituted for handling the chronic court inebriate as a public health problem, the police will be only too happy to cooperate. The police have long suffered under the public's command that they daily sweep this human refuse from the streets, a task which provided no possible benefit for their unfortunate victims. They will be only too happy to see the old system replaced by procedures which will allow them to help these people back on the road to recovery, rather than just push them further down into their sodden Skid Row environment. B. With regard to the handling of chronic alcoholics by prosecuting attorneys, it is instructive to refer to the Canons of Ethics of the American Bar Association. Canon 5 provides that "the primary duty of the lawyer engaged in public prosecution is not to convict, but to see that justice is done." «= This does not mean, of course, that a prosecutor is obligated to defend the man that he is prosecuting. It does mean, however, that he is obligated to make certain that an innocent man is not convicted. And in the context of the Easter and Driver decisions, this means, in my judgment, that a prosecuting attorney is obligated either to drop the charges, or at the very least to inform the judge of the relevant facts, whenever he has reason to believe that a defendant may have available to him the defense of chronic alcoholism. It is then up to the judge to protect the defendant's rights. A truly responsible prosecutor, moreover, would take it upon himself to review the defendant's record prior to any court proceeding, and to make appropriate recommendations to the court on his own motion. The prosecutor is, after all, an arm of the court and a representative of the community. As such, he cannot properly remain neutral. He should therefore take affirmative steps to make recommendations for the non-criminal handling of ary chronic alcoholic he is assigned to prosecute. Of course, prosecutors are not qualified to diagnose alcoholism. In most instances, however, the defendant's past record will readily demonstrate a drinking problem, and will be quite sufficient to lead a prosecutor to recommend to the court that an appropriate medical examination be made. The problem, in short, is not to devise ingenious methods by which the prosecutor may responsibly exercise his public duty. Rather, the problem is to educate prosecuting attorneys about alcoholism, and to persuade them to take time from their demanding duties to assist the alcoholics with whom they come in contact in their daily work. C. Let us now examine the judicial handling of chronic court inebriates. Once a judge becomes aware, through any information, of any kind, from any source, that a defendant charged with public intoxication may have available to him the defense of chronic alcoholism, he is, in my opinion, clearly obligated to make certain that the defense is adequately presented. Cases in the District of Columoia, involving the analogous defense of mental illness, hold that even if the defendent protests, the judge is required to inject the defense into the case on his own motion, to make certain that an innocent man is not convicted. Failure to do so is reversible error, as an abuse of the judge's discretion. And a decision handed down by the United States Supreme Court in March of last year is wholly consistent with this position. There is no reason why these precedents dealing with the insanity defense should not be equally applicable to the defense of chronic alcoholism. The D.C, Crime Commission concluded that they are applicable and that they compel the trial judge sua sponte to protect the alcoholic defendent's legal rights. This means, of course, increased responsibility for the judiciary. Under the Easter and Driver decisions, each trial judge is obligated to take affirmative action to bring to an immediate end the traditional "revolving door" handling of the chronic court inebriate in his court. No judge, in my opinion, may properly remain neutral, simply waiting for a defendant to raise the defense of alcoholism. I have already mentioned recent information which suggest that, throughout the country, approximately 90-95% of the drunkenness offenders who appear before the courts have serious drinking problems, In my judgment, this statistic in itself places upon trial judges an obligation to inquire into the possibility of the defense of chronic alsoholism for virtually every drunkenness offender who appears in the courts. A failure to undertake this inquiry amounts, in my view, to a derogation of judicial responsibility. ay Some will contend that, because the Easter and Driver decisions are not binding upon the courts of Georgie, it is neither permissible nor desirable for local judges to apply these decisions in their own courts, even though they may believe them to be a proper statement of law. Some trial judges believe that, until an appellate decision is handed down in their jurisdiction, they are compelled to follow the old view of the law even though they disagree with that view. In my opinion, this is an erroneous concept of a trial judge's responsibility to the community. A trial judge has an obligation, usually stated in his oath of office, to uphold the Federal and State constitutions. That obligation is far deeper, and far more important, than the principle of stare decisis. If a trial judge is convinced that the Easter and Driver decisions are correct statements of the law, he is in my opinion obligated to implement them in his own court without waiting for an appellate court to order him to do so. A municipal court judge in California recently took it upon himself to declare the local intoxication law unconstitutional, as applied to a chronic alcoholic, and I have not heard it seriously suggested that he overstepped his judicial authority. The second way in which local judges have avoided applying these decisions is by refusing to raise the defense of alcoholism on their own motion. It requires little imagination to realize that the average Skid Row derelict does not read the Federal Reports, much less the newspapers, and has absolutely no knowledge whetever about his legal rights. Even if he did understand, in some vague way, “hat he might have a defense to the charge of intoxication, he probably could not begin to understand the ramifications of raising that defense. And of course, none of these derelicts are represented by counsel. Thus, unless the trial judge assumes the obligation of protecting this man's rights, those rights never twill be protected. In those areas where the judges have not raised the defense of alcoholism on their own motion, it has only very séldom been raised by the defendants. Joe Driver, himself, has been convicted for public intoxication in Durham on more than one occasion after the Fourth Circuit handed down the decision which bears his name. I find this perversion of law enforcement intolerable. Many of the judges who have chosen not to follow the Easter and Driver decisions have done so because of a sincere conviction that it would be more inhumane to throw derelict alcoholics back out into the streets, to an uncertain fate, than it would be to throw them into jail, where they will at least be cared for. I have no quarrel with the sincerity and humanity of these judges. But I firmly believe that what passes for humanity in the short run becomes the worst form of cruel. and unusual punishment in the long run. Acquiescence in the criminal handling of alcoholics virtually precludes ever breaking out of the revolving door method of handling alcoholics in our courts. To the extent that the judiciary and the local Bar permits the community to handle derelict alcoholics as criminals, the community may have little or no incentive to change that procedure, Edmond Burke once said that "All that is required for the triumph of evil is that good men remain silent and do nothing." If the good men in the judiciary and the Bar remain silent and do nothing, the Easter and Driver decisions could go down in Georgia history as a theoretically intriguing, but practically meaningless, judicial aberration. And the evil of handling alcoholics as criminals could be perpetuated in this State. -8- One example of what a vigorous and conscientious local court can accomplish may be seen in the activities of the District of Columbia Court of General Sessions since the Easter decision was handed down on March 31 of last year. A majority of the judges in that Court concluded that they are obligated to raise the defense of alcoholism sua sponte for virtually all of the defendants who apeear in the Drunk Court charged with public intoxication. As of March 9, 1967, 4,382 individuals had been adjudged chronic alcoholics, and therefore can never again be convicted of public intoxication in the District of Columbia. And I would estimate that only a handful of those 4,382 individuals raised the Easter defense by themselves. In virtually all cases, the trial judge raised the issue on his own motion and referred the defendant to a court psychiatrist for diagnosis. The response of the District of Columbia Government to the Easter decision had initially been one of disinterest and disinclination to act. Our Court, by making it clear that the decision would be implemented vigorously, soon forced public officials to abandon this posture of indifference. These public officials then attempted to put into operation wholly inadequate procedures which, in effect, would have done no more than change the sign over our local Workhouse to read "Hospital" rather than "Jail." Again, our courts responded by refusing to commit any adjudicated alcoholics to this new so-called health facility, when testimony proved that adequate treatment for alcoholics was not available there. As a result, comprehensive treatment programs and modern facilities ue now coming into being. These programs and facilities could not have been rade possible were it not for the courage and sense of community responsibility of our local judges. This was judicial integrity at its pinnacle. Our community, and judges throughout the country, can take great pride in these men. Some of you might think that the press and the citizens' groups in the District of Columbia would have heaped abuse upon our judiciary for releasing this tremendous number of derelict alcoholics upon the community. These derelicts certainly did not present a pleasing sight to the eye, and some undoubtedly died who might have lived had they been sent to jail. But the public did not blame the judiciary. Just the opposite was true. Our judges have been publicly praised for refusing to continue to punish intoxicated alcoholics, in spite of the community problems this has raised. But the public press, citizens' groups, the Bar Association, and the President's Crime Commission, have severely criticized the District of Columbia officials who have failed to provide public health facilities for derelict alcoholics. And I believe that the same attitude would prevail in any community in the United States in which the judiciary and the Bar similarly had the courage to lead the way to new, more humane procedures for the handling of its chronic inebriate population. D. Correctional officials should have little or no responsibility for the treatment of chronic alcoholics. If the prosecuting attorneys and the judiciary adequately perform their functions, chronic alcoholics will no longer populate our prisons, as they currently do. And it is quite clear that a prison setting is hardly the atmosphere in which to attempt to persuade a chronic inebriate offender to change his ways. There will remain in our prisons, nevertheless, some who have been properly convicted of more serious crimes, who have a drinking problem unrelated to those crimes. It would obviously be wise for public health personnel to suggest to correctional officials that some form of appropriate treatment be provided for these people while they are still in jail, in order to head off future alcoholism problems. ie E. The primary responsibility for developing practical programs for helping our chronic inebriate population necessarily rests, however, with professional public health personnel: doctors, nurses, social workers, and others working in the area of alcoholic rehabilitation. A judge can find an alcoholic not guilty of e given crime with which he is charged, but he cannot develop an effective rehabilitation program, nor can he order state or federal health officials to build facilities and develop adequate programs. <A prosecutor can, similarly, only exercise his discretion to prosecute or to drop charges. And lawyers can defend chronic alcoholics charged with crime but cannot offer them the treatment necessary to prevent similar court appearances day after day after day. In the last analysis, therefore, we must all rely upon public health personnel to initiate changes in the present procedures. They will readily find that when new procedures for handling chronic inebriates are presented, the police, the courts, and local attorneys will offer their full cooperation. But the point that concerns me most, I must admit, is that up to now the health professions have not greeted the Easter and Driver decisions with the sense of challenge and responsibility that I had hoped for. Now is the time for them to step forward with imagination and dedication to present new procedures for handling inebriates, new treatment programs designed to rehabilitate alcoholics, and new legislative proposals to develop an appropriate legal structure under which these new objectives may be properly pursued. Unless this happens in the State of Georgia, the opportunity afforded by the Easter and Driver decisions may be wasted, and the efforts that have been made to adopt an enlightened iegal approach toward the chronic inebriate offender may be in vain. One would hope that these new procedures will come voluntarily from the health professions. If they do not, however, then all law enforcement personnel in the State -- the police, the prosecutors, the judiciary, and the local Bar -- should take every step possible to force these new programs into existence. The legal profession has long assumed the duty of a public protector of the rights and liberties of all citizens. We must be as zealous in protecting the rights of our derelict population as we are in protecting the rights of those citizens who are more fortunate in life. I have already described what we have accomplished in the District of Columbia in just one year. Comparable humane results can be obtained in Atlanta. In an article that appeared in the Atlanta Constitution on March 1 of this year, a representative of the Atlanta Area Community Council was reported to be pleading for time, and to be making efforts to forestall legal action in Atlanta that would push for adoption of the Easter and Driver decisions as binding law in Georgia. I most sincerely hope that there is no delay here, and that plans for a test case move ahead rapidly. Such a case would be a necessary catalyst to speed up the reforms that are so badly needed in Atlanta's handling of its chronic inebriates. Of course, police and lawyers are not competent to decide exactly what type of non-criminal public health procedures are most likely to result in rehabilitation of chronic inebriates., But we are competent, and we do have the duty, to make certain that the present criminal procedures are not continued. The public cannot be expected to respect a system of criminal justice that condemns sick people to jail because they are sick. We need drastic changes in the handling of chronic inebriates in our local courts, and the legal profession has the power and the duty to make those changes. lie V Because of my interest in this problem, I have discussed with a number of public health authorities the type of new procedures that might be adopted for handling chronic inebriates. I will now outline, for your consideration, my own conclusions, and those of the two Crime Commissions appointed by the President, about appropriate new procedures. For purposes of my analysis, I separate what we might refer to as the derelict, or Skid Row, or homeless inebriates, on the one hand, from the inebriates who do have homes, families, and personal resources upon which they can rely. Although the derelict inebriates represent a relatively small proportion of the total alcoholic population -- ranging from 3 to 15 per cent, depending upon the statistics on which you choose to rely -- they obviously represent the vast bulk of the chronic inebriate problem in our courts and jails. I would begin by suggesting, as I already have above, that any inebriate who has a home and family to take care of him should be escorted promptly to that home by the police, rather than arrested. Of course, if it appears to the policeman that the inebriate is in medical danger, he should either be taken directly to a medical facility or his family should be informed that medical help would appear to be required. Perhaps at some future time, when we have completely solved the problem of handling drunken derelicts, we will be able to provide public facilities and programs also for incbriates who are not direct public charges. But at this time, when we cannot even begin to handle our drunken derelict population, I see no reason why we should also attempt to take charge of those who do have resources of their own, beyond making certain that they do get back home safely. Thus, I would concentrate ourpublic resources almost completely upon the chronic inebriate derelict. And my initial suggestion is that the old criminal method of handling this population should be discarded and replaced by civil procedures. This should be done, in my opinion, regardless whether all or only part of the derelict inebriates found on the streets may have available to them the defense of chronic alcoholism provided by the Easter and Driver decisions, Let us examine for a moment whether there is any valid public policy reason why a legislature should brand an intoxicated person who is causing no public disturbance as a criminal. We must face reality. The public intoxication laws in the District of Columbia never have been, and never will be, enforced uniformly upon the public as a whole. And I doubt that the situation in Atlanta is different. Police do not pick up intoxicated party-goers emerging from elegant dinner parties or our suburban country clubs. I will not be the first to point out that there are aS many intoxicated people on the streets of the exclusive residential areas of our cities as there are in the Skid Row areas, and you will not be surprised that very few of the prosperous drunks are arrested. Public intoxication statutes are enforced against the poor, and in particular, the homeless man. Should we as a civilized nation enact criminal laws aimed solely at a very small, virtually defenseless, esthetically unacceptable segment of our population, with the intent of simply sweeping them off the street and into oblivion? In my opinion, the public intoxication statutes now on the books have no redeeming social purpose, regardless of the issue of alcoholism, and they should not be retained. Even worse, by substituting criminal sanctions for public health measures, these statutes preclude the use of preventive techniques to head off Bake incipient alcoholism problems. Disorderly conduct statutes are quite sufficient to protect the public from harm and these statutes should both be retained and fully enforced. The two Crime Commissions appointed by the President have, for these reasons, recommended that the present public intoxication statute be amended to require disorderly conduct in addition to drunkenness. And the President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia has explicitly recognized that the usual mani- festations of drunkenness, such as staggering, or falling down, or noisiness, do not constitute any threat of harm to the public, and should not be considered illegal disorderly conduct. What, then, should be done with derelict inebriates found intoxicated on the streets? I would suggest a three-part program. First, an inebriate who, in the judgment of the police or authorized public health personnel, is unable to take care of himself, should be brought to a detoxification center that is staffed with public health personnel, to receive whatever medical help for his acute intoxication may be necessary. This should be a voluntary facility. The individual might be required to remain there for some specified period of time in order to make certain that he will again be able to take care of himself when he leaves. But he will not have been arrested, and could not be detained for a longer period against his will. Second, those inebriates who have a drinking problem will be encouraged to remain for a longer period of time in an in-patient diagnostic center, where a complete work-up can be prepared on his medical, social, occupational, family, and other personal history. In my view, this should also be a completely voluntary facility. A genuine offer of meaningful assistance should be the only inducement used to persuade an inebriate to make use of it. And I might add that, never before in our history, has any community reached out to these unfortunate people with such an offer. Third, a network of after-care facilities should be established to provide food, shelter, clothing, vocational rehabilitation, and appropriate treatment, rather than simply dumping the derelict back onto Skid Row. Perhaps the most important aspect of this part of the program would be residential facilities, to provide an entirely new atmosphere that will, hopefully, reverse the process of degradation that has gradually forced the derelicts down to their present position. As with the other facilities, these should, in my judgment, be entirely voluntary. I would like to emphasize that a new program of this nature should not, in my opinion, contain a long-term residential in-patient treatment facility of the type now used to house the mentally ill. I would oppose any such facility on both medical and legal grounds. First, the public health authorities with whom I have conferred have convinced me that long-term involuntary commitment to a residential facility makes effective treatment for alcoholism more difficult. From their viewpoint, incarceration in a health facility has the same degrading effect on the derelicts as incarceration in jail. Both rob the inebriate of any willingness to attempt to find his way out of his present situation in life, and make him more passively dependent upon institutionalization. Those who are currently running programs inform me that voJuntary out-patient care, when supported by residential facilities, has been highly successful. If the community will only reach out to the derelict alcoholic with adequate and appropriate help, he will respond. Once the crutch of jail is removed, derelict inebriates voluntarily ask for assistence with their problems. «12. My second reason for opposing involuntary commitment procedures is on constitutional grounds. We can all agree, I believe, that the derelict inebriate poses no threat of actual harm to society. And he poses no greater threat of harm to himself than do airplane test pilots, epileptics, mountain climbers, cigarette smokers, Indianapolis Speedway drivers, and any number of people who may refuse medical assistance for their non-communicable illnesses. None of these people are involuntarily committed to institutions, nor could they be. I therefore see no constitutional basis for depriving chronic alcoholics of their freedom. against their will. The type of program that I have outlined is not a Utopian dream. It has been recommended by both Presidential Crime Commissions, And although there was some dispute among the 28 members of these two Commissions, there was no dispute whatever on these recommendations. In his February 6th message to Congress on Crime in America, President Johnson specifically singeld out these recommendations for public attention. And Congressman Elliott Hagan of Georgia has now introduced a bill in the House of Representatives, H.R. 6143, that would adopt this approach for the District of Columbia. It is, therefore, an entirely realistic and practical objective, and not just an idealistic hope. Of course, a program of the type that I outline will not eliminate the problem of the chronic inebriate. There will undoubtedly be a significant number of hard-core inebriates who will not change their ways regardless of what type of treatment program is offered voluntarily or forced involuntarily upon them. We must, therefore, forthrightly face the question of what should be done with them. Since we can no longer handle them as criminals, as a result of the Easter and Driver decisions, we are left with two choices. We can either warehouse them forever on some type of an alcoholic farm, or we can process them through the type of program I have described above. In my judgment, it would be unwise to institute a warehousing system. Those who are close to the treatment of alcoholics tell me that they are not willing ever to write off the possibility of helping even the most hard-core chronic alcoholic. They cannot determine ahead of time who can be helped, or how long it will take. In their judgment, warehousing of alcoholics, regardless of how incalcitrant they may seem, is not medically warranted. And a warehousing operation is, in my opinion, clearly indefensible from a constitutional viewpoint. ; The President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia squarely faced this problem, and came to the following conclusion: "For these unfortunate people, humanity demands that we stop treating them as criminals and provide voluntary supportive services and residential facilities so that they can survive in a decent manner." This would require, of course, a complete overhaul of the present civil commitment system in the State of Georgia. And it should, in my opinion, begin immediately. VI The alcoholism movement has too long suffered, I believe, from a defeatist attitude. In the District of Columbia we have shown not only that the public will accept the Easter decision, but also that it will not tolerate a Government that refuses to help derelict alcoholics. 2138 Today, in Atlanta, you are taking a major step forward. But a conference like this one is just the beginning. What we need now are man-to-man confrontations among public officials, without fanfare or publicity, in which practical solutions to pressing problems are worked out on a sensible basis. If I have one message to leave with you today, I would urge you to start the job immediately. Talk Presented By Peter Barton Hutt To The Atlanta Bar Association, Atlanta, Georgia, March 16, 1967.  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 15 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/dbb7850740e2aeb45fc4b3c28fc44d0f.pdf 006991d1a30f8f8b8512e686249991f4 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. C C A A Cl,uirman of the Board of Dirt•cton hce Chairman MRS RHODES L. PERD U E, Secrewry w. L. CALLOWAY, A.,.\OC!Gtt• Se,reran• A B PADGETT, Treasurt'r JAMES P . FURNISS om unity ouncil o:f he tlanta rea inc. CECIL ALEXANDER. DUANE w. ONE THOUSAND GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA ST., N. W. BECK . Exe,111i1e Direc/or ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 TELEPHONE 577-2250 INVITATION LIST FOR MEETING ON THE CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC COURT OFFENDER Co-sponsored by Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. Metropolitan Atlanta Crime Commission Tuesday, April 18 3:00 P.M. Conference Room, Trust Company of Georgia 1. Dr. John Venable, Director State Board of Health 47 Trinity Avenue, S. W. Atlanta, Georgia 2, Dr. P. K. Dixon, Chairman State Board of Health Gainesville, Georgia 3. Dr. Addison Duval, Director Division of Mental Health Department of Public Health 47 Trinity Avenue S. w. Atlanta, Georgia 4. J . William Pinkston, Executive Director Grady Memorial Hospital 80 Butler Street, S. E. Atlanta, Georgia 5. Mr. Edgar J. Forio, Chairman Fulton - DeKalb Hospital Authority P. 0 . Drawer 1734 Atlanta, Georgia 6. Dr. John Hackney, Commissioner of Health Fulton County Health Department 99 Butler Street, S. E. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 - �-2- 7. Mr. P. D. Ellis, Chairman Fulton County Health Department 3230 Peachtree Road, N. E. Atlanta, Georgia 30305 8. Dr. T. O. Vinson, Director DeKalb County Health Depar tment 126 Trinity Place West Decatur, Georgia 9. Dr. John R. Evans, Chairman DeKalb County Board of Health Stone Mountain, Georgia 10. Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. City of Atlanta 204 City Hall Atlanta, Georgia 11. Ri chard C. Freeman, Chairman Police Committee Board of Aldermen, City of Atlanta 1116 First National Bank Building Atlanta, Georgia 12 . John M. Flanigan, Chairman Prison Committee Board of Aldermen, City of Atlanta 245 Third Avenue, s. E. Atlanta, Georgia 13 . He nry L. Bowden, City Attorney Wi lliam Oli ver Building Atlanta, Georgia 14. Judge Robert E . Jones 165 Decatur Street, S. E. At lant a, Geor gi a 15. J udge E.T. Brock 165 Decat ur Street, S . E. Atlanta , Geor gi a 16, Judge T. C. Little 165 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia s. E. Judge Robert Sparks 165 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia s. E. [ 17. 18 . Police Chief Herbert T. Jenkins 165 Decatur Street, s. E, Atlanta, Georgia �-3- 19. James H. Aldredge, Chairman Commission of Roads & Revenues, Fulton County Fulton County Administration Building 165 Central Avenue, S.W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 20. Charles Brown, Fulton County Commissioner Fulton County Administration Building 165 Central Avenue, s.w. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 21. Walter M. Mitchell, Fulton County Commissioner Fulton County Administration Building 165 Central Avenue, S.W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 22. Harold Shea ts, County Attorney Fu l ton County Court House Atlanta, Georgia 30303 23. James P. Furniss, Chairman Board of Directors Community Council of the Atlanta Area, I nc. C & S Nationa l Bank Atlanta, Ge or gia 30303 24. Brince Manning, Chairman Board of Commissioners, DeKalb County DeKalb Building Decatu r , Geo rgi a 30030 25. Geor ge Hearn, Assistant At t orney Genera l St a te of Georg ia r J udi cial Bu ilding At l a n ta , Ge o rgia 30303 . 26. Paul Cadenhead, Chairma n Community Council Advisory Commit t ee on Alcoholism 2434 Bank of Geo rg ia Building Atlant a , Geo rgia 30303 27. Eugene Branch , Chairman , Permanent Conference, CCAA, Inc, 401 Haas-Howell Building Atlanta, Georgia 30303 28. Charles Methvin, Di rector State Alcoholic Rehabilitation Unit 1260 Briarcliff Road, N.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30306 29. Jack Watson King & Spalding Trust Company of Georgia Building Atlanta, Georgia 30303 �-4 30. Captain Ralph Hulsey City Prison Farm 561 Key Road, S.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30316 31. Dr. James A. Alford Alcohol Rehabilitation Project 41 Exchange Place, S.E. Atlanta, Ga. 30303 32. Mrs. Marian Glustrom, Planning Associate Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. 1000 Glenn Building Atlanta, Ga. 30303 33. Duane w. Beck, Executive Director Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. 1000 Glenn Building Atlanta, Ga. 30303 34. James L. McGovern, Executive Director Metropolitan Atlanta Commission on Crime & Juvenile Delinquency 52 Fairlie Street, N.W. Atlanta, Ga. 30303 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document PPaNa #20 MARIETTA ST... N. W. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 INVITATION LIST FOR MEETING ON THE CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC COURT OFFENDER Co-sponsored by Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. Metropolitan Atlanta Crime Commission Tuesday, April 18 3:00 P.M. Conference Room, Trust Company of Georgia Dr. John Venable, Director State Board of Health 47 Trinity Avenue, S. W. Atlanta, Georgia Dr. P. K. Dixon, Chairman State Board of Health Gainesville, Georgia Dr. Addison Duval, Director Division of Mental Health Department of Public Health 47 Trinity Avenue S. W. Atlanta, Georgia J. William Pinkston, Executive Director Grady Memorial Hospital 80 Butler Street, S. E. Atlanta, Georgia Mr. Edgar J. Forio, Chairman Fulton - DeKalb Hospital Authority P. QO. Drawer 1734 Atlanta, Georgia Dr. John Hackney, Commissioner of Health Fulton County Health Department 99 Butler Street, S. E. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 10. ll. 12. 13, 14, 15, 16. Le. 18, Mr. P. D. Ellis, Chairman Fulton County Health Department 3230 Peachtree Road, N, E. Atlanta, Georgia 30305 Dr. T, O. Vinson, Director DeKalb County Health Department 126 Trinity Place West Decatur, Georgia Dr. John R. Evans, Chairman DeKalb County Board of Health Stone Mountain, Georgia Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. City of Atlanta 204 City Hall Atlanta, Georgia Richard C, Freeman, Chairman Police Committee Board of Aldermen, City of Atlanta 1116 First National Bank Building Atlanta, Georgia John M, Flanigan, Chairman Prison Committee Board of Aldermen, City of Atlanta 245 Third Avenue, S. E. Atlanta, Georgia Henry L. Bowden, City Attorney William Oliver Building Atlanta, Georgia Judge Robert E. Jones 165 Decatur Street, S. E. Atlanta, Georgia Judge E, T. Brock 165 Decatur Street, S. E. Atlanta, Georgia Judge T. C, Little 165 Decatur Street, S. E, Atlanta, Georgia Judge Robert Sparks 165 Decatur Street, S. E. Atlanta, Georgia Police Chief Herbert T. Jenkins 165 Decatur Street, S. E,. Atlanta, Georgia 19, 20. ZT 6 22. aos 24, 25. 26. 2s 28. 29. ~3e James H. Aldredge, Chairman Commission of Roads & Revenues, Fulton County Fulton County Administration Building 165 Central Avenue, S.W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Charles Brown, Fulton County Commissioner Fulton County Administration Building 165 Central Avenue, S.W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Walter M. Mitchell, Fulton County Commissioner Fulton County Administration Building 165 Central Avenue, 5S.W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Harold Sheats, County Attorney Fulton County Court House Atlanta, Georgia 30303 James P, Furniss, Chairman Board of Directors Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. C & S National Bank Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Brince Manning, Chairman Board of Commissioners, DeKalb County DeKalb Building Decatur, Georgia 30030 George Hearn, Assistant Attorney General State of Georgia é Judicial Building Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Paul Cadenhead, Chairman Community Council Advisory Committee.on Alcoholism 2434 Bank of Georgia Building Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Eugene Branch, Chairman, Permanent Conference, CCAA, Inc. 401 Haas-Howell Building Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Charles Methvin, Director State Alcoholic Rehabilitation Unit 1260 Briarcliff Road, N.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30306 Jack Watson King & Spalding Trust Company of Georgia Building Atlanta, Georgia 30303 30, al. 32. 33, 34, Captain Ralph Hulsey City Prison Farm 561 Key Road, S.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30316 Dr. James A, Alford Alcohol Rehabilitation Project 41 Exchange Place, S.E. Atlanta, Ga, 30303 Mrs. Marian Glustrom, Planning Associate Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc, 1000 Glenn Building Atlanta, Ga. 30303 Duane W. Beck, Executive Director Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc, 1000 Glenn Building Atlanta, Ga, 30303 James L. McGovern, Executive Director Metropolitan Atlanta Commission on Crime & Juvenile Delinquency 52 Fairlie Street, N.W. Atlanta, Ga, 30303  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 14 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/abd1a6729745288df362101c47c68164.pdf 59c8264655730a28067914705c7136bb Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. "IMPACT OF THE EASTER DECISION ON THE DISTRICT OF COWMBIA" by Richard J . Tatham (D.C . Department of Public Health) This is Richard J . Tatham, Chief of the Office of Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Program Development, for the District of Columbia Department of Health. I've been asked to relate to you some of our recent experiences in the District of Columbia which have resulted from a U. S. Court of Appeals decision last March 31, 1966, in the case of DeWitt Easter vs the Court of Columbia. As many of you know, the result of this court decision was a reversal of court decisions which found DeWitt Easter to be guilty of the crime of intoxication, in spite of the fact that he had clearly established that he was a chronic alcoholic . This decision was appealed to the US . Court of Appeals and it was found that alcoholism is an illness and that it would constitute cruel and unusual punishment for a sick person to be convicted and punished for exhibiting a symptom of his illness in public, and it was further established that the essential comm.on law element of criminal intent is lacking when an alcoholic becomes intoxicated. As a result of this case, the Court of General Sessions began utilizing the Alcoholic Rehabilitation Act of 1947, which authorized that court, in the District of Columbia, to suspend criminal. hearings whenever a defendant was suspected of having an alcoholism. problem and to commit that person to the Department of Public Health for diagnosis, classification, and treatment. The 47th Statute had been used on the average of 100 times each year between the years 1950 and 1963, and was , therefore, nothing new to the court or to the Health Department . However, in more recent years its use was discontinued as the court began to develop its own probation program for alcoholic offenders . Last year the U. S. Court of Appeals strongly urged the District of Columbia to use its 47th Statute once again and as a result of t his admoniti on some 3500 indi viduals have been adjudi cat ed under the 47th Statute to be chronic alcoholics and the majority of these have been committed to the Health Department for t r eatment . At the time of the Easter Decision , the D.C. Health Department operated t hree alcoholism t reatment facil i t i e s; namely, an outpatient clinic , known as the Alcoholic Rehabilitati on Cl i nic ; a hospi t al unit for intensi ve medical care at the D.C. General Hospital; and, a brand new comprehensive i n-patient, out-patient uni t at our Area C Mental Heal.th Center. However, the l atter faci l i ty was only in i t s begi nning phases with a skeleton staf f and was not really able to participate appreciably to handle a court alcoholic pr oblem. Likewise , the in-pat ient f acility at D.C . Gener al Hospit aj concentrat ed on t he shor t -t erm i ntensive treat ment f or del irium t remens, hallucinosis, and ot her serious complicat i ons of alcoholism, and so ver y few of the court- committed alcoholics were eligi ble f or t his service. The only remaini ng t reatment facility i s our out-patient clinic. Now in the month immediat ely following t he East er Deci sion , only s i x patient s were commi tted to t he Health Department. In the month of May, the number jumped up t o 100 and by June, 300 new patients were committed to us . By this t ime, patients were being t r ansported from the court t o t he out -pati ent cl i nic by the busl oad with as many as 50 or more arriving at a time. The out-patient clinic had no choice but to accept these in spite of the fact that the clinic was not designed t o accommodate the needs of the patients we were receiving. Utter chaos followed. All attempts to utilize existing Health Department resources resulted only in the addition of a few parttime people on an over-time basis in order that the clinic could operate evenings and Saturdays. Now, nine months after the Easter Decision, the same situation prevaiis ~Tith one exception - we now have an additional facility - a 425-bed, extended-care rehabilitation center located just outside the District of Columbia in Occoquan, Virginia. This facility opened November 14, 1966, and was filled to �-2- capacity in less than six weeks, so once again the Health Department is unable to accommodate all the patients who require in-patient treatment and these patients are once again going to our out-patient clinic. A recent article in the Washington Post indicated that the Director of this outpatient clinic is threatening to leave the Health Department unless the situation is alleviated somehow . The patients are still coming to clinic in droves. While they are there, they have entered into fights with other patients, members of the clinic staff have been assaulted, patients have urinated and expectorated in the clinic and this has created a situation which threatens the entire survival of a treatment program that has been in existence since 1949 . .. The solution of this problem is not a simple one. One mlght believe that the Health Department had not anticipated the reversal in the Easter Case; however, this is not true. Well in advance of the Easter Decision, the Health Department, along with representatives from Vocational Rehabilitation, Correction, Administration, and Welfare Departments prepared an ad hoc report dealing with the possible impact of an Easter Decision, This report clearly pointed out same of the problems which might arise and also outlined certain new services and facilities which might be needed. However, no action was taken by our Board of Commissioners. The reason for this included the fact that the Commissioners had no assurance that the Easter Case would be reversed and even if it would be reversed they had no assurance that the impact would be great. For example, even though the Easter Case would be reversed, the judges in our local courts might insist that the question of alcoholism would have to be introduced by the defendant himself and many alcoholics appearing in court, of course, would choose not to introduce the problem of alcoholism. By avoiding the question of alcoholism they could return to their workhouse where they have been long-time residents - they lmew that they would serve an average of 21 days and the9 could be released without any pa.role or any other obligations . However, if they should bring up the question of alcoholism, they might very well be committed to the Health Department for 90 days with a possibility that a second 90-day committment would follow. With this in mind, there was much speculation that the courts would not use the Easter Decision as a base of future action in very many cases. In addition to this, the problem was complicated by the fact that the corporation counsel, lmown in other cities as a prosecuting attorney, felt very strongly that according to the definition of our 1947 Statute, there could not possibly be more than 20 or 30 chronic alcoholics in the entire District of Columbia. Activities since then have proven quite the contrary. The pr oblem has become so great that it was necessary to set up a court-coordination program and patient control system in order to just keep track of the ~ultitude of patients being committed to us by the court. The situation became so bad that the Health Department was instructed that it must cut off all voluntary patient admissions at its treatment facilities in order to make room for the court-co!filllitted patients. In evaluating the problems that have occurred since the Easter Decision, the Department has consistently fallen back on its basic comprehensive community mental health plan, which points out the needs for various facilities ranging f'rom the extended care rehabilitation center we now operate to mental health center alcoholism units providing both in-patient and out-patient treatment to detoxification centers to residential facilities such as hostels and half-way houses. The big problem, obviously, is the magnitude of the program which we have proposed and the fact that one or two components of the program still do not alleviate the problem of handling court-committed patients. Until a. complete �-3system is available and operating which can provide all of the services needed by this particular patient population, there will be chaos in treating the chronic court offender. If we do not have community based residential facilities, then we will either have to expand our in-patient hospital at Occoquan, Virginia., or we will have to substitute out-patient treatment with all its inadequacies for this homeless pat'ient group. The District of Columbia is presently spending approximately $3,000,000 per year on the alcoholic patients seen by the Health Department. Of this figure, approximately $1,000,000 a year is expended on the care of alcoholics having psychosis who are admitted to St . Elizabeths Hospital and paid for by the Health Department on a contract basis. The other $2,000,000 accounts for our present services at the rehabilitation center, at the Area C alcoholism unit and at our out-patient clinic. Also, the figure includes the cost of providing our court coordination and patient control system, a small alcoholism TB Program at Glendale Hospital, and our new demonstration detoxification unit. As we are busily trying to expand our services to accommodate the needs of the court-committed patients, we are faced with a new problem which has come to light within the past few weeks in Washington. Our information indicates that two new bills are to be introduced to Congress this session. One by the administration, a second by Congressman Hagan from Georgia. Each bill would introduce a new concept in law enforcement as each would remove intoxication from the criminal code entirely. This would mean that if either of these bills wa.s passed, an individual could not be arrested for being intoxicated only in the District of Columbia. It would mean that if an intoxicated person is helpless, has no place to go, he could be escorted by a police or Health Department official to a health facility for detoxification. He would be kept in such a detoxification faciltiy until his blood alcohol content returned to the legal limits of sobriety and then could be continued in treatment for alcoholism as a voluntary patient or released outright. This would mean that our att~ntion to the problems of getting sufficient hospital care resources for court-committed alcoholics would shift almost immediately to the problem of obtaining sufficient in-patient detoxification resources within the community itself. I think this is an excellent example of bow dynamic the field of alcoholism bas become as a public health problem and indicates the importance of planning coupled with flexibility; and, above all, it impresses with the importance of the ma,enitude of the problem. Most communities have never accepted the f'ull impact of the statement that alcoholism is the nations third or fourth public health problem. We have mouthed this saying without real izing the financial impact that it carries . As I said earlier , our community is eX]?endir-g approximately $3,000,000 a year on alcoholics. Now I'm talking about the Health Departments budget - I'm not adding to this figure what the Police Department, what the courts, what the Department of Corrections , and other departments are allocating to the care of alcoholics - just the Health Department. This $3,000,000 figure, in our estimation, will probably have to be doubled to a $6,000,000 annue.l. figure just to take care of the immediate emergency problems arising from the Easter Decision and the possible new legislation which would remove intoxication frcm the criminal code. Now, in creating these new services, of course we would hope any new program would be considered an additional resource for voluntary patients also; but, it's interesting to note that our 1947 Statute and the Easter Decision and the possible new statutes removing intoxication from the criminal code, all focus on the alcoholic who is a. law offender and quite often the most important patient in this group is the chronic drunkenness offender with fifty or more previous arrests for drunkenness. This means that today, alcoholism, even though a public health problem, is reaching the public's attention through the judicial activities of the community and of the nation; that a complete �-4revision of some rather well established principles is being questioned; and that new approaches are being encouraged; and that these new approaches will require new funds of considerable magnitude unless the community is satisfied that the treatment of the chronic alcoholic offender should consist of removing him from the streets only - and I think this is a very real problem that we face in firmly maintaining that alcoholism, the skid row alcoholic, the chronic drunkenness offender, is to become truly a public health problem. That the high quality treatment, the high standards of services that we provide other alcoholic patients are made available to the chronic drunkenness offender - now this does not mean that the chronic offender necessarily can benefit from the same type of treatment that our other alcoholic patients are involved in; but it does mean that whatever services are provided for them, they are the highest possible quality of services to meet the needs of this important patient population. I have been impressed as I have visited many alcoholism facilities throughout this nation with the fact that even though the Easter Decision is more than nine months old and that a similar decision in the case of Joe B. Driver in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals at Richmond, Virginia, have established a new legal precedent, and that these precedents have been set on both a constitutional and common-law basis and there is no doubt that tbe precedent will spread from state to state and circuit to circuit; yet in spite of all these things, many alcoholism programs do not seem to be planning to take care of this situation when it inevitably happens in their own state and community and I was, therefore, very pleased to see that in Atlanta there is planning being initiated and that the Community Council here in Atlanta is drafting a proposal which will be submitted as an answer to the problems that can arise here; that there are a number of people interested in the chronic alcoholic offender; and that services are being demonstrated now which can be extremely important in meeting the treatment, the rehabilitation, the residential, and other needs of this impoverished group. We fe el quite strongly in the District of Columbia that we have been bogged down in our own problems for over a year and that it's now perhaps our responsibility to communicate our experiences and observations to others throughout the country and Canada in order that some of the problems, the mistakes, and the frustrations experienced in Washington can be minimized elsewhere and it has been with this thought in mind that I have shared these comments with the staff of the Georgian Clinic and others who might come into contact with this tape recording. Richard J . T~tham , Chief Office of Alcoholism & Drug Addict i on Program Development Government of the District of Columbia Department of Public Health Washington, D.C. RJT: 2-24-67 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document "IMPACT OF THE EASTER DECISION ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA" by Richard J. Tatham (D.C. Department of Public Health) This is Richard J. Tatham, Chief of the Office of Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Program Development, for the District of Columbia Department of Health. I've been asked to relate to you some of our recent experiences in the District of Columbia which have resulted from a U.S. Court of Appeals decision last March 31, 1966, in the case of DeWitt Easter vs the Court of Columbia. As many of you know, the result of this court decision was a reversal of court decisions which found DeWitt Easter to be guilty of the crime of intoxication, in spite of the fact that he had clearly established that he was a chronic alcoholic. This decision was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals and it was found that alcoholism is an illness and that it would constitute cruel and unusual punishment for a sick person to be convicted and punished for exhibiting a symptom of his illness in public, and it was further established that the essential common law element of criminal intent is lacking when an alcoholic becomes intoxicated. As a result of this case, the Court of General Sessions began utilizing the Alcoholic Rehabili- tation Act of 1947, which authorized that court, in the District of Columbia, to suspend criminal hearings whenever a defendant was suspected of having an alcoholism problem and to commit that person to the Department of Public Health for diagnosis, classification, and treatment. The 47th Statute had been used on the average of 100 times each year between the years 1950 and 1963, and was, therefore, nothing new to the court or to the Health Department. However, in more recent years its use was discontinued as the court began to develop its own pro- bation program for alcoholic offenders. Last year the U.S. Court of Appeals strongly urged the District of Columbia to use its 47th Statute once again and as & result of this admonition some 3500 individuals have been adjudicated under the 47th Statute to be chronic alcoholics and the majority of these have been committed to the Health Department for treatment. At the time of the Easter Decision, the D.C. Health Department operated three alcoholism treatment facili- ties; namely, an outpatient clinic, known as the Alcoholic Rehabilitation Clinic; a hospital unit for intensive medical care at the D.C, General Hospital; and, a brand new comprehensive in-patient, out-patient unit at our Area C Mental Health Center, However, the latter facility was only in its beginning phases with a skeleton staff and was not really able to participate appreciably to handle a court alcoholic problem. Likewise, the in-patient facility at D.C. General Hospitai concentrated on the short-term intensive treatment for delirium tremens, hallucinosis, and other serious complications of alcoholism, and so very few of the court-committed alcoholics were eligible for this service. The only remaining treatment facility is our out-patient clinic. Now in the month immediately following the Easter Decision, only six patients were committed to the Health Department. In the month of May, the number jumped up to 100 and by June, 300 new patients were committed to us. By this time, patients were being transported from the court to the out-patient clinic by the busload with as many as 50 or more arriving at a time. The out-patient clinic had no choice but to accept these in spite of the fact that the clinic was not designed to accammodate the needs of the patients we were receiving. Utter chaos followed. All attempts to utilize existing Health Department resources resulted only in the addition of a few part- time people on an over-time basis in order that the clinic could operate evenings and Saturdays. Now, nine months after the Easter Decision, the same situation prevails with one exception - we now have an additional facility ~ a 425-bed, extended-care rehabilitation center located just outside the District of Columbia in Occoquan, Virginia, This facility opened November 14, 1966, and was filled to -2- capacity in less than six weeks, so once again the Health Department is unable to accommodate all the patients who require in-patient treatment and these patients are once again going to our out-patient clinic. A recent article in the Washington Post indicated that the Director of this out- patient clinic is threatening to leave the Health Department unless the situation is alleviated somehow. The patients are still coming to clinic in droves. While they are there, they have entered into fights with other patients, members of the clinic staff have been assaulted, patients have urinated and expectorated in the clinic and this has created a situation which threatens the entire survival of a treatment program that has been in existence since 1949. The solution of this problem is not a simple one. One might believe that the Health Department had not anticipated the reversal in the Easter Case; however, this is not true. Well in advance of the Easter Decision, the Health Department, along with representatives from Vocational Rehabilitation, Correction, Adminis- tration, and Welfare Departments prepared an ad hoc report dealing with the possible impact of an Easter Decision, This report clearly pointed out some of the problems which might arise and also outlined certain new services and facilities which might be needed. However, no action was taken by our Board of Commissioners. The reason for this included the fact that the Commissioners had no assurance that the Easter Case would be reversed and even if it would be reversed they had no assurance that the impact would be great. For example, even though the Easter Case would be reversed, the judges in our local courts might insist that the question of alcoholism would have to be introduced by the defendant himself and many alcoholics appearing in court, of course, would choose not to introduce the problem of alcoholism, By avoiding the question of alcoholism they could return to their workhouse where they have been long-time residents - they knew that they would serve an average of 21 days and then could be released without any parole or any other obligations. However, if they should bring up the question of alcoholism, they might very well be committed to the Health Department for 90 days with a possibility that a second 90-day committment would follow. With this in mind, there was much speculation that the courts would not use the Easter Decision as @ base of future action in very many cases, In addition to this, the problem was complicated by the fact that the corporation counsel, known in other cities as a prosecuting attorney, felt very strongly that according to the definition of our 1947 Statute, there could not possibly be more than 20 or 30 chronic alcoholics in the entire District of Columbia. Activities since then have proven quite the contrary. The problem has become so great that it was necessary to set up a court-coordination program and patient control system in order to just keep track of the x~ultitude of patients being committed to us by the court. The situation became so bad that the Health Department was instructed that it must cut off all voluntary patient admissions at its treatment facilities in order to make room for the court-committed patients. In evaluating the problems that have occurred since the Easter Decision, the Department has consistently fallen back on its basic comprehensive community mental health plan, which points out the needs for various facilities ranging from the extended care rehabilitation center we now operate to mental health center alcoholism units providing both in-patient and out-patient treatment to detoxification centers to residential facilities such as hostels and half-way houses. The big problem, obviously, is the magnitude of the program which we have proposed and the fact that one or two components of the program still do not alleviate the problem of handling court-committed patients. Until a complete eeu system is available and operating which can provide all of the services needed by this particular patient population, there will be chaos in treating the chronic court offender. If we do not have community based residential facilities, then we will either have to expand our in-patient hospital at Occoquan, Virginia, or we will have to substitute out-patient treatment with all its inadequacies for this homeless patient group. The District of Columbia is presently spending approximately $3,000,000 per year on the alcoholic patients seen by the Health Department. Of this figure, approximately $1,000,000 a year is expended on the care of alcoholics having psychosis who are admitted to St. Elizabeths Hospital and paid for by the Health Department on a contract basis. The other $2,000,000 accounts for our present services at the rehabilitation center, at the Area C alcoholism unit and at our out-patient clinic. Also, the figure includes the cost of providing our court coordination and patient control system, a small alcoholism TB Program at Glendale Hospital, and our new demonstration detoxification unit. As we are busily trying to expand our services to accommodate the needs of the court-committed patients, we are faced with a new problem which has come to light within the past few weeks in Washington. Our information indicates that two new bills are to be introduced to Congress this session. One by the administration, a second by Congressman Hagan from Georgia. Each bill would introduce a new concept in law enforcement as each would remove intoxication from the criminal code entirely. This would mean that if either of these bills was passed, an individual could not be arrested for being intoxicated only in the District of Columbia, It would mean that if an intoxicated person is helpless, has no place to go, he could be escorted by a police or Health Department official to a health facility for detoxification. He would be kept in such a detoxification faciltiy until his blood alcohol content returned to the legal limits of sobriety and then could be continued in treatment for alcoholism as a voluntary patient or released outright. This would mean that our attention to the problems of getting sufficient hospital care resources for court-committed alcoholics would shift almost immediately to the problem of obtaining sufficient in-patient detoxification resources within the community itself. I think this is an excellent example of how dynemic the field of alcoholism has become as a public health problem and indicates the importance of planning coupled with flexibility; and, above all, it impresses with the importance of the magnitude of the problem. Most communities have never accepted the full impact of the statement that alcoholism is the nations third or fourth public health problem. We have mouthed this saying without realizing the financial impact that it carries. As I said earlier, our community is expending approximately $3,000,000 a year on alcoholics. Now I'm talking about the Health Departments budget - I'm not adding to this figure what the Police Department, what the courts, what the Department of Corrections, and other departments are allocating to the care of alcoholics - just the Health Department. This $3,000,000 figure, in our estimation, will probably have to be doubled to a $6,000,000 annual figure just to take care of the immediate emergency problems arising from the Easter Decision and the possible new legislation which would remove intoxication from the criminal code. Now, in creating these new services, of course we would hope any new program would be considered an additional resource for voluntary patients also; but, it's interesting to note that our 1947 Statute and the Easter Decision and the possible new statutes removing intoxication from the criminal code, all focus on the alcoholic who is a law offender and quite often the most important patient in this group is the chronic drunkenness offender with fifty or more previous arrests for drunkenness. This means that today, alcoholism, even though a public health problem, is reaching the public's attention through the judicial activities of the community and of the nation; thet a complete alfe revision of some rather well established principles is being questioned; and that new approaches are being encouraged; and that these new approaches will require new funds of considerable magnitude unless the community is satisfied that the treatment of the chronic alcoholic offender should consist of removing him from the streets only - and I think this is a very real problem that we face in firmly maintaining that alcoholism, the skid row alcoholic, the chronic drunkenness offender, is to become truly a public health problem. That the high quality treatment, the high standards of services that we provide other alcoholic patients are made available to the chronic drunkenness offender - now this does not mean that the chronic offender necessarily can benefit from the same type of treatment that our other alcoholic patients are involved in; but it does mean that whatever services are provided for them, they are the highest possible quality of services to meet the needs of this important patient population. I have been impressed as I have visited many alcoholism facilities throughout this nation with the fact that even though the Easter Decision is more than nine months old and that a similar decision in the case of Joe B. Driver in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals at Richmond, Virginia, have established a new legal precedent, and that these precedents have been set on both a constitutional and common-law basis and there is no doubt that the precedent will spread from state to state and circuit to circuit; yet in spite of all these things, many alcoholism progrems do not seem to be planning to take care of this situation when it inevitably happens in their own state and community and I was, therefore, very Pleased to see that in Atlanta there is planning being initiated and that the Community Council here in Atlanta is drafting a proposal which will be submitted as an answer to the problems that can arise here; that there are a number of people interested in the chronic alcoholic offender; and that services are being demonstrated now which can be extremely important in meeting the treatment, the rehabilitation, the residential, and other needs of this impoverished group. We fecl quite strongly in the District of Columbia that we have been bogged down in our own problems for over a year and that,it's now perhaps our responsibility to communicate our experiences and observations to others throughout the country and Canada in order that some of the problems, the mistakes, and the frustrations ex- perienced in Washington can be minimized elsewhere and it has been with this thought in mind that I have shared these comments with the staff of the Georgian Clinic and others who might come into contact with this tape recording. Richard J. Tatham, Chief Office of Alcoholism & Drug Addiction Program Development Government of the District of Columbia Department of Public Health Washington, D.C. RJT: 2-24-67  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 13 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/165d5c70176cd6437828e3c5829348ba.pdf d982e4a4bc7ef85455261c8abdb70aef Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. r C C A A Choirman of the Board of Din •ctms Vice Chairman MRS . RHODES L. PERDUE, Secrerwy w . L. CALLOWAY. As .. ocrare ,S'ecrerary A. B. PADGETT, Treasurer JAMES P. FURNISS ommunity ouncil o:f the tlanta rea inc. CECIL ALEXANDER . DUANE W . BEC K. ONE THOUSAN D G LE NN BUILDING, 120 MARIETT A ST., N. W. Exenuhe Director ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 TELEPHONE 577-2250 Report 67-1 March, 1967 TREATMENT PLAN FOR THE CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC COURT OFFENDER This report is the result of the work of the Advisory Committee on Alcoholism of the Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc., and was compiled and written by staff of the Council. Approved by the Executive Committee of the Community Council on March 2, 1967. Paul Cadenhead, Chairman Mrs. Marian Glustrom, Staff, CCAA Eugene Branch, Chm., Permanent Conferenc e Mrs. Inez B. Tillison, Assoc. Dir., CCAA Committee Members Asa Barnard, Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Paul Cadenhead, Atlanta Bar Association Chaplain Joseph Caldwell, Candler School of Theology T. A. Carroll, Alcoholics Anonymous Grover Causby, Georgia Department Family & Children Services Dr. Sheldon Cohen, Fulton County Medical Society Mrs. Marian J. Ford, Travelers Aid Dr. Vernelle Fox, Georgian Clinic s. C. Griffith, Jr., Atlanta Hospital Council Bruce Herrin, Emory Univ, Alcohol Vocational Rehabilitation Pr oject Dr . Sidney Isenberg, Fulton County Medical Society Henry Jackson, St. Jude's House, Inc. Wilbu r Stanley, Georgia Department of Education Mrs . Nita Stephens, Fulton County Dept. Family & Child r en Se rv ices Ma jo r John St ra ng , Salvation Army Reve r end Russell St r ange, Atl a nt a Union Mission Ernest Wr i ght , Geo r g i a De pa rtmen t of Labor �• TREATMENT PLAN for THE CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC COURT OFrENDER I. Background The problem of the chronic alcoholic court offender is not a new one in Atlanta. The courts and many other agencies have been aware of it for many years, and attempts have been made to meet it. Over 10 years ago, Municipal Court judges became concerned with the problem because it was occupying an increasing amount of the court's time. It became increasingly evident that repeatedly arresting these individuals, trying them, sentencing them, and having them pay fines, serve time or both, was not allev iating the problem. Even turning these individuals over to a higher court as habitual drunkards helped only to the extent that men spe nding 12 months in prison could no t be rearrested and appear in court during that time. A large percentage of those who did serve 12 months in prison were back in jail for "plain drunk" within days and sometimes even hours after being released from prison. At a bout this time, the judge s were approached by several individual s , some o f whom were ex-alcoholics, who volunt e ered their services a s a Helping Hand Society to do wha t they could to help t hese individuals c a ught in what is regarded as the "revolving door of drunkenness"--arrest-jail-release-drunkenne s s-arrest, etc. At this same time, Mr. He nry Jackson, who had 18 years of e x tensive e x p e rience working with alcoholics, was added to the Municipa l Court staff as the Director of the Alcohol i c Rehabilitation Prog ram. Jud ge J a mes E. Webb a cce pt e d the offers o f h e lp a nd se t up a sys tem where b y ind i v iduals who were brought to court for pla in public intoxication could, by request , be probated to the Helping -Hand Soci e ty. At the discretion o f the judge and r e pre sentatives of the Helping Hand Society, a n individual wa s acce pte d on the p r og ram, and for a probation per iod o f 60 d a ys h e was e x p ected t o coope r a t e with the Soci e ty. The program cons i sted o f t h ree e s sentia l things: 1) b ei ng a friend to t h e i n d i v i du a l wi t h a d r inking p rob l em; 2 ) he l ping him find f ood, clo t h i ng a nd s h e l ter ; 3 ) p rovid ing fe l lowship for the ind i vidual in a new envi r onment away from drinking establishment s. Because o f the l ack of p r oper f a c i l i t ies to carry out the f u nction s of the Helping Hand Society, t he pro gram, a l thou gh s u c c es s f u l with s ome, was u nab l e to reach the majori t y o f the chro nic court offenders, a n d t h e Municipal Court caseload continued to grow at an a l arming rate. In 1961, Ju dge Webb and the lea d er s of th~ Helping Ha n d Society decided that if an increase in facil it ie s for the treatme nt of alc o holism we re at their disposal, they could do a better j ob of rehabilitating larger numbers of chronic alcoholic court offenders. They approached the Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. The Council re~ommended that further study be done. The City of Atlanta, Fulton County, and a group of business leaders agreed to provide the funds for a one year study to be made by the Department of Psychiatry of Emory University. The study was designed to gather data, �Page 2 analyze the data, and make recommendations based on this data to better deal with the problem of the chronic alcoholic court offender and his family. The study began on July 1, 1962 and ended June 30, 1963. The following is a summary of the committee's recommendations: 1. That a new facility, an Intensive Treatment Center, be established with City and County funds to provide inpatient and outpat i ent services using a multi-discipline approach. That these services be coordinated with all other treatment and rehabilitation services for alcoholism. 2. To continue the present Helping Hand Halfway House, with some City and County funds made available for this facility, as a model for the establishment and development of other halfway houses in the community. 3. That at least one Alcoholic Information and Referral Center be established on an experimenta l basis, in one of the neighborhood areas of particularl y heavy drinking, this Center to be staffed primarily with volunteers. 4. To provide better training to policemen in the recognition of "intox icatio~' and its various causes. 5. That there be medical screening in the City Jail of all intox icated p r i s oners immediately following the arrest of these persons. That t hose in need of any medical attention be immed i atel y transferred to Grad y Memorial Hospital for this medical ca r e. 6. Tha t the lega l procedures now e x isting be r evised so that an individual can be processed from the time o f his arrest un t il disposition o f hi s case h a s been mad e by the multi-Qiscipline team previousl y mentioned . 7. Tha t some of t h e approaches to alcoholics at the Cit y Pri s on Fa rm be mod i f ied so that trea t ment and rehabilitation can be c a rried out in this setting. Tha t an effort be made in the Ci ty P r ison Fa r m to eva lu a t e the mental a nd phy sic a l condition of the alcoholic prisoners and a p r og ra m o f re h a b i li tat ion be ins t ituted for e a ch of these pe r sons. Some st ride s have bee n made in implementing these r e c omme nd a tio n s , bu t we s t ill have a l o ng way to g o a s wi l l be s e en i n ot h e r sectio n s o f this repo rt. Lack o f funds , s hortage o f sta f f a nd publ i c apa thy have combine d to hi n der pro gre ss. Recent events, ho wever, have mad e it i mperative t ha t we deve l o p and carry o ut plans f o r the chronic alc o h ol ic c ourt offender. There have been two court case s c o ncerning the chronic alcoholic which have grave implications for Atlanta. On e decision, in the Easter Case, was handed down by the U. s. Court of Appeal s in Washington, D. C., and the other, t!~e Driver Case, by the Fourth U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond, Virginia . Both decisions were similar and indicative of what path other courts will take. �-- - - - - -- Page 3 The decisions stated that chronic alcoholics could not be charg ed with drunkenness because they have lost the power of self-control in the use of intox icating beverages. In Washington, the judge said that a 1947 federal law on rehabilitation of alcoholics described chronic drinkers as sick people who needed proper medical and other treatment. However, commi t ment for treatment of chronic alcoholics as contemplated b y Congress was not mandatory. The accused may be released but he may not be punished. It was a l s o the judge's decision tha t chronic alcoholism is a "defense t o a cha rge of public intoxication and, therefore, is not a crime, however, this does not absolve the voluntarily intoxicated person of criminal responsibility for crime in general under applicable law." The case is now coming up bef o r e the Supreme Court a nd there is every reason to _b e liev e that the deci sion will be upheld. Therefore, it is o n ly a matt e r o f t i me b efore At l a nt a is fa c e d wi t h t he p r oblem a nd some planni ng mu s t be done so that facilities for rehabilitative services for the chronic alcoholic will be available, otherwise, there will be chaos and confusion with wa sted effort, time and money . The p r oblem is a compli ca ted one. Trea tment of the a lcoholic--to b e effec t ive and l ast ing --requ ire s coordinat ion of se rvic es a nd a combi n ation o f many resources and practices. A multi-disciplinary, as well a s a f a mily centered and reaching out approach, must be used. Trea tment should be dire cte d to thr ee mai n g oals : 1. Pe rma n e n t sep ara tion o f t h e a lcoho l i c f rom alcohol. 2. Repa iring the physical and emotional d a mage a nd preventing f u rt her d a ma ge . r 3. Chang i ng c o mmu nity institu t ion s, p rog rams and services t o meet the s pecial n e e ds a nd p robl e ms o f t h e a l coholic. Communi ty r e sou r c e s shou ld b e ma d e as r e adi l y a vailabl e a nd easi l y accessibl e as ot h ers . In a ddition, a n y pla nning f o r the chronic a lcoholic cou r t be integrat e d wi th the pl anni ng b ei ng done f o r a l l o the r f o r other phases of mental h ea l th and physica l i l lness . p art o f the s a me problem and should not b e s egme nt e d, i f II. o ffe nd er shou ld a lcoholics and They are a ll a at a ll po ssibl e . Target Populati on in Atlanta A. Ove r half o f t he arre sts ma de b y the At l a nta Polic e De pa r tme n t i n 1 9 6 6 for non-traff ic o ffe nses i n v olve d pu b l ic i ntoxi cation. 1. Total non-traffic arrests - 79 , 092 ( does not include juveniles) 2. Arre s ts involving dru nken ness - 47,305. These consist of approximately 1 2,000 ind ividua ls and that about one-half, or 6,000, of these individuals were arrested on this charge from 2 to 20 times �Page 4 during the year. It is difficult to say how many of these can be rehabilitated fully or t o some e xtent. From the experience of the staff of the Emory University Alcohol Project in their three and a half years of operation, it is their belief tha t with the proper a pproaches, facilities and staff, a conside r able number of these persons might be at least partially rehabilitated. They a r e not willing to dismiss the poss i bility of assisting even t he mos t ha r d-core chronic alcoholic. It is sometimes extremely difficult to determine accur~tely in advance just who can be helped or how long it might take. They . believe that it is essential to at least make a sincere effort to treat each one of these individuals. It is rea lly only through giving e a ch of them an opportunity for t reatment and rehabilitation t hat we c a n determ i n e whether or not they can be helped. I t is conceivable that approximat ely 10,000 of thi s g roup o f 12,000 alco hol i c off ende rs can be as sisted to improve their total well-being significantly. B. Characteristics of the Chronic Alcoholic Court Offender 1. 2. Gene r al Characteristics: a. Produc t o f a limited social envi r onment who has never a t ta ine d more than a minimum of integration within the community. b. Depe ndent p e rsonali t y without much individua l r esourc e f ulness . c. Ind i vidu a l who has di ffi cul ty in communicati ng with others . The following specific data has b e en taken from the original s t udy { done by Emory Universit y : a. Average age of white ma l e - 48. 0 year s Negro ma l e - 42.9 years b. Ra t e o f t u b e r c ulo s i s in thi s group was fou nd t o b e t e n times g reat er than the ra te i n the genera l popula tion . c. 1 0 % of the white males and 3 . 6 % of t h e Ne gro ma l es had been hospita l ized in a me nta l ho s pita l p reviou sly. d. 50 % o f the whi t e mal es we n t b eyond the eigh t h grad e in schoo l. In t hi s grou p, there wa s no corre l a tion b e tween the number of court appearances and l e vels of education . e. The Negro ma l es did d e mo nst rate a c or re l ation of the lev e l of e ducation with the numb er o f court appearances. 1) 50% of the Negro males in the 1-2 court appearance group went throu gh the n i nth grade. �Page 5 f. 2) 50% in the 3-6 court appearance group went through the eighth grade. 3) 50% in the 7 or more court appearance group went only through the seventh grade. Employment 1) 77% of the Negro males were classified as unskilled labor; while 32% of the white males were in this gr.map. 2) 40.9% of the white males had had special job training; while only 24.8% of the Negroes had. 3) 52% of both races were unemployed. 4) 26% of the white males and 14% of the Negro males were receiving some type of financial assistance. 5) At the time of arrest, 42% of the white males and only 6% of the Negro males had money available to pay a fine. r III. Elements to be considered in a Treatment Plan for the Chronic Alcoholic Court Offender A. Legal and Legislative 1. Legislation to give city authority to spend funds for local alcoholic rehabilitative measure s. The city of Atlanta is in a peculiar position. Under the Reorganization Plan of 1951, health functions were made the responsibility of the county and police functions were made the responsibility of the city. Therefore, city police can arrest an alcoholic for public drunkenness, but the city cannot spend tax money to rehabilitate him, since rehabilitation is a health function. The FultonDeKalb County Hospital Authority says alcoholism is a chronic illness and it assumes no responsibility for chronically ill. The Fulton and DeKalb County Health Departments have no outpatient clinics for the alcoholic. The State Health Department feels that it has no responsibility for the alcoholic until reasonable rehabilitative measures have been made at the local level. 2. There must be a change in the police handling of chronic inebriate offenders. The following quotation from Peter Barton Hutt, the attorney who presented the appeal in the Easter Case in the Distric of Columbia, gives an indication of some of the problems involved: �Page 6 "With regard to the police handling of chronic inebriate off enders , it is my opinion that it is not a false arrest for a pol i ceman to charge an unknown inebriate with public intoxication, even after the Easter and Driver decisions. The police should not be required, at their peril, to make a judgment on the street as to whether an intoxicated individual is or is not a chronic alcoholic. "In the case of known chronic alcoholics, however, this problem raises a far more difficult legal issue. To some, the a vailability of the defense of chronic alcoholism still seems more properly an issue for the courts than for the police . "But more impor ta nt, the community should not place the police in j eopard y in thi s way. There is no reason why the police should be bu r dened with the ignominious task o f swee pi ng chronic inebria tes off the public streets. I was recently called upon in the District of Columbia to assist a man who had been arrested 38 times since the Easter decision. When you take into consideration the amount of time he spent incarcerated in jail and in various hospitals, this amounted to 1 arrest for every 2 days that he appeared on public streets. Certainly, the a nswer to the Easter and Dri ver decisions is not just to arre st dere lict alcoholics every day, duly bring them to trial and then immediately release them back on the streets without assistance, only to repeat the process over and over again. This succeeds only in speeding up the "revolvi ng door," a nd in further pe rsecution a nd deg rada t ion of chr onic inebriates . It c a nnot contribute to the elimi na tion o f these a bu ses , a s the Easte r a nd Dr iver de c i sions de ma nd . "In my opinion, the police can .and should take t wo immedi a te steps to end the revolving door process, pe nding de velopment of a br oad er community p r og r a m tha t I will d iscu s s l a ter in this t a lk. Fi rst, they should assi s t a ny d r unken person t o hi s home , whe ne ver that i s possible . Se cond, where a n indi vidua l i s u nable to take care o f himself , the poli ce s hould as.sist hi m to an appr opriate public heal th faci l ity where he can r ec eive the ne c e s s ary a tte n t ion. Under no cir cumsta nces should they arre st known a lcohol i c s time a nd time again . "The question arises, o f c ourse, whether the police may properly assume responsibility f or intoxi cated individuals and escort them to an appropriate public health facility to receive proper medical attention. If t he ineb riat e does not consent , would the police incur liability for a fal s e arrest? I have l ong been o f the view that the police have duties o f a civil nature, in addition to their responsibility for enforcing the criminal law. ~hen a policeman escorts a heart attack victim to the hospital, he certainly is not arresting him. Thus, in my opinion, the police have both a right and a duty to take unwilling intoxicated citizens who appear to be unable to take care of themselves, whether or not they are alcoholics, to appropriate public health facilities. And I might �Page 7 add that, in the oral argument in the Easter case, all 8 of the judges indicated agreement with this proposition. Nevertheless, law enforcement officers have expressed considerable apprehension about the possible liability of policemen for false arrest under these circumstances. Certainly, this question should be resolved immediately, preferably by enactment of state statutes, in order to lay the necessary legal foundation for the proper medical handling of alcoholics." 3. The court procedure must also be modified. Peter Barton Hutt: Again, the quotes are "With regard to the judicial handling of chronic court inebriate s , once a judge becomes aware, through any information of any kind, from any source, that a defendant charged with public intoxication may have available to him the defense of chro_nic alcoholism, he is, in my opinion, clearly obligated to make certain that the defense is adequately presented. Cases in the District of Columbia, involving the analogous defense of mental illness, hold that even if the defendant protests, the judge is required to inject the defense into the case sua sponte, which means of his own motion, to make certain that an innocent man is not convicted. Failure to do so is reversible error, as an abuse of the judge's discretion. And a decision handed down by the United States Supreme Court in March of this year is wholly consistent with this position. There is no reason why these precedents should not be equally applicable to the defense of chronic alcoholism. "This means, of course, increased responsibility for the judicia ry . Under the Easter and Driver d~cisions, each trial judge is obligated to take affirmative action to bring an immediate end to the traditional "revolving door" handling of the chronic court inebriate in his court. No judge, in my opinion, may properly remain neut r al, simply waiting for a defendant to raise the defense of alcoholism. "Indeed, statistics I have reviewed suggest that, throughout the cou nt r y, a ppr oximately 90-95 per cent of the drunkenness o f fende r s who appear before the courts have serious d r inking problems . In my judgment, this statistic in itself places upon trial judges an obliga tion to inquire into the possibility of the defense of chronic a lcoholism fo r virtually eve r y dr unkenness offender who a ppear s i n the courts . A fa i lu r e to u nderta ke this inqu i ry amount s , in my vi ew, to a de r ogat i on of judic ial r espon sibi lity. "Thi s al so me an s t he d emi se o f t he so- cal l e d court honor or probationary programs f o r al coholics which have s prung up all over the country as the judiciary 's ad hoc answe r t o the failure of public health officials t o treat alcoholism as a disea s e. If a defendant is found t o be elig ible f or a court alcoholic program, then obviously he should not be convicted in the first place. The Easter �Page 8 and Driver decisions are, in my judgment, fundamentally in conflict with any type of judicially-sponsored post-conviction program for the treatment of alcoholism. However benevolent such programs may be, constitutionally they are a thing of the past. For my part, I shall be very happy to see the courts step aside in this area, and to see public health officials take over problems which the y should have taken over many years ago." B. 4. Legislation to provide for involuntary commitment of alcoholic until rehabilitation process is complete. Should be on a health and treatment basis rather than through courts with penal approa ch . 5. The responsibilities of the state and local communities must be defined and clarified. 6. The responsibility of after-care when the patient has been rele a sed from the hospital should be determined. Who follows-up--the state or local community? Treatment Facilities 1. Intake Center and Detoxification Unit Before any kind of evaluation, diagnosis or therapy can beg in , it is necessary that the individual be detox ified as quickl y a nd as safely as possible so that the effects of acute intox ific a tion are no longer present. There is no doubt that the hospital is t he best setting f or such treatment. Eme r genc y measures a re a t h a nd , the staff is av ailable a nd all necess a r y equipment is the re . In Fulton and DeKalb County, Grady Memorial Hospital seems to be the logical place for a Detox ification Cente r . It is authorized to t a ke care of e me r gencie s , it has spa ce and is convenientl y l oc at ed . I t does t ake c a re of alcoholics in i ts emergency clinic. Ex pe r i ence h a s shown that there is v ery little difficult y encoun tered i n t r ea ting a lcoholics . Recor ds of hospitals that h a v e a dmi t t e d the s e pa t i ents wi ll con fi r m t he re port that most of t h e se p a tients of fer no mo r e d i f fi culty t han an y o t her s i ck pe r son . I t is d i ffic u l t to es tima t e how many b e ds At l a nt a would need t o take c are of the probl em to a f a i r l y adequ a t e d e g ree. St. Lou is , Mis souri, o pened a 30 - bed unit t o s erve the en t i r e c ity. Officia ls r e p o rted t h a t in the fir st two mo n t hs o f op e r ati on , the s t a t ion ope rated a t or near capa c i t y wi th o n l y the al coh o lics fr om t wo p olic e districts. It i s o b vi ous t h at if fa c i l ities e x i st the y will be used. Based o n the St. Louis experience, which was c o ncerne d with a lower rate of arre sts than Atlanta has, it is felt that approximately 100 beds would be needed. Staff f o r 24 hour duty would be required. This would mean: 9 regist e red nurses, 9 licensed practical nurses, 15 attendants (nurses aides or orderlies) . Exact plans would have to be worked out in detail with Grady Mem- ori al Hospital and other professional people who are concerned and working with the problem. I �Page 9 2. Inpatient Diagnostic-Evaluation Center Following the individual's detoxification, he could be transferred to an inpatient diagnostic-evaluation center where a complete work-up could be prepared on his medical, social, occupational, family and other personal history. This could conceivably be the present City Prison Farm, which, when alcoholics can no longer be incarcerated there, would have room. Alterations and modifications in the structure would have to be made, but this would not present much of a problem. The Center should have a multi-disciplinary team approach . Its staff should consist of medical, psychiatric, psychologica l, soci a l work, vocationa l, and rehabilita tion personnel. The individual would stay approximately 5 or 6 days or until plans were complete for future treatment. It is hoped that as much as possible treatment would be on a voluntary basis and that commitment would be only used when absolutely necessary. Full coopera tion a nd willingness of the individ~al to under go treatment would f a cil i tate the rehabili t ative process. 3. Outpatient Rehabilitative Treatment The s u c c es s o f the Emory Universi ty Voca tiona l Rehabilitat i on Alcohol Proj e c t d emonst r ates tha t these me n can be tre a t ed s uccessf ully in an outpa t ient setting. Even those who will become only partially self-sustaining should be treated as those who eventually wi ll be fully rehabili t ated. The most i mpor t a nt a nd unique f eatu re o f t he p r oposed method o f treating t he chronic a lcohol ic cou rt o ffend er is based on the recogniti on that t hese i nd i vi duals are to ta l l y d e pe nd e nt upon o t her s to ta ke care of them. Knowing a nd accepting this ma kes the t ask o f r e ha bil ita t i on l ess d iffi cult a nd more cer t a i n. Any outpatient service should be based on t he Emory Pro j ect and its experience should be f ull y ut i lized. The servi c e should use a multi-disciplinary approach. Represented on the staff should be vocational re habilitation counselors, social workers, clinical psyc hol ogists, chapl ains, physicians and psychiatrists. The main emphasis in rehabi litation should be on "reaching out" for the clients rather than the traditional waiting for the client to request services. This reaching out is necessary because of the passive, dependent nature of the alcoholic. Once he is involved in the rehabilitation process, he must be continuously supported until his total dependency can be changed so that he is sufficiently independent to function in society and to maintain employment. �Page 10 4. Inpatient Extended Care Program-Rehabilitative Service The Georgia Health Code Act No. 936 (H.B. 162) 1964 session of the General Assembly, 88-403, states: "The administrative responsibility for alcoholic rehabilitatio~ as provided herein shall be vested in the Department of Health. The Department of Health shall study the problem of alcoholism, including methods and facilities available for the care, custody, detention, treatment, employment, and rehabilitation of alcoholics. The Department of Health shall promote meetings for the discussion of the problems confronting clinics and agencies engaged in the treatment of alcoholics and shall disseminate information on subject of alcoholism for the assistance and guidance of residents and courts of the State. The Department of Health is hereby authorized to establish and maintain hospitals, clinics, institutions, outpatient stations, farms, or other facilities for the care, custody, control, detention, treatment, employment, and rehabilitation of alcoholics, and is further authorized to accept for care and custody alcoholics voluntarily applying for treatment or or dered hospitalized by court order as hereinafter provided, and is further authorized to confine and detain such alcoholics for treatment and rehabilitation," This, then, definitely places the responsibility on public heal t h and any planning should be done with this in mind. Also, as with all othe r phases of the plan, this should be inte grated and coo r dina ted with the state and local plans for me ntal he alth . In a conference Community Councilr staff had with the State Mental· Health Di vision, it was pointed out that it was the policy of the Menta l Health Division to require that all local mental health pr ogra ms should include some provision for the care o r ha ndl i ng o f chronic alcoholic s . The e xact me thods to be uti lized are no t s pecifi ed , but t hi s proble m must be considered a nd pr o vided for in some manner in any mental health program at the local l e ve l, Dr. Donald Spille, Executive Director of the Metropolitan Atlanta Me ntal Health Associa tion, Inc., is a member of t he Community Counc il's Committee on Alcohol i sm a nd wi ll help keep the Committe e advi s ed on me ntal hea l t h program p lans. The inpatient extended care rehabi l itative service could be part of a reg i onal ho spi t a l or a center by itself. The s t re ss s hould be o n rehabilita t i on t o prepare t he individua l to be a selfsustaining member of soci e ty . Treatment techniques should include: a. b. c. d. Counseling and e valuation Physical therapy Work therapy Group therapy �Page 11 e. f. g. h. i. Self government Lectures and films Drug therapy Recreation therapy Pastoral counseling Specific plans should be developed by experts in the field. At present, we have the Georgian Clinic located in Atlanta and supported by the Georgia Department of Public Health. Fees charged to the patient are based on income. It is a 50-bed resident patient hospital and also provides day care and night care, This serves all residents of Georgia and the patient must be free of alcohol for 24 to 48 hours, There are also a few private · hospitals or sanatoriums that accept chronic alcoholics but facilities are extremely limited and almost nonexistent for those who cannot pay. C. Supportive Services 1. Housing - a great many of these individuals have no place to live. Some need temporary shelter while undergoing treatment. Some place must be provided for them which will give them support and keep them from drinking. Others will need more permanent arrangements if they cannot return to their own homes or live independently. The following are some of the kinds of housing that are recommended: a. Hostel - a semi-institution preferably in town. Should have a structured program with some medical personnel in attendance. Can be large, serving several hundred individuals. There is nothing like this in Atlanta. b. Halfway homes - smaller , more individual, less structured. St. Jude's Hou s e, Inc,, is at present the only halfway house i n Atlanta. It is supported by r ents from residents, contr ibutions from churches, individuals and foundations . I t has b eds fo r 40 r esidents and provides meals fo r an i ndefini te pe r iod of time in a protective setting . The men must be 20 year s a nd older , must ha ve an a rrest r ecor d fo r drunke nnes s , mu s t be s creened psychologically a nd phy sical l y by the Emory Univer s i t y Alcoho l Pr oject , The y mu s t also be sui t a b le for employmen t . c. Shelters for homele ss men that include alcoholics. The Atlanta Union Mission which i s supported by individual c ontributions and f e e s . The Mi s sion provides shelter , food, �Page 12 clothes, Christian counsel and employment for indig~nt men. On the average, 200 men are taken care of per night. Approximately 85% of these are alcoholics. The Salvation Army provides over 700 men with shelter a week. About 90% of these are alcoholic. It does not accept anyone in a severe drunken state since no medication or special treatment is available. These are sent by cab to Grady Hospital or turned over to the police. The men from the Emory Project will occupy a special section. The Army staff is responsible for giving the medication prescribed and will see that the men cooperate with treatment. Women alcoholics are housed at 242 Boulevard, N.E. Since August, 1966, there have been 4. Women are always referred to Grady Hospital, the Emory Project or the Georgian Clinic. d. Individual rooming houses or hotels. The Emory University Alcohol, Project now has a staff member developing these facilities. With help and supervision, many of these places could be made acceptable, kept from deteriorating and provide pleasant places to live. In most of the "flop houses" and cheap hotels, the man is exposed to other drinkers and the atmosphere is not conducive to a healthy state of mind. e. Social clubs where individual can go when not in treatment or when not working. A.A. meetings provide a form of this. f. Facility for individual who cannot be rehabilitated but will always remain partially depend~nt on treatment. Social improvement, even if it implies dependency upon the hospital, is perhaps the most that can be expected as a goal of therapy for this group. 1) Farm where he c an be self-sup porting. 2) Work outside of facilities with aid of treatmen t, but return to facility f o r night a nd free time. Atlanta Union Mission Rehabilitation Farm for alcoholics and the aged will open in May. It will house 32 alcoholics to begin with and the master plan calls f or 64. In order to be accepted , the client must be without a d rink for at least 48 hours, sign a statement of his own free will of intent to stay a minimum of 60 days, to cooperate with the staff and i ts program of worship, work and education. The client will not be permitted to leave the mission farm for the first 2 weeks and afterwards only when accompanied by Mission Farm personnel~ There will be a charge of $62.50 per month for every man. However, his ability to pay will not determine his acceptance. �Page 13 2. Financial Assistance - part of society's basic obligation is to provide for the destitute. This allows them income while undergoing treatment and supplements income of those who need permanent care. The Fulton County Department of Family & Children Services cooperate completely with the existing facilities for treatment of the chronic alcoholic. The individual receives temporary financial assistance as long as he is cooperating and undergoing treatment. The Special Service Section, which carries a reduced caseload, takes care of most of the alcoholics so that they can be given more intensive case work. When an individual applies for financial help and is an alcoholic, every attempt is made to get him to treatment. D_ Public · Educa tion Public apathy ha s been one of the most severe obstacles in working with the chronic alcoholic court offender. As a rule, he is a forgotten man, relegated to a flop house or prison and given up as a hopeless case. He remains a burden to society a nd is one of the most important contribut ors to the rese rvoir of poverty in this country. Once the public underst a nds and its intere s t is arou s ed, the resul t ing action c an become a powerful force in accomplishing a constructive objective. A public education program should concern i tself with the following aspects: 1. Deve lop community leade rship to alert people to the need s and pot e nt ial of a n a dequa t e a nd sympa thet i c a ppr oa ch to the pr oblem. 2. Ac knowledging that alcoholism is a public health problem and, the r ef o r e, a public r e sponsibility . 3, Showing t hat the penal appr oa ch t o the publ i c alco holi c is expensive and inhumane. I t has only perpe tuated t he pr oblem and in no way eased it. 4. Demons t rating t ha t the re is no s i mple so l ut i on. That t rea t ment o f the public alcoholic to be effec tive and lasting requires c oordination of s e rvices and a comb ina t i o n of many resou rces and programs. 5. Unde r stand i ng of the pub lic alcoholic and home l e ss i nd i vidu al. 6. Expl aining of problems a r ising in developing programs and service . a. b. c. 7, Legal and l egi s l ative Economics or fu nd ing Facilities and services tha t have t o be developed Describing and explaini ng kind of comprehensive plan Atlanta needs, element s involved and how we go a bout implementing such a pl an. �Page 14 A public education program should be directed at public officials, special interest groups, as well as the general public. The Metropolitan Atlanta Council on Alcoholism, working with the Community Council, could be the motivating force behind an education program. E. Central Registry and Information Retrieval The full extent of Atlanta's alcoholic problems is not known. The United States Public Health Service considers alcoholism the fourth most serious health problem in the country and the picture in Atlanta is most likely no different than that in any other city. According to the national average, it is estimated that there are from 20,000 to 25,000 alcoholics in Metropolitan Atlanta. This is far from a complete number for statistics are not available for those using private facilities and for those that never come to the attention of the public. We know that in 1965, 48,783 arrests were made in Atlanta involving drunkenness. We have these isolated figures but nothing complete , and some agency should be charged with the responsibility of keeping accurate statistics on alcoholics and facilities available for rehabilitation. In addition, the need for a central clearing house has been felt by many agencies. Alcoholics seek help in many places and often at the same time, and there is no way of knowing where they have been or what treatment they have received. A central clearing house or central registry cannot succeed, however, unless it rec e ives the full cooperation of all participating agencies. The Metropolitan Atlant a Council on Alcohol i s m might be a ble to orga nize one under a special grant so that mone y would be available for trained staff. { F. Staff Training Befor e a ny k ind o f servic e o r program c an be i n s tituted, personnel on a ll levels must be available. At the prese nt, the r e is a sever e short age of staff and there is a pressing need for training in the field. Inducements must be made so tha t individuals will be interested in working i n the are a o f a lcohol ism. All facil i t ies and p r ograms conc erned with t he t reatment o f the a lcoholic s hou ld be i nvolved with the training program and this should ag~i n be coor d inated wi t h the St ate ' s comprehensive plan for ment al il l ness o f which training is an i mpor t a n t part . The Geor g i a n Clini c ha s a n extensive training program which could be e xpanded. The Clinic cou ld po s sibly act a s t he c oor d ina t ing agency for a training program. G. Evaluation For a program of this kind, there should be a built-in system of evaluation of services. Only on the basis of such an evaluation would we be �Page 15 able to strengthen and develop the program, accomplish any worthwhile long-range planning, and establish accurate guidelines for the further development of the program. The Research Division of the Community Council will help develop the evaluation and the plan for it will be incorporated in the final report, Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document JAMES P. FURNISS Chuirinan of the Board ef Direcrars tIL ALEXANDER, Fic | | | MRS. RHODES L. PERDUE, ser Cn ‘Te 2 L. CALLOWAY, -lssoctate Secrerars all ao de PADGETT | - | : | | aaa inet | Gy Jil, DUANE W. BECK. Executive Dire GLENN BUILDING, 120 MARIETTA ST., N. W- ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 TELEPHONE &S77-2250 Report 67-1 March, 1967 TREATMENT PLAN FOR THE CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC COURT OFFENDER This report is the result of the work of the Advisory Committee on Alcoholism of the Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc., and was compiled and written by staff of the Council. Approved by the Executive Committee of the Community Council on March 2, 1967. Paul Cadenhead, Chairman Eugene Branch, Chm., Permanent Conference Mrs. Marian Glustrom, Staff, CCAA Mrs. Inez B. Tillison, Assoc, Dir., CCAA Committee Members Asa Barnard, Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Paul Cadenhead, Atlanta Bar Association Chaplain Joseph Caldwell, Candler School of Theology T. A. Carroll, Alcoholics Anonymous Grover Causby, Georgia Department Family & Children Services Dr. Sheldon Cohen, Fulton County Medical Society Mrs. Marian J. Ford, Travelers Aid Dr. Vernelle Fox, Georgian Clinic S. C. Griffith, Jr., Atlanta Hospital Council Bruce Herrin, Emory Univ. Alcohol Vocational Rehabilitation Project Dr. Sidney Isenberg, Fulton County Medical Society Henry Jackson, St. Jude's House, Inc. Wilbur Stanley, Georgia Department of Education Mrs, Nita Stephens, Fulton County Dept. Family & Children Services Major John Strang, Salvation Army Reverend Russell Strange, Atlanta Union Mission Ernest Wright, Georgia Department of Labor TREATMENT PLAN for THE CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC COURT OFFENDER Background The problem of the chronic alcoholic court offender is not a new one in Atlanta. The courts and many other agencies have been aware of it for many years, and attempts have been made to meet it. Over 10 years ago, Municipal Court judges became concerned with the problem because it was occupying an increasing amount of the court's time. It became increasingly evident that repeatedly arresting these individuals, trying them, sentencing them, and having them pay fines, serve time or both, was not alleviating the problem. Even turning these individuals over to a higher court as habitual drunkards helped only to the extent that men spending 12 months in prison could not be rearrested and appear in court during that time. A large percentage of those who did serve 12 months in prison were back in jail for "plain drunk” within days and sometimes even hours after being released from prison. At about this time, the judges were approached by several individuals, some of whom were ex-alcoholics, who volunteered their services as a Helping Hand Society to do what they could to help these individuals caught in what is regarded as the "revolving door of drunkenness''--arrest-jail-release-drunk- enness-arrest, etc. At this same time, Mr. Henry Jackson, who had 18 years of extensive experience working with alcoholics, was added to the Municipal Court staff as the Director of the Alcoholic Rehabilitation Program. Judge James E. Webb accepted the offers of help and set up a system whereby individuals who were brought to court for plain public intoxication could, by request, be probated to the Helping‘Hand Society. At the discretion of the judge and representatives of the Helping Hand Society, an individual was accepted on the program, and for a probation period of 60 days he was ex- pected to cooperate with the Society. The program consisted of three essen- tial things: 1) being a friend to the individual with a drinking problem; 2) helping him find food, clothing and shelter; 3) providing fellowship for the individual in a new environment away from drinking establishments. Because of the lack of proper facilities to carry out the functions of the Helping Hand Society, the program, although successful with some, was unable to reach the majority of the chronic court offenders, and the Municipal Court caseload continued to grow at an alarming rate. In 1961, Judge Webb and the leaders of the Helping Hand Society decided that if an increase in facilities for the treatment of alcoholism were at their disposal, they could do a better job of rehabilitating larger numbers of chronic alcoholic court offenders. They approached the Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. The Council recommended that further study be done. The City of Atlanta, Fulton County, and a group of business leaders agreed to provide the funds for a one year study to be made by the Department of Psychiatry of Emory University. The study was designed to gather data, Page 2 analyze the data, and make recommendations based on this data to better deal with the problem of the chronic alcoholic court offender and his family, The study began on July 1, 1962 and ended June 30, 1963. The following is a summary of the committee's recommendations: 1. That a new facility, an Intensive Treatment Center, be established with City and County funds to provide inpatient and outpatient services using a multi-discipline approach, That these services be coordinated with all other treatment and rehabilitation services for alcoholism. 2. To continue the present Helping Hand Halfway House, with some City and County funds made available for this facility, as a model for the estab- lishment and development of other halfway houses in the community. 3. That at least one Alcoholic Information and Referral Center be established on an experimental basis, in one of the neighborhood areas of particularly heavy drinking, this Center to be staffed primarily with volunteers. 4. To provide better training to policemen in the recognition of "“intoxi- cation" and its various causes. That there be medical screening in the City Jail of all intoxicated pris- oners immediately following the arrest of these persons. That those in need of any medical attention be immediately transferred to Grady Memor- ial Hospital for this medical care. 6. That the legal procedures now existing be revised so that an individual can be processed from the time of his arrest until disposition of his case has been made by the multi-discipline team previously mentioned. 7. That some of the approaches to alcoholics at the City Prison Farm be mod- ified so that treatment and rehabilitation can be carried out in this setting. That an effort be made in the City Prison Farm to evaluate the mental and physical condition of the alcoholic prisoners and a program of rehabilitation be instituted for each of these persons. Some strides have been made in implementing these recommendations, but we still have a long way to go as will be seen in other sections of this report. Lack of funds, shortage of staff and public apathy have combined to hinder progress. Recent events, however, have made it imperative that we develop and carry out plans for the chronic alcoholic court offender. There have been two court cases concerning the chronic alcoholic which have grave implications for Atlanta, One decision, in the Easter Case, was handed down by the U. S. Court of Appeals in Washington, D. C., and the other, the Driver Case, by the Fourth U. 8. Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond, Vir- ginia, Both decisions were similar and indicative of what path other courts will take. Il. Page 3 The decisions stated that chronic alcoholics could not be charged with drunkenness because they have lost the power of self-control in the use of intoxicating beverages. In Washington, the judge said that a 1947 federal law on rehabilitation of alcoholics described chronic drinkers as sick people who needed proper medical and other treatment. However, commitment for treatment of chronic alcoholics as contemplated by Congress was not mandatory. The accused may be released but he may not be punished. It was also the judge's decision that chronic alcoholism is a "defense to a charge of public intoxication and, therefore, is not a crime, however, this does not absolve the voluntarily intoxicated person of criminal responsibility for crime in general under applicable law." The case is now coming up before the Supreme Court and there is every reason to believe that the decision will be upheld. Therefore, it is only a matter of time before Atlanta is faced with the problem and some planning must be done so that facilities for rehabilitative services for the chronic alco- holic will be available, otherwise, there will be chaos and confusion with wasted effort, time and money. The problem is a complicated one. Treatment of the alcoholic--to be effect- ive and lasting--requires coordination of services and a combination of many resources and practices. A multi-disciplinary, as well as a family centered and reaching out approach, must be used. Treatment should be directed to three main goals: l. Permanent separation of the alcoholic from alcohol, 2. Repairing the physical and emotional damage and preventing further damage. ‘ 3. Changing community institutions, programs and services to meet the special needs and problems of the alcoholic. Community resources should be made as readily available and easily accessible as others. In addition, any planning for the chronic alcoholic court offender should be integrated with the planning being done for all other alcoholics and for other phases of mental health and physical illness. They are all a part of the same problem and should not be segmented, if at all possible, Target Population in Atlanta A, Over half of the arrests made by the Atlanta Police Department in 1966 for non-traffic offenses involved public intoxication. 1. Total non-traffic arrests - 79,092 (does not include juveniles) 2. Arrests involving drunkenness - 47,305, These consist of approx- imately 12,000 individuals and that about one-half, or 6,000, of these individuals were arrested on this charge from 2 to 20 times Page 4 during the year. It is difficult to say how many of these can be rehabilitated fully or to some extent. From the experience of the staff of the Emory University Alcohol Project in their three and a half years of operation, it is their belief that with the proper approaches, facilities and staff, a considerable number of these persons might be at least partially rehabilitated. They are not willing to dismiss the possibility of assisting even the most hard-core chronic alcoholic. It is sometimes extremely difficult to determine accur- ately in advance just who can be helped or how long it might take. They believe that it is essential to at least make a sincere effort to treat each one of these individuals. It is really only through giving each of them an opportunity for treatment and rehabilitation that we can determine whether or not they can be nelped. It is conceivable that approximately 10,000 of this group of 12,000 alcoholic offenders can be assisted to improve their total well-being significantly. Characteristics of the Chronic Alcoholic Court Offender 1. General Characteristics: a. Product of a limited social environment who has never attained more than a minimum of integration within the community. b. Dependent personality without much individual resourcefulness. ce. Individual who has difficulty in communicating with others. 2. The following specific data has been taken from the original study done by Emory University: . a. Average age of white male - 48.0 years Negro male - 42,9 years b. Rate of tuberculosis in this group was found to be ten times greater than the rate in the general population, c. 10% of the white males and 3.6% of the Negro males had been hospitalized in a mental hospital previously. d. 50% of the white males went beyond the eighth grade in school. In this group, there was no correlation between the number of court appearances and levels of education. e. The Negro males did demonstrate a correlation of the level of education with the number of court appearances. 1) 50% of the Negro males in the 1-2 court appearance group went through the ninth grade. Page 5 2) 50% in the 3-6 court appearance group went through the eighth grade. 3) 50% in the 7 or more court appearance group went only through the seventh grade. Employment 1) 77% of the Negro males were classified as unskilled labor; while 32% of the white males were in this group. 2) 40.9% of the white males had had special job training; while only 24.8% of the Negroes had. 3) 52% of both races were unemployed. 4) 26% of the white males and 14% of the Negro males were receiving some type of financial assistance. 5) At the time of arrest, 42% of the white males and only 6% of the Negro males had money available to pay a fine. III. Elements to be considered in a Treatment Plan for the Chronic Alcoholic Court Offender A. Legal and Legislative l. Legislation to give city authority to spend funds for local alcc- holic rehabilitative measures, The city of Atlanta is in a peculiar position. Under the Reorgan- ization Plan of 1951, health functions were made the responsibility of the county and police functions were made the responsibility of the city. Therefore, city police can arrest an alcoholic for pub- lic drunkenness, but the city cannot spend tax money to rehabili- tate him, since rehabilitation is a health function. The Fulton- DeKalb County Hospital Authority says alcoholism is a chronic ill- ness and it assumes no responsibility for chronically ill. The Fulton and DeKalb County Health Departments have no outpatient clinics for the alcoholic. The State Health Department feels that it has no responsibility for the alcoholic until reasonable rehab- ilitative measures have been made at the local level. There must be a change in the police handling of chronic inebriate offenders. The following quotation from Peter Barton Hutt, the attorney who presented the appeal in the Easter Case in the Distric of Columbia, gives an indication of some of the problems involved: Page 6 "With regard to the police handling of chronic inebriate offenders, it is my opinion that it is not a false arrest for a policeman to charge an unknown inebriate with public intoxication, even after the Easter and Driver decisions, The police should not be re- quired, at their peril, to make a judgment on the street as to whether an intoxicated individual is or is not a chronic alcoholic. "tn the case of known chronic alcoholics, however, this problem raises a far more difficult legal issue. To some, the availability of the defense of chronic alcoholism still seems more properly an issue for the courts than for the police. "But more important, the community should not place the police in jeopardy in this way. There is no reason why the police should be ‘ burdened with the ignominious task of sweeping chronic inebriates off the public streets. I was recently called upon in the District of Columbia to assist a man who had been arrested 38 times since the Easter decision, When you take into consideration the amount of time he spent incarcerated in jail and in various hospitals, this amounted to 1 arrest for every 2 days that he appeared on public streets. Certainly, the answer to the Easter and Driver decisions is not just to arrest derelict alcoholics every day, duly bring them to trial and then immediately release them back on the streets without assistance, only to repeat the process over and over again. This succeeds only in speeding up the "revolving door," and in further persecution and degradation of chronic in- ebriates. It cannot contribute to the elimination of these abuses, as the Easter and Driver decisions demand. "In my opinion, the police can and should take two immediate steps to end the revolving door process, pending development of a broader community program that I will discuss later in this talk. First, they should assist any drunken person to his home, whenever that is possible. Second, where an individual is unable to take care of himself, the police should assist him to an appropriate public health facility where he can receive the necessary attention. Under no circumstances should they arrest known alcoholics time and time again. "The question arises, of course, whether the police may properly assume responsibility for intoxicated individuals and escort them to an appropriate public health facility to receive proper medical attention. If the inebriate does not consent, would the police incur liability for a false arrest? I have long been of the view that the police have duties of a civil nature, in addition to their responsibility for enforcing the criminal law. When a police- man escorts a heart attack victim to the hospital, he certainly is not arresting him, Thus, in my opinion, the police have both a right and a duty to take unwilling intoxicated citizens who appear to be unable to take care of themselves, whether or not they are alcoholics, to appropriate public health facilities. And I might Page 7 add that, in the oral argument in the Easter case, all 8 of the judges indicated agreement with this proposition. Nevertheless, law enforcement officers have expressed considerable apprehension about the possible liability of policemen for false arrest under these circumstances. Certainly, this question should be resolved immediately, preferably by enactment of state statutes, in order to lay the necessary legal foundation for the proper medical handling of alcoholics." The court procedure must also be modified. Again, the quotes are Peter Barton Hutt: “With regard to the judicial handling of chronic court inebriates, once a judge becomes aware, through any information of any kind, from any source, that a defendant charged with public intoxication may have available to him the defense of chronic alcoholism, he is, in my opinion, clearly obligated to make certain that the de- fense is adequately presented. Cases in the District of Columbia, involving the analogous defense of mental illness, hold that even if the defendant protests, the judge is required to inject the defense into the case sua sponte, which means of his own motion, to make certain that an innocent man is not convicted. Failure to do so is reversible error, as an abuse of the judge's discretion. And a decision handed down by the United States Supreme Court in March of this year is wholly consistent with this position. There is no reason why these precedents should not be equally applicable to the defense of chronic alcoholism. "This means, of course, increased responsibility for the judiciary. Under the Easter and Driver decisions, each trial judge is obli- gated to take affirmative action to bring an immediate end to the traditional "revolving door" handling of the chronic court inebri- ate in his court. No judge, in my opinion, may properly remain neutral, simply waiting for a defendant to raise the defense of alcoholism. "Indeed, statistics I have reviewed suggest that, throughout the country, approximately 90-95 per cent of the drunkenness offenders who appear before the courts have serious drinking problems. In my judgment, this statistic in itself places upon trial judges an obligation to inquire into the possibility of the defense of chronic alcoholism for virtually every drunkenness offender who appears in the courts, A failure to undertake this inquiry amounts, in my view, to a derogation of judicial responsibility. "This also means the demise of the so-called court honor or proba- tionary programs for alcoholics which have sprung up all over the country as the judiciary's ad hoc answer to the failure of public health officials to treat alcoholism as a disease, If a defendant is found to be eligible for a court alcoholic program, then obvi- ously he should not be convicted in the first place. The Easter Page 8 and Driver decisions are, in my judgment, fundamentally in conflict with any type of judicially-sponsored post-conviction program for the treatment of alcoholism. However benevolent such programs may be, constitutionally they are a thing of the past. For my part, I shall be very happy to see the courts step aside in this area, and to see public health officials take over problems which they should have taken over many years ago. Legislation to provide for involuntary commitment of alcoholic until rehabilitation process is complete. Should be on a health and treatment basis rather than through courts with penal approach. The responsibilities of the state and local communities must be defined and clarified. The responsibility of after-care when the patient has been released from the hospital should be determined. Who follows-up--the state or local community? B. Treatment Facilities 1. Intake Center and Detoxification Unit Before any kind of evaluation, diagnosis or therapy can begin, it is necessary that the individual be detoxified as quickly and as safely as possible so that the effects of acute intoxification are no longer present. There is no doubt that the hospital is the best setting for such treatment. Emergency measures are at hand, the staff is available and all nécessary equipment is there. In Fulton and DeKalb County, Grady Memorial Hospital seems to be the logical place for a Detoxification Center. It is authorized to take care of emergencies, it has space and is conveniently located. It does take care of alcoholics in its emergency clinic. Exper- ience has shown that there is very little difficulty encountered in treating alcoholics. Records of hospitals that have admitted these patients will confirm the report that most of these patients offer no more difficulty than any other sick person. It is diffi- cult to estimate how many beds Atlanta would need to take care of the problem to a fairly adequate degree. St. Louis, Missouri, opened a 30-bed unit to serve the entire city. Officials reported that in the first two months of operation, the station operated at or near capacity with only the alcoholics from two police districts. It is obvious that if facilities exist they will be used. Based on the St. Louis experience, which was concerned with a lower rate of arrests than Atlanta has, it is felt that approx- imately 100 beds would be needed. Staff for 24 hour duty would be required. This would mean: 9 registered nurses, 9 licensed practical nurses, 15 attendants (nurses aides or orderlies). Exact plans would have to be worked out in detail with Grady Mem- orial Hospital and other professional people who are concerned and working with the problem, Page 9 Inpatient Diagnostic-Evaluation Center Following the individual's detoxification, he could be transferred to an inpatient diagnostic-evaluation center where a complete work-up could be prepared on his medical, social, occupational, family and other personal history. This could conceivably be the present City Prison Farm, which, when alcoholics can no longer be incarcerated there, would have room. Alterations and modifications in the structure would have to be made, but this would not present much of a problem. The Center should have a multi-disciplinary team approach. Its staff should consist of medical, psychiatric, psychological, ‘social work, vocational, and rehabilitation personnel, The indiv- idual would stay approximately 5 or 6 days or until plans were complete for future treatment. It is hoped that as much as possible treatment would be on a voluntary basis and that commitment would be only used when abso- lutely necessary. Full cooperation and willingness of the indiv- idual to undergo treatment would facilitate the rehabilitative process. Outpatient Rehabilitative Treatment The success of the Emory University Vocational Rehabilitation Alcohol Project demonstrates that these men can be treated suc- cessfully in an outpatient setting. Even those who will become only partially self-sustaining should be treated as those who eventually will be fully rehabilitated. The most important and unique feature of the proposed method of treating the chronic alcoholic court offender is based on the recognition that these individuals are totally dependent upon others to take care of them. Knowing and accepting this makes the task of rehabilitation less difficult and more certain. Any outpatient service should be based on the Emory Project and its experience should be fully utilized. The service should use a multi-disciplinary approach. Represented on the staff should be vocational rehabilitation counselors, social workers, clinical psychologists, chaplains, physicians and psychiatrists. The main emphasis in rehabilitation should be on “reaching out” for the clients rather than the traditional waiting for the client to request services. This reaching out is necessary be- cause of the passive, dependent nature of the alcoholic. Once he is involved in the rehabilitation process, he must be contin- uously supported until his total dependency can be changed so that he is sufficiently independent to function in society and to maintain employment. Page 10 Inpatient Extended Care Program-Rehabilitative Service The Georgia Health Code Act No. 936 (H.B. 162) 1964 session of the General Assembly, 88-403, states: "The administrative responsibility for alcoholic rehabilitation as provided herein shall be vested in the Department of Health. The Department of Health shall study the problem of alcoholism, including methods and facilities available for the care, custody, detention, treatment, employment, and rehabilitation of alcohol- ics. The Department of Health shall promote meetings for the discussion of the problems confronting clinics and agencies engaged in the treatment of alcoholics and shall disseminate in- formation on subject of alcoholism for the assistance and guid- ance of residents and courts of the State. The Department of Health is hereby authorized to establish and maintain hospitals, clinics, institutions, outpatient stations, farms, or other fac- ilities for the care, custody, control, detention, treatment, employment, and rehabilitation of alcoholics, and is further authorized to accept for care and custody alcoholics voluntarily applying for treatment or ordered hospitalized by court order as hereinafter provided, and is further authorized to confine and detain such alcoholics for treatment and rehabilitation." This, then, definitely places the responsibility on public health and any planning should be done with this in mind. Also, as with all other phases of the plan, this should be integrated and co- ordinated with the state and local plans for mental health. In a conference Community Council’ staff had with the State Mental Health Division, it was pointed out that it was the policy of the Mental Health Division to require that all local mental health programs should include some provision for the care or handling of chronic alcoholics, The exact methods to be utilized are not specified, but this problem must be considered and pro- vided for in some manner in any mental health program at the local level. Dr. Donald Spille, Executive Director of the Met- ropolitan Atlanta Mental Health Association, Inc., is a member of the Community Council's Committee on Alcoholism and will help keep the Committee advised on mental health program plans. The inpatient extended care rehabilitative service could be part of a regional hospital or a center by itself. The stress should be on rehabilitation to prepare the individual to be a self- sustaining member of society. Treatment techniques should include: a. Counseling and evaluation b. Physical therapy c. Work therapy d. Group therapy Page ll e. Self government f. Lectures and films g. Drug therapy h. Recreation therapy i. Pastoral counseling Specific plans should be developed by experts in the field. At present, we have the Georgian Clinic located in Atlanta and supported by the Georgia Department of Public Health. Fees charged to the patient are based on income, It is a 50-bed resi- dent patient hospital and also provides day care and night care. This serves all residents of Georgia and the patient must be free of alcohol for 24 to 48 hours. There are also a few private ‘hospitals or sanatoriums that accept chronic alcoholics but fac- ilities are extremely limited and almost nonexistent for those who cannot pay. C. Supportive Services Lig Housing - a great many of these individuals have no place to live, Some need temporary shelter while undergoing treatment. Some place must be provided for them which will give them support and keep them from drinking. Others will need more permanent arrangements if they cannot return to their own homes or live independently. The following are some of the kinds of housing that are recom- mended: a. Hostel - a semi-institution preferably in town. Should have a structured program with some medical personnel in attend- ance. Can be large, serving several hundred individuals. There is nothing like this in Atlanta, b. Halfway homes - smaller, more individual, less structured. St. Jude's House, Inc., is at present the only halfway house in Atlanta. It is supported by rents from residents, contri- butions from churches, individuals and foundations. It has beds for 40 residents and provides meals for an indefinite period of time in a protective setting. The men must be 20 years and older, must have an arrest record for drunken- ness, must be screened psychologically and physically by the Emory University Alcohol Project. They must also be suitable for employment. ec. Shelters for homeless men that include alcoholics. The Atlanta Union Mission which is supported by individual contributions and fees. The Mission provides shelter, food,  Page 12 clothes, Christian counsel and employment for indigent men. On the average, 200 men are taken care of per night. Approximately 85% of these are alcoholics, The Salvation Army provides over 700 men with shelter a week. About 90% of these are alcoholic. It does not accept anyone in a severe drunken state since no medication or special treatment is available. These are sent by cab to Grady Hospital or turned over to the police. The men from the Emory Project will occupy a special section. The Army staff is responsible for giving the medication prescribed and will see that the men cooperate with treatment. Women alcoholics are housed at 242 Boulevard, N.E. Since August, 1966, there have been 4. Women are always referred to Grady Hos- pital, the Emory Project or the Georgian Clinic. Individual rooming houses or hotels. The Emory University Alcohol Project now has a staff member developing these facilities. With help and supervision, many of these places could be made accept- able, kept from deteriorating and provide pleasant places to live. In most of the "flop houses" and cheap hotels, the man is exposed to other drinkers and the atmosphere is not conducive to a healthy state of mind. Social clubs where individual can go when not in treatment or when not working. A.A. meetings provide a form of this. Facility for individual who cannot be rehabilitated but will always remain partially dependent on treatment. Social improve- ment, even if it implies dependency upon the hospital, is per- haps the most that can be expected as a goal of therapy for this group. 1) Farm where he can be self-supporting. 2) Work outside of facilities with aid of treatment, but return to facility for night and free time. Atlanta Union Mission Rehabilitation Farm for alcoholics and the aged will open in May. It will house 32 alcoholics to begin with and the master plan calls for 64, In order to be acceptec, the client must be without a drink for at least 48 hours, sign a statement of his own free will of intent to stay a minimum of 60 days, to cooperate with the staff and its program of worship, work and education. The client will not be permitted to leave the mission farm for the first 2 weeks and afterwards only when accompanied by Mission Farm personnel. There will be a charge of $62.50 per month for every man. However, his ability to pay will not determine his acceptance. Page 13 2. Financial Assistance - part of society's basic obligation is to pro- vide for the destitute. This allows them income while undergoing treatment and supplements income of those who need permanent care. The Fulton County Department of Family & Children Services cooperate completely with the existing facilities for treatment of the chronic alcoholic. The individual receives temporary financial assistance as long as he is cooperating and undergoing treatment. The Special Service Section, which carries a reduced caseload, takes care of most of the alcoholics so that they can be given more intensive case work. When an individual applies for financial help and is an alco- holic, every attempt is made to get him to treatment. Public’ Education Public apathy has been one of the most severe obstacles in working with the chronic alcoholic court of fender. As a rule, he is a forgotten man, relegated to a flop house or prison and given up as a hopeless case. He remains a burden to society and is one of the most important contributors to the reservoir of poverty in this country. Once the public understands and its interest is aroused, the resulting action can become a powerful force in accomplishing a constructive objective. A public education program should concern itself with the following aspects: 1. Develop community leadership to alert people to the needs and poten- tial of an adequate and sympathetic approach to the problem. 2. Acknowledging that alcoholism is a public health problem and, there- fore, a public responsibility. 3. Showing that the penal approach to the public alcoholic is expensive and inhumane. It has only perpetuated the problem and in no way eased it. 4. Demonstrating that there is no simple solution. That treatment of the public alcoholic to be effective and lasting requires coordina- tion of services and a combination of many resources and programs. 5. Understanding of the public alcoholic and homeless individual. 6. Explaining of problems arising in developing programs and service. a. Legal and legislative b. Economics or funding c. Facilities and services that have to be developed 7. Describing and explaining kind of comprehensive plan Atlanta needs, elements involved and how we go about implementing such a plan. Page 14 A public education program should be directed at public officials, special interest groups, as well as the general public. The Metropolitan Atlanta Council on Alcoholism, working with the Commun- ity Council, could be the motivating force behind an education program. Central Registry and Information Retrieval The full extent of Atlanta's alcoholic problems is not known. The United States Public Health Service considers alcoholism the fourth most serious health problem in the country and the picture in Atlanta is most likely no different than that in any other city. According to the national average, it is estimated that there are from 20,000 to 25,000 alcoholics in Metropolitan Atlanta. This is far from a complete number for statis- tics are not available for those using private facilities and for those that never come to the attention of the public. We know that in 1965, 48,783 arrests were made in Atlanta involving drunkenness. We have these isolated figures but nothing complete, and some agency should be charged with the responsibility of keeping accurate statistics on alco- holics and facilities available for rehabilitation. In addition, the need for a central clearing house has been felt by many agencies. Alcoholics seek help in many places and often at the same time, and there is no way of knowing where they have been or what treat- ment they have received. A central clearing house or central registry cannot succeed, however, unless it receives the full cooperation of all participating agencies. The Metropolitan Atlanta Council on Alcoholisn might be able to organize one under a epecsat grant so that money would be available for trained staff. Staff Training Before any kind of service or program can be instituted, personnel on all levels must be available. At the present, there is a severe short- age of staff and there is a pressing need for training in the field. Inducements must be made so that individuals will be interested in work- ing in the area of alcoholism. All facilities and programs concerned with the treatment of the alcoholic should be involved with the training program and this should again be coordinated with the State's comprehen- sive plan for mental illness of which training is an important part. The Georgian Clinic has an extensive training program which could be ex- panded. The Clinic could possibly act as the coordinating agency for a training program. Evaluation For a program of this kind, there should be a built-in system of evalu- ation of services. Only on the basis of such an evaluation would we be Page 15 able to strengthen and develop the program, accomplish any worthwhile long-range planning, and establish accurate guidelines for the further development of the program. The Research Division of the Community Council will help develop the evaluation and the plan for it will be incorporated in the final report. Commu nity Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc.  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 12 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/7bea6a4d44a36e869405240198476b8e.pdf 8e774d072a0629611834b0dd4acc6c02 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. l JAMES L. MCGOVERN l i E X ECUTI V E D I RECTOR I ' METROPOLITAN ATLANTA COMMISSION ON CRIME AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY, INC. 52 FAIRLIE STR EE T A TLA NTA, G EORGIA 30303 524-3869 April 10, 1967 Honorable Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor of the City of Atlanta 204 City Hall Atlanta, Georgia Dear Mayor Allen: - --2 - - - ---· The Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. ----a.n~ the Metropolitan Atlanta Commission on Crime and Juvenile Delinquency, Inc. are co-sponsoring a meeting to be held Tuesday, April 18 at 3:00 p.m. in the conference room of the Trust Company of Geor g ia to discuss the problem of the chronic a lcoholic court o f fender. We feel that such a conference at this time is imperative in view of the recent decisions of the federal Courts of Appeal which held that the chronic alcoholic should not be confined as a criminal but rath e r should be t re at e d as one in need o f me dic a l a ss is tanc e . Enclosed is a l ist o f tho se pers o ns invi t e d to attend this meeting as well as some materi a l relating to the problem { of the alcoholic and a tr e atment plan prepared b y the Communit y Council. We are hop eful t h a t a n ov e r a ll pl a n in whic h t h e repr e sent a t ives o f the City, County a n d S t a t e will pa rti cipa t e wil l be f o rt h coming . Your s L. McGovern JLM: ls Enclosure � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document JAMES L. MCGOVERN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR eee ee METROPOLITAN ATLANTA COMMISSION ON CRIME AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY, INC. 52 FAIRLIE STREET ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303 524-3869 April 10, 1967 Honorable Ivan Allen, Jr. Y wh Mayor of the City of Atlanta “ Sil 204 City Hall Atlanta, Georgia ean Dear Mayor Allen: The Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc:~and_ the Metropolitan Atlanta Commission on Crime and Juvenile ~ Delinquency, Inc. are co-sponsoring a meeting to be held Tuesday, April 18 at 3:00 p.m. in the conference room of the Trust Company of Georgia to discuss the problem of the chronic alcoholic court offender. We feel that such a conference at this time is imperative in view of the recent decisions of the federal Courts of Appeal which held that the chronic alcoholic should not be confined as a criminal but rather should be treated as one in need of medical assistance. Enclosed is a list of those persons invited to attend this meeting as well as some material relating to the problem of the alcoholic and a treatment plan prepared by the Community Council. We are hopeful that an overall plan in which the repre- sentatives of the City, County and State will participate will be forthcoming. Yours very t . ; i é mes L. McGovern JLM:1s Enclosure  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 11 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969 https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/c6e2b519542b12faf739a9404a3cb609.pdf d375f22422ffe6d7f7f70cc8b035fbb4 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. l f:.1·:.!. lI I 'I I ·! NEW SLOT FOR THE VOLUNTEER A Talk With Joyce Black and Dr. Timothy Costello Waiting for a bus or subway th~t · role in city government. To find out and what the Board of Estimate does, never comes, sending a child ·off to a if similar bureaus could be used to adbut the subtle kinds of things: Why school that doesn't open, or trying to does it take so long to get things done? . vantage in Detroit, Chicago, Los Ankeep warm in an apartment that has Why can't you always solve a problem geles, or even in Waterloo, Iowa, we in the most ration~! way? Sometimes no heat is all part of everyday life in met with Dr. Costello and Mrs. Black there are community blocks and politiNew York City. But, a new form of in the Deputy Mayor's office, and we cal considerations that are quite legitigovernment, which New Yorkers have asked them: come to· think of as " the Lindsay mate but keep you from doing things Why do you11se volunteers in New York's style," has emerged. By efficiently in what my wife would say is the city government? common-sense way. using an almost untapped resource Dr. Costello: I think there is a simple known as "volunteer power," the naDo volunteers need any special skills? answer and a. subtle answer. The simtion's largest and most problem~prone Dr. Costello: Volunteerism is a very, ple answer is that we need to render city is surviving the urban crisis. perhaps ten times as many service.s as very sensitive activity requiring proBack in 1965, when the Federal govwe're able to with the amount of civil ernment first launched its "war on fessional skills. One of the skills re- . quired is learning to build a demand service people w~ have. Beyond that, poverty," New York City's Economic for volunteer help that doesn't outdo Opportunity Committee (the local advolunteers bring something that you your-supply, and that doesn't produce ministrative anti-poverty agency) cannot get from the person whose serfound itself inundated with offers a demand in agencies where volunteers / vices you're buying. They bring spirit, of help from numerous individuals and don' t belong and won't be properly I a sense of dedication, freedom from used. The desirable thing would be to organizations. Mrs. Ruth Hagy Brod, j being captured by procedures, motivathen an EOC staff member, was asked have a Director of Volunteers in every 1 tion and willingness to wor_ k - someto channel these offers into neighboragency of city government who would I times under conditions where you hood anti-poverty agencies. report to us on what the agency is l couldn't pay someone else to work. The complexities of the city made looking for. We're flooded with deI don't know if this concept is origMrs. Brod'3 task a monumentally commands from agencies, many of which inal with me, but for a little while, for '.·plicated one and an advisory comwe don't want to meet because they're a long while maybe, many people felt mittee of community leaders was soon not suitable, and many of which we that New York was such a big, sophis'.f ormed to assist her in conducting a can't meet because we just haven't got ticated, cosmopolitan town, that it was study of the patterns and potentials of an adequate s~pply of volunteers. nobody's home town. But that's not /volunteerism in New York City. The the way people feel now. They're beHow does the VCC work with city · result of their study was this: Antiagencies? ginning to feel that it ·is their home poverty agencies were unable to absorb town ; they want to be involved in it; Mrs. Black: We tried to divide the any significant number of volunteers, they want to do something for it. This Council's activities into two sectors, but there was a great potential for is true of big business and it's also true with program development in _b oth the them in almost every d~£i!!~ent of of the people living in Staten Island, public- sector and in the private, nonci_!¥__$0Vemment. Out of this study, the Queens, or Manhattan. They want to profit sector - better known as the VE!.u,n~ C:02@.~at~ _g Co1:1_~~!1.- the say "I'm doing something for my city." volunteer sector. If an agency desires - f!!_~ cent~al vo~n~er bureau_to_be coMrs. Black: We hope this kind of proour advice in developing volunteer si:onsored by city__ g!)verz.:,.men,t..ill.d..th_e gram will be duplicated in other cities programs, we 'a re available, and we voluntary sector - was born. for similar reasons. Once you're in· - rn December 1966, the VCC was also will seek them out if we feel that volved with a city in the public s·ector, officiaily inaugurated by Mayor Lindthere should be a use of volunteers you understand many things that you say. Deputy Mayor Timothy Costello there. We've been very fortunate in never understood before, and you can was named Chairman, and Mrs. Hiram New York because we do have an uninterpret th em to the community in a D. Black (AJLA's Director of Region derstanding administration and a Depmuch· better way. · III) was named Co-Chairman. Mrs. uty Mayor who took us under his Brod was appointed Director. Dr. Costello: Maybe the point that wing. The Council h as to fi t into a slot During the first two years of its is being made is a lesson in civics. I \ 1 in the city; this type of program -just operation, the VCC h as played a vital don't mean just where City Hall is, 11 c°an't--be off bii"its ""'o~w=n~.- -- - - l 14 �I Dr. Costello: That's right, you simply What docs the VCC do? th Mrs. Black: It does two things. It re· can't graft it on to something at is not receptive to it. It won't work. The . emits volunteers interviews them and 'CC is kind of a prototype; we're try-( ) ) re~h~~tot~i!ditiqnal ;;;-no~t~a~ m~ to :~courage c~llege st~dents _a nd '---' ditio~~l ·settii'-i~, d;pencling on what umvers1hes to contribute their services, k.m d o f service · th ey wan t t o d o an d , but this won't work unless you ve got -. . __ w h a t th e1r · h ours are. Bu t 1·t a1so 1s · a receptivity in the top level of admini-' d I t k " d f · 1 r;z_ program- eve opmen m o agency. • • strahon all the way down. the ~ D.___ - M · ay b e th e term ;,-mar~ . lme. r. C_os t-e1·-1o: riage maker" ought to come into this Does the VCC suggest projects or placement for volunteers in other agencies? picture, too, because Ruth Brod and the Dr. Costello: Yes . It creates them. people around her are frequently matchmakers. There might be some You've got a creative gro~p of volu'~group who have ideas for something to teers who suggest things either because they have an idea or because I do, but they haven't got the resources. somebody comes in and says: "Look, _, 1 They may not have a .bus to provide this is what I can do; is there any place I transportation, they may not have the I can do it?" That's how VCC promoney to . underwrite something, or grams begin. You look for some place they may not have access to somewhere the volunteer can do what he thing. So Mrs. Brod finds somebody wants to do. That's pretty much what who has what the group needs and happened with Riker's Island_ am I puts them together. For example, in correct, Joyce? Operation Suburbia, she put the famMrs. Black: Yes. When men are reilies in ghettos .and the families in leased from prison _ from Riker' s suburban areas together, and she put Island - very often they come out the coffee house people (See Junior without anything: withouf a family, League Magazine, Sep t.I O ct. '68) towithout funds, without a heavy winter gether with some people who had coat. Ruth Brod was telling me the money. The Council is always trying other day that she had to get a winter to spin programs off. _j__ _ coat for one of the men. He couldn't Mrs. Black: We act as a ~atalyst. And I think this is a word that we should get a job either, because no one wants use more and more because volunteer to give a job to a newly-released pris, organizations are not going in where oner. In a sense, the volunteer involved they're not wanted. Not only do we with these men is going to be involved have to be asked to participate J:mt we in the buddy system. Each prisoner, also work with the people in the innerwhen he is released, is now being met city by not inflicting or imposing any by one of our staff people and taken of our thinking upon them. This is to a place where he is employed or certainly the way of the future, and trained by a union. We also find a it's the way they want it. place for him to live, and give him pocket money obtained from private Many city agencies are· ' troubled with sources to supplement him until he gets quick changeover of personnel, money difficulties, and a host of other problems. his welfare check, which isn't for two Does this make it more difficult for you weeks after. he is released. to find volunteers to work with them? Dr. Costello: This is exactly where vol-: unteerism comes in. There is no com-i ivlrs. Black: Not really. We do not put bination of services that the city can 1 volunteers into a situation wher·e there I is no one to supervise and train them. provide which would do all of these The Council doesn' t actually train volthings: that is, reach out and obtain a unteers; the t_raining is. done in the job, worry about whether the man has individual agencies.· If we went into a coat or carfare, worry about where , t~ n~g, wi?d have to have a couple he is going to sleep or eat. Because 1 of hundred people on the staff. W e these men sometidies fail - they don't give them only a ~11 .o rientation to report for duty, or they goof off - the volunteers go back and talk them into .' the fiel~ _of volunteerjsm: . trying again. There's no service like _.Dr. Costello: Som~times the word "volthat. You simply can't buy that kind of unteer" applies to a group of people service anywhere. who are part of the target population 16 ... _ _ ~-I. i:' ...--. ,' ·~: ' I ·-, ./: ,, themselves. That is, they have an idea, and they want to do something. So you don't send white middle-class people into that neighborhood to help those people. They are already there, they just need a little support, a little money, a little access, a little building, a little equipment, or whatever, to continue their own volunt~ry efforts in their community. And that's · a new kind·of volunteerism. I know Ruth was very upset one day when I suggested that maybe you couldn't ask poor people to volunteer; they are too busy. And she said, "You can't deny them the opportunity to be part of a volunteer program. Now you may have to provide carfare occasionally, or a little baby-sitting money, but you've got to give them the chance to give something as well as to take something." Have any of your volunteers had problems in the inner-city areas? Mrs. Black: We haven't had trouble because we simply don't send anybody unless they're truly wanted and 9 sked for. Of course, the other thing is that if. we were sending some volunteer for a specific reason - into part of the Haryou complex, for example we would most likely send a black person in who probably would be acc-epted. This is a complex situation. Dr. Costello: No p sychiatrist would ever attempt to treat a patient unless II �all over the place: in the Rent and Rehabilitation Department; in the Po~ lice Department, in the M ayor's Action Center - everyplace. _ ,r~ What do you see for the future? In what direction do you see the Council moving? -t Mrs. Black: One of our goals is to have ' . 'r it move into other. cities. Our first phase of operation is over - th~p_h_ase · - in the publi~ sector.- Now--;-·t1:1.e second / --phase is to more fully develop prog) am.s in ~ hich the volun_'.eer sector ' '---/4.nd t ti[""puolic;__sector. cooper_<!te. I see ·· -· · the -VCC moving more and more in / the direction of coop erative prog~~s. r' I also see it moving into more programs in the inner-city and into areas where no one has ever before thought of using volunteers. In the future, we want a main office in the heart of the city at City Hall, the patient wanted help, and I think and then we plan to d·ecentralize. We'll the same rock-bottom principle applies keep our central off.ice, but we also to volunteer assistance - you don't hope to have Borough offices. Our impose it on anyone who hasn't asked most recent proposal asks for fund s to for it. That is not to say that yoi:t don't establish the Borough. oJfices on a mocultivate the demand . You don't sit with a fubile ~'nit going bile basis, back in your ivory tower and wait for around recruiting and int ervie~ ng . people to come. It wouldn't happen We feel° thatthis .. would be less· exlike that. Nor would we send anybody pensive than opening an office in each down to Harlem and say, "Here are Borough. We've got a lot "of people in some people; they' re eager; they talk Queens 0 ho don't want to volunteer English. Can't you use them?" No in Brooklyn or in Manhattan and vice good, it wouldn't happen that way. versa. We need Borough offices .in Does the Council do a lot of work with order to reach all the people who really any of the new-line poverty agencies such want to volunteer. Maybe next year as the Urban Coalition? we can tell you that we have decenMrs. Black: We h ave been working tralized. Or maybe in a couple of years . with Urban Coalition, and Mrs . Brod Do you feel that the Council has become ha.s been developing volunteer proa fairly needed component in dty govern~ grams with them. Because it's just ment? (You probably can't call it essential getting off the ground, the Urban Coabecause volunteers are certainly not an lition hasn't been as involved with essential component.) volunteers as they wished to be, or Dr. Costello: If y ou talk about good hope to be in the future. _Eventu ally government in the largest sense - inthey want to have a pretty strong volving people, and reducing the guilt volunteer program, and they've recentthat people feel, giving them the ly hired a D~ :_ctor of Volunteers. chance to contribute. things that you WJiat about MEND or UPACA or any of can' t buy - then -it's essential. N ow the grass roots community organizations? if you're talking abou t the minimum society, where you just get a minimum Mrs. Black : Yes, we h a"e worked with of services, and minimum involvement t he comm uni t y organ i zati on s from citizens, then of course it's not UPACA is one. But don't forget we are essential. But in terms of good spi rit, also working within th e city in public people for departments . When we started, we morale, and the capacity getting to know the other side cif life only had volunteers in the hospitals and in the schools . Now we have them both sides - then I think volunteerism ,~ \ .;;: 6 of is essential for the health of society. No doubt about it. Would it be safe to say that you think volunteers are becoming a more important part of society? Dr. Costello, I certainly do. I've been reading Herman Kahn's book, The Year 2,000, and he says that increasingly we are not only developing primary occupations and secondary occupations, but also tertiary occupations. Woman's prime role is becoming less central to her life, and less capable of satisfying her full range of interests. Mgst of us are going to have to find volunteer activities in order to fulfill all the capacities and needs we have. It's going to become Increasingly important, not only in terms of what the city needs, but in terms of what the individual needs. People are getting less personal satisfaction than they used to because they're becoming mechanized or automated; the human element is taken out of them. You have that kind of a job; so you earn your living that way. But you really satisfy yourself on what you plan to do on a voluntary basis, because you've got some command of what is going to take place there. Do ·you think the role of the volunteer in government will be increasing - not just in New York City, but in other cities, and possibly on the national level? Dr. Costello: We distinguish ourselves from the. national level because certainly it' s hard to bring volunteers from all over the country to Washington. And the · Federal government · doesn' t get represented in any dramatic way at the city level. I think the cities are the places where you can r eally do ~ - I -~-;uld °"s-ay that ihvecanget other cities to do what we've been doing, and if we can continue to build relationships between different segments of society by h aving volunteers from these various groups work together, then we've made a mighty contribution. You can legislate integration. You can kind of force it by housing. But the real integration comes wh en people ch oose to work together on a problem and solve common goals. And, this is something th at can be accomplished by volunteerism alone. Barbara Bo nat and Christine Rodriguez 17 I � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document NEW SLOT FOR THE VOLUNTEER A Talk With Joyce Black and Dr. Timothy Costello Waiting for a bus or subway that - never comes, sending a child off to a school that doesn’t open, or trying to keep warm in an apartment that has no heat is all part of everyday life in New York City. But, a new form of government, which New Yorkers have come to think of as “the Lindsay style,” has emerged. By efficiently using an almost untapped resource known as “volunteer power,” the na- tion’s largest and most problem-prone city is surviving the urban crisis. Back in 1965, when the Federal gov- ernment first launched its “war on poverty,” New York City’s Economic Opportunity Committee (the local ad- ministrative anti-poverty agency) found itself inundated with offers of help from numerous individuals and organizations. Mrs. Ruth Hagy Brod, then an EOC staff member, was asked to channel these offers into neighbor- hood anti-poverty agencies, The complexities of the city made Mrs. Brod’s task a monumentally com- ‘plicated one and an advisory com- mittee of community leaders was soon formed to assist her in conducting a ‘study of the patterns and potentials of volunteerism in New York City. The result of their study was this: Anti- poverty agencies were unable to absorb any significant number of volunteers, but there was a great potential for them in almost every department of city government. Out of this study, the Volunteer Coordinating Council — the ~| first central volunteer bureau to 0 be co- sponsored by city government and the voluntary sector — was born. In December 1966, the VCC was officially inaugurated by Mayor Lind- say. Deputy Mayor Timothy Costello was named Chairman, and Mrs. Hiram D. Black (AJLA’s Director of Region III) was named Co-Chairman. Mrs. Brod was appointed Director. During the first two years of its operation, the VCC has played a vital 14 role in city government. To find out if similar bureaus could be used to ad- vantage in Detroit, Chicago, Los An- geles, or even in Waterloo, Iowa, we met with Dr. Costello and Mrs. Black in the Deputy Mayor’s office, and we asked them: Why do you use volunteers in New York's city government? Dr. Costello: I think there is a simple answer and a.subtle answer. The sim- ple answer is that we need to render perhaps ten times as many services as we're able to with the amount of civil service people we have. Beyond that, volunteers bring something that you cannot get from the person whose ser- vices you’re buying. They bring spirit, \a sense of dedication, freedom from | being captured by procedures, motiva- | tion and willingness to work — some- times under conditions where you couldn’t pay someone else to work. I don’t know if this concept is orig- inal with me, but for a little while, for a long while maybe, many people felt that New York was such a big, sophis- ticated, cosmopolitan town, that it was nobody’s home town. But that’s not the way people feel now. They’re be- ginning to feel that it is their home town; they want to be involved in it; they want to do something for it. This is true of big business and it’s also true of the people living in Staten Island, Queens, or Manhattan. They want to say “I’m doing something for my city.” Mrs. Black: We hope this kind of pro- gram will be duplicated in other cities for similar reasons. Once you’re in- volved with a city in the public sector, you understand many things that you never understood before, and you can interpret them to the community ina much’ better way. Dr. Costello: Maybe the point that is being made is a lesson in civics. I don’t mean just where City Hall is, é and what the Board of Estimate does, but the subtle kinds of things: Why does it take so long to get things done? | Why can’t you always solve a problem in the most rational way? Sometimes there are community blocks and politi- cal considerations that are quite legiti- mate but keep you from doing things in what my wife would say is the common-sense way. Do volunteers need any special skills? Dr. Costello: Volunteerism is a very, very sensitive activity requiring pro- fessional skills. One of the skills re- quired is learning to build a demand for volunteer help that doesn’t outdo your supply, and that doesn’t produce a demand in agencies where volunteers don’t belong and won’t be properly used. The desirable thing would be to have a Director of Volunteers in every agency of city government who would report to us on what the agency is looking for. We're flooded with de- mands from agencies, many of which we don’t want to meet because they’re not suitable, and many of which we can’t meet because we just haven’t got an adequate supply of volunteers. How does the VCC work with city agencies? Mrs. Black: We tried to divide the Council’s activities into two sectors, with program development in both the public sector and in the private, non- profit sector — better known as the volunteer sector. If an agency desires our advice in developing volunteer programs, we are available, and we also will seek them out if we feel that there should be a use of volunteers there. We've been very fortunate in New York because we do have an un- derstanding administration and a Dep- uty Mayor who took us under his wing. The Council has to fit into a slot in the city; this type of program just | can't be off on its own, — i is aes may ed A et Dr. Costello: That’s right, you simply can’t graft it on to something that is not receptive to it. It won't work. The VCC is kind of a prototype; we're try-, ing to encourage college students and — universities to contribute their services, but this won’t work unless you've got _ receptivity in the top level of admini-, stration all the way down the line. Does the VCC suggest projects or place- ment for volunteers in other agencies? Dr. Costello: Yes. It creates them. You've got a creative group > of volun- teers who suggest things either be- cause they have an idea or because somebody comes in and says: “Look, this is what I can do; is there any place | I can do it?” That’s how VCC pro- grams begin. You look for some place where the volunteer can do what he wants to do. That’s pretty much what happened with Riker’s Island — am I correct, Joyce? Mrs. Black: Yes. When men are re- leased from prison — from Riker’s Island — very often they come out without anything: without a family, without funds, without a heavy winter coat. Ruth Brod was telling me the other day that she had to get a winter coat for one of the men. He couldn’t get a job either, because no one wants to give a job to a newly-released pris- oner. In a sense, the volunteer involved with these men is going to be involved in the buddy system. Each prisoner, when he is released, is now being met by one of our staff people and taken to a place where he is employed or trained by a union. We also find a place for him to live, and give him pocket money obtained from private sources to supplement him until he gets his welfare check, which isn’t for two weeks after he is released. Dr. Costello: This is exactly where vol-' unteerism comes in. There is no com-. bination of services that the city can provide which would do all of these things: that is, reach out and obtain a _ job, worry about whether the man has 3 a coat or carfare, worry about where he is going to sleep or eat. Because these men sometimes fail — they don’t report for duty, or they goof off — the volunteers go back and talk them into trying again. There’s no service like that. You simply can’t buy that kind of service anywhere. 16 What does the VCC do? Mrs. Black: It does two things. It re- ~ cruits volunteers, interviews them, and ) jrefers them ‘to traditional or non-tra- ditional settings, depending on what kind of service they want to do and ~ what their hours are. But it also is a / 2 program- -development k kind of agency. "Dr Costello: Maybe the term “mar- riage maker” ought to come into this picture, too, because Ruth Brod and the people around her are frequently matchmakers. There might be some group who have ideas for something to do, but they haven’t got the resources. They may not have a bus to provide transportation, they may not have the money to underwrite something, or they may not have access to some- thing. So Mrs. Brod finds somebody who has what the group needs and puts them together. For example, in Operation Suburbia, she put the fam- ilies in ghettos and the families in suburban areas together, and she put the coffee house people (See Junior League Magazine, Sept./Oct. “68) to- gether with some people who had money. The Council is always trying to spin programs off. _| Mrs, Black: We act as a catalyst. And I think this is a word that we should use more and more because volunteer \organizations are not going in where they’re not wanted. Not only do we have to be asked to participate but we also work with the people in the inner- city by not inflicting or imposing any of our thinking upon them. This is certainly the way of the future, and it’s the way they want it. Many city agencies are ‘troubled with quick changeover of personnel, money difficulties, and a host of other problems. Does this make it more difficult for you to find volunteers to work with them? ‘Mrs. Black: Not really. We do not put ‘ volunteers into a situation where there is no one to supervise and train them. The Council doesn’t actually train vol- ' unteers; the training is, done in the \ individual agencies. If we went into ‘ training, we’d have to have a couple | of hundred people on the staff. We _ give them only a small orientation to the field of volunteerism. _Dr. Costello: Sometimes the word “vol- unteer” applies to a group of people who are part of the target population [os themselves. That is, they have an idea, and they want to do something. So you don’t send white middle-class people into that neighborhood to help those people. They are already there, they just need a little support, a little money, a little access, a little building, a little equipment, or whatever, to con- tinue their own voluntary efforts in their community. And that’s a new kindof volunteerism. I know Ruth was very upset one day when I suggested that maybe you couldn’t ask poor people to volunteer; they are too busy. And she said, “You can’t deny them the opportunity to be part of a volunteer program. Now you may have to provide carfare oc- casionally, or a little baby-sitting money, but you've got to give them the chance to give something as well as to take something.” Have any of your volunteers had prob- lems in the inner-city areas? Mrs. Black: We haven't had trouble because we simply don’t send anybody unless they’re truly wanted and asked for. Of course, the other thing is that if we were sending some volunteer for a specific reason — into part of the Haryou complex, for example — we would most likely send a black per- son in who probably would be ac- cepted. This is a complex situation. Dr. Costello: No psychiatrist would ever attempt to treat a patient unless a  : a irs the patient wanted help, and I think the same rock-bottom principle applies to volunteer assistance — you don’t impose it on anyone who hasn’t asked for it. That is not to say that you don’t cultivate the demand. You don’t sit back in your ivory tower and wait for people to come. It wouldn’t happen like that. Nor would we send anybody down to Harlem and say, “Here are some people; they’re eager; they talk English. Can’t you use them?” No good, it wouldn’t happen that way. Does the Council do a Jot of work with any of the new-line poverty agencies such as the Urban Coalition? Mrs. Black: We have been working with Urban Coalition, and Mrs. Brod has been developing volunteer pro- grams with them. Because it’s just getting off the ground, the Urban Coa- lition hasn’t been as involved with volunteers as they wished to be, or hope to be in the future. Eventually they want to have a pretty strong volunteer program, and they've recent- ly hired a Director of Volunteers. What about MEND or UPACA or any of the grass roots community organizations? Mrs. Black: Yes, we haye worked with the community organizations — UPACA is one. But don’t forget we are also working within the city in public departments. When we started, we only had volunteers in the hospitals and in the schools. Now we have them all over the place: in the Rent and Rehabilitation Department, in the Po- lice Department, in the Mayor's Action Center — everyplace. . What do you see for the Future? In what direction do you see the Council moving? Mrs. Black: One of our goals is to have it move into other cities. Our first ~ phase of operation is over — the phase dof, ere volunteer oe eae oe the publics sector cooperate. I see the VCC moving more and more in the direction of cooperative programs. I also see it moving into more pro- grams in the inner-city and into areas where no one has ever before thought of using volunteers. In the future, we want a main office in the heart of the city at City Hall, and then we plan to decentralize. We'll keep our central office, but we also hope to have Borough offices. Our most recent proposal asks for funds to establish the Borough. offices on a mo- bile basis, with a mobile unit going around recruiting and interviewing. We feel that this would be less ex- pensive than opening an office in each Borough. We’ve got a lot of people in Queens who don’t want to volunteer in Brooklyn or in Manhattan and vice versa. We need Borough offices .in order to reach all the people who really want to volunteer. Maybe next year we can tell you that we have decen- tralized, Or maybe in a couple of years. Do you feel that the Council has become a fairly needed component in city govern- ment? (You probably can’t call it essential because volunteers are certainly not an essential component.) Dr. Costello: If you talk about good government in the largest sense — in- volving people, and reducing the guilt that people feel, giving them the chance to contribute. things that you can’t buy — then-it’s essential. Now if you're talking about the minimum society, where you just get a minimum of services, and minimum involvement from citizens, then of course it’s not essential. But in terms of good spirit, morale, and the capacity of people for getting to know the other side of life — both sides — then I think volunteerism is essential for the health of society. No doubt about it. Would it be safe to say that you think volunteers are becoming a more impor- tant part of society? Dr. Costello: I certainly do. I’ve been reading Herman Kahn’s book, The Year 2,000, and he says that increas- ingly we are not only developing pri- mary occupations and secondary occu- pations, but also tertiary occupations. Woman’s prime role is becoming less central to her life, and less capable of satisfying her full range of interests. Most of us are going to have to find volunteer activities in order to fulfill all the capacities and needs we have. It’s going to become increasingly im- portant, not only in terms of what the city needs, but in terms of what the individual needs. People are getting less personal sat- isfaction than they used to because they’re becoming mechanized or auto- mated; the human element is taken out of them. You have that kind of a job; so you earn your living that way. But you really satisfy yourself on what you plan to do on a voluntary basis, be- cause you’ve got some command of what is going to take place there. Do you think the role of the volunteer in government will be increasing — not just in New York City, but in other cities, and possibly on the national level? Dr. Costello: We distinguish ourselves from the. national level because cer- tainly it’s hard to bring volunteers from all over the country to Washing- ton. And the’ Federal government doesn’t get represented in any dramatic way at the city level. I think the cities are the places where you can n really do things. I would say that if we can get other cities to do what we've been do- ing, and if we can continue to build relationships between different seg- ments of society by having volunteers from these various groups work to- gether, then we’ve made a mighty con- tribution. You can legislate integra- tion. You can kind of force it by hous- ing. But the real integration comes when people choose to work together on a problem and solve common goals. And, this is something that can be accomplished by volunteerism alone. Barbara Bonat and Christine Rodriguez 17 oa  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Box 3, Folder 15, Document 10 Box 3 Box 3 Folder 15 Folder topic: Community Council of the Atlanta Area | 1966-1969