1
20
99
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/6f807a665557e707df082bb02e870155.pdf
c2748ffe7bcf650d5517bb006be5721b
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
,
JONATHAN P . BRAUDE
4136 ROSE H I LL AVENUE
CINCINNATI, OHIO 452 2 9
lay 1 9 , 1967
Dear Sir,
I am a devot ed Braves fan and have been readi ng up on Atlant a .
The city has had a fi ne his-
tory of preventing r cia l trouble , but last Sept ember, as you are well aware of , there was a
sudden racial problem.
I would be v ery apprec-
iative if y ou would let me know what has taken
plac e in Atlanta (referri ng to r ac i a l probl ems)
since last September .
Th~nk y ou very muc h .
Sinc erely,
Jon Braude
�
Text
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JONATHAN P. BRAUDE
4136 ROSE HILL AVENUE
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45229
May 19, 1967
Dear Sir,
I am a devoted Braves fan and have been read-
ing up on Atlanta. The city has had a fine his-
tory of preventing racial trouble, but last Sep-
tember, as you are well aware of, there was a
sudden racial problem. I would be very apprec—
iative if you would let me know what has taken
place in Atlanta(referring to racial problems)
since last September. Thank you very much.
Sincerely,
don B Lerrole
don Braude
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Title
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Box 13, Folder 21, Document 98
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/56f9818ee5873aed8c4e562a4a5822af.pdf
f7efdd22c5bce709135c29a47fb78701
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
For lnstanre, while Ahmeo ran s, Aaolpl:i
Hitler" r oams. He is the bearded, long-haired
white youth wh'J commands the Deuces, a
local motorcycle club that is patterned on
• California's Hell's Angels and vows allegiance to George Lincoln Rockwell's American
Nazi Party. Dur ing last summer's Hough riot
the Deuces, decked out in Levis, animal-skin
vests and chromed Nazi helmets, roared
through the ghetto . flailing with chains at
Negroes. " This is probably the group around
which other white gangs will rally should an
outbreak occur," declares a social worker.
Both Ahmed and Adolph, and the circumstances that charge their activities with danger, are known to the police and presumably
to the man who sits atop the Cleveland powder
keg-Mayor Ralph Locher. Yet conversation
with city officia ls turns up little hope of pre·
venting n ew racial violence. Rather, discussion
centers on when, where a nd how it will occur.
Mayor Locher, a Democrat, up for reelec·
tlon next fall, tries hard to accentuate the positive. "We're progressing nicely on many
fronts," he says. But his optimism evaporates
when he is questioned about the possibility of
r iots this summer. "No mayor can guarantee
peace," he replies.
Others in the Locher administration and
private welfare-agency officials com e close to
predicting conflict. Mrs. Lolette Hanserd, a
director of the Welfare Federation , an organization coordinating the activities of the city's
social service agencies, has been receiving increasing reports of black and white gangs not
only organizing but arming. "If the Negroes
don't stir up trouble, then some whites may
be trigger-happy," she says forlornly.
An SOS to Washington
Most pessimi tic of all is the director of
Mr. Locher·s human r elations board, Bertram '
Gardner. He fears a n outbreak this summer
larger than last summer's. "I suspect that it
won' t be confined to th e Negro community,"
he says. "I'm afraid it will extend to the
white communities and downtown - not a massive movement but guerrilla warfare."
White neighborhoods n ext to Negro ghettos
share these fears . The Justice Department in
Washington already has r eceived an appeal
for help from a social worker in Murray Hill ,
known as "Little Italy," which has been selected by some Negroes as a target for demonstrations this summer. If this happens,
warns the sorial worker, "violence could
erupt." He adds plaintively: "Our experience
with local law-enforcing agencies has not been
as comforting as we would like."
Underlying such pessimism is the feeling
that much of Cleveland's attempt to deal with
its racial problems has fa iled, and that those
groups that might be expected to join in a
leadership effort are alienated from one another.
City Hall and the Federal Government are
at odds.
During the past 15 years or so, the city,
eighth largest in the U.S. with a 1960 population of 876,050, has drawn up plans for
a dozen urban renewal projects; it now surpaases all other metropolises in acreage
tabbed for renewal. Yet Cleveland has been
able to close the books on only one project.
a pace so slow that Housing and Urban Development Secretary Weaver has begun cutting oft the city's urban-renewal money. His
·'J,,,
Pl6asa Turn to Page 16, Column 2
•
�·voL. CLXIX NO. 50
Racial Powder Keg
Negro-White Hostility
Mounting in Cleveland
As City's Efforts Fail
Armed Youth Gangs Growing;
Mayor Blamed by Business,
Established Negro Leaders
CORE, Reds, Klan E ye City
By MONROE W. KAlij\1IN and DAVID
Sta // Re,po1·t6)"8 o/
VIENNA
Tim WALL STREET JOURNAL
CLEVELAND - To Ahmed, the high priest
of Negro militancy here, the white man is a
"bea.st" to be overcome. He predicts May 9
will be the "terrible day" that the anger of
this city's black ghetto erupts into violence partly because, by his calculations, that will
be the day when an eclipse of the sun darkens
th e sky.
,
Because of his devotion to astrology, Ahmed
Is dismissed by many white Cl evelanders who
doubt that astrology has any value. Besides,
Ahmed, whose real name is Fred Evans,
was arrested last week on charges of assault·
ing a police officer; he has been released on
$5,000 bond.
Nevertheless,
Ahmed's warnings
that
"blood must flow" and "some must die" are
gospel to a small but growing number of followers, who gather every other Thursday night
to hear him or other Negro radicals conduct
what they call "dialogues in black." And
though these sessions m ay be a muddle of
mysticism and menace, they are all too
symptomatic of the tensions that make this
city one of the n11tion 's leading racial trouble
spots. Even to 1;ome city officials, Cleveland's
Inability to make a significant start toward
coping with rar ial discontent seems to foreshadow a sequel , when the weather warms, to
last summer's five-day riot in the "tough
Hough" :;.!um that left four dead.
Fears In Washi ng1on
That also is the feeling of those In Washington who kPep watch on racial developments.
John A. Hannah, chairman of the U .S. Civil
Rights Commission, which hPld hearings here
last year, says lhe a ccounting of (Cleveland's)
accomplishments is very short, and the agenda
of Its unfinished business ls very long." Another civil rights specialist asserts that "what
makes Cleveland different from other cities"
in its potentiality for a racial explosion "is
its complete lack of effective leadership" on
the part of City Hall, the business community and the respon11iblP Negro organizations.
Thi11 le;idership vacuum and its effects are
apparent to anyone who peers behind the ' ty,,;ltlve Image " that Cleveland offirialrlom SPeks
to projer.t. OntsidP organizations ranging frnm
natinnal civil right~ groups to whitP·SUpremacy
group.:: , a re marking ClevP!and as an arena
! or artion th1l'I sr•·1ng Within thP city, for
every anti -,\ r.,I P Negro i:rroup there is an
• i 1 d anti-N
white g1·oup.
�-~ Racial Powder Keg: Negro-White
inoe·
Hostility Is Mounting in Cleveland
Continued From Page One
reason: The " long history of negotiations with,
and broken promises from, the local government." Mayor Locher accuses Mr. Weaver of
unfairness.
· City Hall and the Cleveland business community are at odds.
The Inner City Action Committee, led by
Chairman Ralph Besse of Cleveland Electric
Illuminating Co ., was created after the 1966
Hough riots, to help the city cope with its
racial problems. But after six months it
severed relations with the mayor because
" the city administration will not accept meaningful assistance and coordination." Mr.
Locher · accuses the businessmen of playing
politics with the well-being of the people of
Cleveland.
City Hall and the responsible Negro leadership are at odds.
' 'Frequently when it's most needed, the
Negro leadership just isn't there," the mayor
charges. Leo Jackson, a Negro city councilman, replies with equal intensity: "Lecher's
a decent, honest, sincere gentleman, but you
can't be a gentleman and cope with the problems of this town. You've got to be a hardfisted, practical guy who'll take risks."
Established Negro leadership and the Negro community are at odds.
A training progra m sponsored by the National Associa tion for the Advancement of
Colored People and the Urban League has
flopped badly in its aim of getting Negroes
into building trades jobs. Ernest C. Cooper,
the Urban League director, says: "We were
in the position of preparing people to be put
on shelves." With this failure , the NAACP
and Urban League dropped another notch In
the esteem of Cleveland's Negroes. According
to one civil rights s pecialist, "The NAACP
couldn't mobilize a picket line of 10 people
now.
The Negro community and the police are
at odds.
Harlell Jones, a slender Negro Identified
by a grand jury as a leading figure in last
summer's riots, but never indicted, and who
now works as a building maintenance man
In Hough, assesses the current mood of the
ghetto as worse than a year ago. The reason? "Police brutality," he says. Police Chief
Richard Wagner replies: "We h ave no critics
west of the Cuyahoga; we cannot appease
those east of the Cuyahoga." Most whites live
on the west side of the Cuyahoga River,
which runs through the middle of Cleveland;
most Negroes live on the east side.
Movement ln the Schools
Still, Mr. Wagner has established a new
community relations unit in the department
and has opened eight new police athletic centers for slum youths. Also, there has been
some movement in education. A new school
board has Initiated the construction of some
new schools, the opening of more kindergartens, libraries and vocational classrooma, and
the creation of a supplementary education
center to draw white and Negro pupils for
specialized instruction.
"The only bright spot I can think of ls
our schools, says Alan Kandel of the Jewish
11
,..
some authorities expect Communist operatives
to be active here this year; the grand jury
investigating last summer's Hough riots found
evidence of Communist Party participation.
Local organization is proceeding on both
sides of the color line. The United Black
Brotherhood (UBB), formed last fall and regarded by Police Chief Wagner as "militantly
racial," is actively involved in the "dialogues
in black" that present Ahmed and others to
the Negro community. The supposed aim of
the "dialogues" is to steer militants away
from violence and toward peaceful protest.
But police say the effect is to unite Negroes
under the UBB banner.
Lewis Robinson, identified by a grand jury
as a leader in last summer's riots but never
indicted, and now a participant In the "dia·
logues," says of them: "We've had factional ism . Now we want to pull all these things together." He views rioting as "productive and
good, a warning that drastic measures must
be taken."
Harlell J ones also believes Negroes should
crowd into a single group for "political" purposes. He plans to strike out on his own this
month to organize such a group.
White Organizing
An organizing drive among whites is being
planned by Rob ert Annable, chairman of the
Cleveland-based National Christian Conservative Society and also head of the North American Alliance of White People. Mr. Anna ble,
who believes that Negroes are "culturally and
intellectually inferior," will begin holding ral·
lies . in May. William Murphree, vice president
of the White Citizens Council of Ohio subscribes to many of Mr. Annable's beliefs and
also !)!ans rallie11.
The special targets of all these racial organizers, whether they admit it or not, are the
youngsters of this "city of nations," most of
whom live in neighborhoods that are sharply
segregated along nationality as well as racial
lines. Murray Hill is largely Italian, Sowinski
Park largely Polish, Hough largely Negro, and
so on.
As the pressures of social change have
mounted, what once were youth clubs have
become gangs and now, say social workers
and police alike, they are turning more viciously racist. "We know that white and Negro
youth gangs now are clashing," says Mr. Kan·
de!, "and we didn't have that before."
In Collinwood, a white neighborhood next to
the Negro Glenv_ille section, a young fellow
in his twenties says: "When the civil rights
groups said they were going to march this
summer in our neighborhood, a bunch of the
guys tn our club decided to form vigilante
groups." The "club" he refers to is a neighborhood social club. Mrs. Hanserd of the Welfare
Federation says, "We keep hearing there's a
bUlldup of guns in the Collinwood area.
"Ohaln Gang" Target Practice
In Sowinski P!!,rk, members of the white
Chain Gang recently have acquired shotguns .
"They're practicing with the guns in the base ·
ment of one member's home, shooting at pa·
per targets they can 'niggers,' " R. social worker says. "The purpose for the guns, they say,
Is to defend them
�he
creation of
a
supp emen ary
e uca :Ion '
~
.,
.
,o 5"""
m •• e oase-
to a r aw w te and egro pupils or ment of one m em ber's home, shooting at papecialized instruction.
per targets they call 'niggers,' " a social work"The only bright spot I can think of 1s er says. "The purpose for the guns, they say,
our schools," says Alan Kandel of the Jewish is to defend themselves against the Negroes
Community Fe~eration.
-when the 1·iots come again this sum m er."
There are ollier activists a t work, but wl~ In another white section, on the west ern
much visi ble r esult. The Businessmen s fringe of Hough, signs tacked on telephone
1out
[nterrac!al _C ommittee on Community Affairs poles and painted on buildings warn " Nigger ,
· s conscientious but, says Mr. Cooper, a m em- this ls All ey Rat territor y keep y u
t"
0 r ass ou ,
lb
" th '
in 1 d
tly in Jong range
•
er,
ey re
vo ve mos . ,,
·
or urge "Wallace fo r P resident." This ls the
planning, not immediate a.ction. Two wood- work of the Alley Rats gang whose member s
.
'
pr oducts trade associations have announced
workers say,. have attended m eetmgs. of
th
pIans t o re ha bil I·t a t e a sec ti on of H oug h , but social
the project is said to be stym ied by slum
e_American Nazi P a rty in Detroit and Pittslandlords who have jacked up prices. Other bwgh._ The Outlaws, a Cleveland m otor cycle
public and private r eha bilitation projects club, is reported laying plans to attack the
Checkere d Cher ubs, a Negro mo torcycle club.
amount to a drop in the bucket.
Mayor Locher, for his par t, has some plans
The United Black Brotherhood, whose
he expects to r eveal as election time ap- strongholds have been found by police to conproaches. He already has r epaved some slum ta in fi re bombs, has begun wi thin the past
treets, installed new street lights, and hauled few weeks to instruct som e Negro youth gangs
off the streets hundreds of junked cars. Soon in "guerrilla warfa re." Police Chief Wagner
he hopes to start a citywide rat control pro- says the UBB has ma de contact with the
gram, collect ghetto trash weekly instead of P onderosas, a 200-member group preoccupied
monthly, let some contr acts for play areas until re cently with vandalism but now turnand "vest-pocket" par ks , and augm ent the ing increasingly a nt i-white.
city's supply of housing inspector s, policemen
A similar turn, says the police chief, has
and medical personnel.
been detected among other Negro gangs ,
'loney Problem s
such as the Delamores, the Devil's Disciples
But all this costs money, and the mayor is and the Marqui s. " They' re getting away from
paving his tr oubles on that score. Voters de- gang a ctivity and are forming militant racial
teated a city income tax in 1965. Last year the organizations,' ' Mr. Wagner declares.
ity council ena cted a tax to be effe ctive this
past J a n. 1, but disgruntled citizens have
forced the levy to another ballot box test, to
~e held in May or June. " If the t ax is deI
feated," says Mr. Locher, " then there will
have to be a severe cutback" in his plans.
Anyway, the m ayor is willing to move only
o far . To him some specific recomm endaions for ea sing racial tension in Cleveland Boost in Common and Preferred,
dvanced by the Civil Rlghts Com mission are
Creation of a N ew Pref erred
'poppycock," and he Is steadfastly Jo yal to his
city officials. The Inner City Action ComTo Enable Further Diversifying
, ittee, in offering to supply the city with dollar-a -year m en to unsnarl the urban r enewal
I
tangle , insisted on the removal of the city's
By a, WALL STREET J OURNAL Sta,f! R eporter
}.'ban renewal chief. The mayor refused.
ST. LOUIS - Interco Inc. shareholders
Mr. Locher is looking to Washington for
ome new help. The White House is expected clear ed the way for further diversification of
o announce soon a crash program to provide the company by voting to increase a uthorized
obs for unemployed Negroes in 19 cities, and common by fou r million shares, and the exlethe mayor believes Cleveland will be one. But ing preferred by 327,060 shares in addition
, r. Kandel of the Jewish Community Feder - to creating a new prefer r ed issue of one miltlon, who has been In on some of the local lion shares.
Janning, is not enthusiastic. "It's too
However, aside from a pending a cquisiate," he says. "They're talking about placing
,000 p eople by June, and that'll onl y three tion of Sam Shainberg Co., Memphis, Tenn .,
operator of 79 junior department stores, for
1onths away."
Less than two months away Is the " dooms- 410,000 shares of the present preferred, Interco
tlay" pinpointed by Ahmed. He is quite correct isn 't seriously studying any possible acquisin predicting an eclipse of the sun on May 9, tions , Norfl eet H. Rand, vice chairm an of the
ut authorities say the eclipse will be partial board and treasurer, said after the meeting.
nd won't tum the Qleveland sky dark. And
Since 1964, Interco has pursued an active
hmed's forecast of revolt may be wildly diversification program. It operates 210 junio~
xaggerated . But other events scheduled for department stores, eight work and play clotheveland soon are likely to arouse racial ing factories and six retail hardware stores
empers.
plus its shoe manufacturing and retailin
operations. "We're interested primarily in the
nter Martin Luther King
The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. will visit soft goods, although we'd consider any field
leveiand soon to help prepare for simulta- that looked promising," Mr. Rand said.
eous demonstrations this summer here and in
Sales and earnings in December and Janther cities. The militant Congress of Racial uary, the first two months of the company's
quality (CORE) has narrowed its search for fiscal year, showed an improvement over the
summer "demons tration city" to Cleveland, similar period a year earlier, the executive
akland, Calif., and Newark, N.J. A spokes- said. And th ere will be "an improvement"
an here says it Is ;,quite possible" that Cleve- for the quarter ended Feb . 28 from the first
and will be the final choice.
period of fiscal 1966, when Interco earned
" If CORE makes Cleveland its target city," $3,861,227, or $1.09 a share, on sales of $106,ays J . B. Stoner, vice chairman of the white- 639,944 , excluding results of Idaho Departmen
upremacist National States Rights Party, Store Co., acquired in February 1966.
' we 'll come to Cleveland to stage peaceful
Mr. Rand also predicted higher sales and
ounter-demonstrations." Last summer, after earnings for the year ending Nov. 30, even
States Rights Party rally in Baltimore, without a contribution from Sam Shainberg
he 1966 CORE demonstration city, whites a.nd Co. On a pro-forma basis for last year, for
egroes tangled in the streets.
instance, Shainberg would have contributed 18
The Ku h."lux Klan is preparing for an or- cents a share, after preferred dividends, to Ina nizatlonal meeting In this city in a few terco 's reported earnings of $14,598, 000, or $3.91
•eeks . There are reports that the American a share, on sales of $469,100,000. Results of
azi Party intends activity here this spring. Idaho Department Store Co. were included
t t'he other end of the political spectrum, only for nine months.
1
lnterco Inc. Holders
Vote Stoc k Jncreases
.
•
'
�
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
For instance, while Ahmed rants, “Adolph
Hitler'’ roams, He is the bearded, long-haired
white youth who commands the Deuces, a
local notorcycle club that is patterned on
«California's Hell's Angels and vows alle-
giance to George Lincoln Rockwell's American
Nazi Party. During last summer’s Hough riot
the Deuces, decked out in Levis, animal-skin
vests and chromed Nazi helmets, roared
through the ghetto. flailing with chains at
Negroes. ‘‘This is probably the group around
which other white gangs will rally should an
outbreak occur,’’ declares a social worker.
Both Ahmed and Adolph, and the circum-
stances that charge their activities with dan-
ger, are known to the police and presumably
to the man who sits atop the Cleveland powder
keg—Mayor Ralph Locher, Yet conversation
with city officials turns up little hope of pre-
venting new racial violence. Rather, discussion
centers on when, where and how it will occur.
Mayor Locher, a Democrat, up for reelec-
tion next fall, tries hard to accentuate the posi-
tive. “We're progressing nicely on many
fronts,”’ he says. But his optimism evaporates
when he is questioned about the possibility of
riots this summer. ‘‘No mayor can guarantee
peace,” he replies.
Others in the Locher administration and
private welfare-agency officials come close to
predicting conflict. Mrs. Lolette Hanserd, a
director of the Welfare Federation, an organi-
zation coordinating the activities of the city’s
social service agencies, has been receiving in-
creasing reports of black and white gangs not
only organizing but arming. “If the Negroes
don't stir up trouble, then some whites may
be trigger-happy,’’ she says forlornly.
An SOS to Washington
Most pessimistic of all is the director of |,
Mr, Locher’s human relations board, Bertram
Gardner. He fears an outbreak this summer
| larger than last summer's. “I suspect that it
won't be confined to the Negro community,”
he says. “I’m afraid it will extend to the
white communities and downtown—not a mas-
sive movement but guerrilla warfare."
White neighborhoods next to Negro ghettos
Share these fears, The Justice Department in
Washington already has received an appeal
for help from a social worker in Murray Hill,
known as “Little Italy,’’ which has been se-
lected by some Negroes as a target for dem-
onstrations this summer. If this happens,
warns the social worker, ‘‘violence could
erupt.’’ He adds plaintively: ‘‘Our experience
with local law-enforcing agencies has not been
comforting as we would like.”
Underlying such pessimism is the feeling
that much of Cleveland's attempt to deal with
_ its racial problems has failed, and that those
groups that might be expected to join in a
| leadership effort are alienated from one an-
other.
City Hall and the Federal Government are
at odds. '
| — During the past 15 years or so, the city,
eighth largest in the U.S. with a 1960 popu-
i Jation of 876,050, has drawn up plans for
a dozen urban renewal projects; it now sur-
| passes all other metropolises in acreage
tabbed for renewal. Yet Cleveland has been
ij aie. to close the books on only one project,
ace so slow that Housing and Urban De-
Ferran Secretary Weaver has begun cut-
ting off the city’s urban-renewal money. His
h Please Turn to Page 16, Column 2
f
i es
i: Ss
‘VOL. CLXIX NO. 50
_ Racial Powder Keg
Went. White Hostility
Mounting in Cleveland
| As City’s Efforts Fail
Kemed Youth Gangs Growing;
Mayor Blamed by Business,
Established Negro Leaders
CORE, Reds, Klan Eye City
By Monrok W. KARMIN and DAVID VIENNA
Staff Reporters of THR WALL STREET JOURNAL
CLEVELAND — To Ahmed, the high priest
of Negro militancy here, the white man is a
“heast’ to be overcome. He predicts May 9
will be the “terrible day’’ that the anger of
this city’s black ghetto erupts into violence—
partly because, by his calculations, that will
be the day when an eclipse of the sun darkens
the sky. ;
Because of his devotion to astrology, Ahmed
is dismissed by many white Clevelanders who
doubt that astrology has any value. Besides,
Ahmed, whose real name is Fred Evans,
was arrested last week on charges of assault-
ing a police officer; he has been released on
$5,000 bond.
Nevertheless, Ahmed'’s warnings that
_ “blood must flow’' and “‘some must die’ are
gospel to a small but growing number of fol-
lowers, who gather every other Thursday night
to hear him or other Negro radicals conduct
what they call ‘dialogues in black.’ And
though these sessions may be a muddle of
mysticism and menace, they are all too
symptomatic of the tensions that make this
city one of the nation’s leading racial trouble
spots. Even to some city officials, Cleveland's
inability to make a significant start toward
coping with racial discontent seems to fore-
shadow a sequel, when the weather warms, to
last summer's five-day riot in the “tough
Hough” slum that left four dead,
Fears in Washington ‘
‘That also is the feeling of those in Wash-
ington who keep watch on racial developments.
John A. Hannah, chairman of the U.S. Civil
Rights Commission, which held hearings here
last year, says ‘‘the accounting of (Cleveland's)
accomplishments is very short, and the agenda
of its unfinished business is very long."' An-
other civil rights specialist asserts that ‘‘what
makes Cleveland different from other cities’
a its potentiality for a racial explosion ‘is
its complete lack of effective leadership” on
the part of City Hall, the business commu-
nity and the responsible Negro organizations.
‘This leadership vacuum and ita effects are
apparent to anyone who peers behind the ''pns-
itive image’ that Cleveland officialdom seeks’
to project. Outside organizations ranging from
natio 1 civil rights groups to white-supremacy
groups, are marking Cleveland as an arena
r action this spring, Within the city, for
_anti- te Ne; there is an
ually _ ] 5 Cae aes white group.
re ,
ios
Os
SsIy
Alf
= Pe
~~ ™ yA
SZ
Racial Powder Keg: Negro-White
Hostility Is Mounting in Cleveland
Continued From Page One
reason: The “‘long history of negotiations with,
and broken promises from, the local govern-
ment."’ Mayor Locher accuses Mr. Weaver of
unfairness.
City Hall and the Cleveland business com-
munity are at odds.
The Inner City Action Committee, led by
Chairman Ralph Besse of Cleveland Electric
Illuminating Co., was created after the 1966
Hough riots, to help the city cope with its
racial problems. But after six months it
severed relations with the mayor because
“the city administration will not accept mean-
ingful assistance and coordination.’’ Mr.
Locher accuses the businessmen of ‘playing
politics with the well-being of the people of
Cleveland.”
City Hall and the responsible Negro leader-
ship are at odds.
“Frequently when it’s most needed, the
Negro leadership just isn't there,’’ the mayor
charges. Leo Jackson, a Negro city council-
man, replies with equal intensity: ‘‘Locher’s
a decent, honest, sincere gentleman, but you
can't be a gentleman and cope with the prob-
lems of this town. You've got to be a hard-
fisted, practical guy who'll take risks.”
Established Negro leadership and the Ne-
gro community are at odds.
A training program sponsored by the Na-
tional Association for the Advancement of
Colored People and the Urban League has
flopped badly in its aim of getting Negroes
into building trades jobs. Ernest C. Cooper,
the Urban League director, says: “We were
in the position of preparing people to be put
on shelves.'’ With this failure, the NAACP
and Urban League dropped another notch in
the esteem of Cleveland's Negroes. According
to one civil rights specialist, “The NAACP
couldn't mobilize a picket line of 10 people
now,”"
The Negro community and the police are
at odds.
Harlell Jones, a slender Negro identified
by a grand jury as a leading figure in last
summer’s riots, but never indicted, and who
now works as a building maintenance man
in Hough, assesses the current mood of the
ghetto as worse than a year ago, The rea-
son? ‘‘Police brutality,’ he says. Police Chief
Richard Wagner replies: ‘‘We have no critics
west of the Cuyahoga; we cannot appease
those east of the Cuyahoga."’ Most whites live
‘jon the west side of the Cuyahoga River,
which runs through the middle of Cleveland;
most Negroes live on the east side.
Movement in the Schools
Still, Mr. Wagner has established a new
community relations unit in the department
and has opened eight new police athletic cen-
ters for slum youths. Also, there has been
some movement in education. A new school
board has initiated the construction of some
new schools, the opening of more kindergar-
tens, libraries and vocational classrooms, and
the creation of a supplementary education
center to draw white and Negro pupils for
specialized instruction.
“The only bright spot I can think of is
our schools,’ says Alan Kandel of the Jewish
some authorities expect Communist operatives
to be active here this year; the grand jury
investigating last summer’s Hough riots found
evidence of Communist Party participation.
Local organization is proceeding on both
sides of the color line. The United Black
Brotherhood (UBB), formed last fall and re-
garded by Police Chief Wagner as ‘‘militantly
racial,” is actively involved in the ‘‘dialogues
in black”? that present Ahmed and others to
the Negro community. The supposed aim of
the “dialogues’’ is to steer militants away
from violence and toward peaceful protest.
But police say the effect is to unite Negroes
under the UBB banner.
Lewis Robinson, identified by a grand jury
as a leader in last summer’s riots but never
indicted, and now a participant in the ‘‘dia-
logues,’"’ says of them: ‘‘We’ve had factional-
ism. Now we want to pull all these things to-
gether.”’ He views rioting as “productive and
good, a warning that drastic measures must
be taken.”
Harlell Jones also believes Negroes should
crowd into a single group for “‘political’’ pur-
poses. He plans to strike out on his own this
month to organize such a group.
White Organizing
An organizing drive among whites is being
planned by Robert Annable, chairman of the
Cleveland-based National Christian Conserva-
tive Society and also head of the North Ameri-
can Alliance of White People. Mr. Annable,
who believes that Negroes are “culturally and
intellectually inferior,” will begin holding ral-
lies,in May. William Murphree, vice president
of the White Citizens Council of Ohio, sub-
scribes to many of Mr, Annable’s beliefs and
also plans rallies.
The special targets of all these racial or-
ganizers, whether they admit it or not, are the
youngsters of this “city of nations,’’ most of
whom live in neighborhoods that are sharply
segregated along nationality as well as racial
lines. Murray Hill is largely Italian, Sowinski
Park largely Polish, Hough largely Negro, and
sO on,
As the pressures of social change have
mounted, what once were youth clubs have
become gangs and now, say social workers
and police alike, they are turning more vi-
ciously racist. ‘We know that white and Negro
youth gangs now are clashing,’’ says Mr. Kan-
del, ‘‘and we didn’t have that before.’
In Collinwood, a white neighborhood next to
the Negro Glenville section, a young fellow
in his twenties says: ‘‘When the civil rights
groups said they were going to march this
summer in our neighborhood, a bunch of the
guys in our club decided to form vigilante
groups.'’ The “‘club’’ he refers to is a neighbor-
hood social club, Mrs. Hanserd of the Welfare
Federation says, ‘“‘We keep hearing there's a
buildup of guns in the Collinwood area.”
“Chain Gang” Target Practice
In Sowinski Park, members of the white
Chain Gang recently have acquired shotguns.
“They're practicing with the guns in the base-
ment of one member’s home, shooting at pa-
per targets they call ‘niggers,’ a social work-
er says. “The purpose for the guns, they say,
is to defend themselves against the Neernes
nie and: iaNesee pupil” ‘for
Brccistized instruction.
“The only bright spot I can think of ts
our schools,’ says Alan Kandel of the Jewish
Community Federation.
eT Sia ART SE Wan, Bur wIE
out much visible result. The Businessmen’s
Interracial Committee on Community Affairs
is conscientious but, says Mr. Cooper, a mem-
ber, “‘they’re involved mostly in long-range
planning, not immediate action.’’ Two wood-
products trade associations have announced
plans to rehabilitate a section of Hough, but
the project is said to be stymied by slum
landlords who have jacked up prices. Other
public and private rehabilitation projects
amount to a drop in the bucket.
Mayor Locher, for his part, has some plans
he expects to reveal as election time ap-
proaches. He already has repaved some slum
streets, installed new street lights, and hauled
off the streets hundreds of junked cars. Soon
he hopes to start a citywide rat control pro-
gram, collect ghetto trash weekly instead of
monthly, let some contracts for play areas
and ‘‘vest-pocket’’ parks, and augment the
city’s supply of housing inspectors, policemen
and medical personnel.
Money Problems
_ But all this costs money, and the mayor is
having his troubles on that score. Voters de-
feated a city income tax in 1965. Last year the
city council enacted a tax to be effective this
past Jan. 1, but disgruntled citizens have
forced the levy to another ballot box test, to
be held in May or June. “If the tax is de-
feated,"’ says Mr. Locher, ‘then there will
have to be a severe cutback” in his plans.
Anyway, the mayor is willing to move only
80 far. To him some specific recommenda-
tions for easing racial tension in Cleveland
advanced by the Civil Rights Commission are
“noppycock,”’ and he is steadfastly loyal to his
city officials, The Inner City Action Com-
mittee, in offering to supply the city with dol-
lar-a-year men to unsnarl the urban renewal
tangle, insisted on the removal of the city's
urban renewal chief, The mayor refused.
Mr, Locher is looking to Washington for
some new help. The White House is expected
to announce soon a crash program to provide
jobs for unemployed Negroes in 19 cities, and
the mayor believes Cleveland will be one, But
Mr, Kandel of the Jewish Community Feder-
ation, who has been in on some of the local|,
planning, is not enthusiastic. ‘It’s too
late,” he says. ‘They're talking about placing
2,000 people by June, and that’s only three
months away.”
Less than two months away js the ‘‘dooms-
jay" pinpointed by Ahmed. He is quite correct
m predicting an eclipse of the sun on May 9,
put authorities say the eclipse will be partial
and won't turn the Cleveland sky dark. And
Ahmed’s forecast of revolt may be wildly
sxaggerated. But other events scheduled for
Sleveland soon are likely to arouse racial
empers,
Enter Martin Luther King
The Rev, Martin Luther King Jr. will visit
Hleveland soon to help prepare for simulta-
jeous demonstrations this summer here and in
jther cities, The militant Congress of Racial
Gquality (CORE) has narrowed its search for
1 summer ‘demonstration city’’ to Cleveland,
Dakland, Calif., and Newark, N.J. A spokes-
man here says it Is ‘quite possible’’ that Cleve-
and will be the final choice.
“If CORE makes Cleveland its target city,”
jays J. B. Stoner, vice chairman of the white-
fupremacist National States Rights Party,
we'll come to Cleveland to stage peaceful
eee ae peice Last summer, after
States Rights Party rally in Baltimore,
ae CORE demonstration city, whites and
at tangled in the streets.
the Ku Elux Klan is preparing for an or-
anizational meeting in this city in a few
yeeks. There are reports that the American
Party intends activity here this ing.
other end of the pelted! spectrum, |
bei ae,
iM The re practices ith-the-punsai tie, base=
ment of one member’s home, shooting at pa-
per targets they call ‘niggers,’ "’ a social work-
er Says. ‘The purpose for the guns, they say,
is to defend themselves against the Negroes
when the riots come again this summer.'"
In another white section, on the western
fringe of Hough, signs tacked on telephone
poles and painted on buildings warn “Nigger,
this is Alley Rat territory, keep your ass out,”’
or urge ‘‘Wallace for President.’’ This is the
work of the Alley Rats gang whose members,
social workers say, have attended meetings of
the American Nazi Party in Detroit and Pitts-
burgh. The Outlaws, a Cleveland motorcycle
club, is reported laying plans to attack the
Checkered Cherubs, a Negro motorcycle club.
The United Black Brotherhood, whose
strongholds have been found by police to con-
tain fire bombs, has begun within the past
few weeks to instruct some Negro youth gangs
in ‘guerrilla warfare.’’ Police Chief Wagner
says the UBB has made contact with the
Ponderosas, a 200-member group preoccupied
until recently with vandalism but now turn-
ing increasingly anti-white.
A similar turn, says the police chief, has
been detected among other Negro gangs,
such as the Delamores, the Devil's Disciples
and the Marquis. ‘'They're getting away from
gang activity and are forming militant racial
organizations,'’ Mr. Wagner declares.
Interco Inc. Holders
Vote Stock Increases
Boost in Common and Preferred,
Creation of a New Preferred
To Enable Further Diversifying
By a WALL STREET JOURNAL Staff Reporter
ST. LOUIS Interco Inc. shareholders
cleared the way for further diversification of
the company by voting to increase authorized
common by four million shares, and the exist-
ing preferred by 327,060 shares in addition
to creating a new preferred issue of one mil-
lion shares.
However, aside from a pending acquisi-
tion of Sam Shainberg Co., Memphis, Tenn.,
operator of 79 junior department stores, for
410,000 shares of the present preferred, Interco
isn't seriously studying any possible acquisi-
tions, Norfleet H. Rand, vice chairman of the
board and treasurer, said after the meeting.
Since 1964, Interco has pursued an active
diversification program. It operates 210 junior
department stores, eight work and play cloth-
ing factories and six retail hardware stores
plus its shoe manufacturing and retailing
operations. ‘‘We’re interested primarily in the
soft goods, although we'd consider any field
that looked promising,’’ Mr. Rand said.
Sales and earnings in December and Jan:
uary, the first two months of the company’s
fiscal year, showed an improvement over the
Similar period a year earlier, the executive
said. And there will be ‘‘an improvement’
for the quarter ended Feb. 28 from the first
period of fiscal 1966, when Interco earned
$3,261,227, or $1.09 a share, on sales of $106,-
639,944, excluding results of Idaho Department
Store Co., acquired in February 1966. '
Mr. Rand also predicted higher sales and
earnings for the year ending Nov. 80, even
without a contribution from Sam Shainberg
Co. On a pro-forma basis for last year, for
instance, Shainberg would have contributed 18
cents a share, after preferred dividends, to In
terco's reported earnings of $14,598,000, or | $3.91
a share, on sales of $469, 100,000. Results of
Idaho Department Store Co, were included
only for nine months, "|
TLD
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Title
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Box 13, Folder 21, Document 97
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/ca91e2287e2bbddf4e0c2c8c90c0085a.pdf
9d56c8d961cd170aed2f0c78080a4c3d
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Transcription
A written representation of a document.
FROM:
Ivan Allen,
Jr.
~
For your information
D
Please refer to the attached correspondence and make the
necessary reply.
D
FORM 25-4
Advise me the status of the attached.
�
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Office of the Mayon
ROUTE SL
TO: LEP Line los
FROM: Ivan Allen, Jr.
oY For your information
(_] Please refer to the attached correspondence and make the
necessary reply.
(_] Advise me the status of the attached.
4
FORM 25-4
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 96
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/ea06b39767c7f7bb05bdaeb1b52a5c65.pdf
dac85373d7fc2f1e4d489f57ca53ec68
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
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_ @ip___WESTERN UNION ff 4.
VO25 EDT JuN_9s 67 ACOST
g A LLY30 PO ATLANTA GA 95 NFT
HONORABLE IVAN ALLEN JK
| MAYOR OF THE CITY OF ATLANTA ATLA
DEAR MAYOR ALLEN Y CAME TO THE CITY OF ATLANTA FULLY EXPECTING |
THAT 1 AS AN AMERICAK CITIZEN AND AS A HUMAN BEING WOULD fe
TREATED WITH THE CIONITY AND RESPECT THAT ATLAMTA GEORGIA PROCLAIMS
WAS EXTENDED TO ALL PEOPLE. YOUR DESCRIPTION OF ATLANTA BS
THE CITY “TOO BUSY TG HATE” HOW SOUMDS VERY HOLLO¥ TO ME SINCE
MY DENIAL OF ACCESS TO THE FACILITIES OF ONE OF ATLANTAS CHRISTIAN
INSTITUT IONS BECAUSE I WAS BLACK. THE YOUNE MENS CHRISTIAN
ASSRC TATION ON SPRING AND LUCKIE STREET GF WHICH IT AM A FULt
FAIO MENBEA REFUSED TO LET ME UTILIZE PME PHYSICAL TRAINING
FACILITIES BECAUSE Y WAS NOT BMITE. THEY TOLD ME If BAS NOT
WELCOME AMD PROCLAIMED TMAY THE YMOA WAS OME OF THE LAGT PLActs
: oi hBt TYME S6u0Te FO GESEGRATE THEIR FACTLITIES, BY YRAVELS AS A
1279 (1-51)
Be _WESTERN UNION __ ie 4
MUSICIAN WAVE TAKEN ME THROUGHOUT THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES |
INCLUDING SUCH STATES SOUTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA. IN NOWE
OF TMESE STATES WAVE 1 BEEN DEMIED THE AOOESS YO YHCA FACILITIES.
{ GAOT GYERSTATE MY SURPRISE YO FIND TWAT ATLANTA GEGRETA
WHICH PURPORTS TO REPRESEMTS THE SOUTHS @REATEST ADYANCEMERT
{h GOCE RELATIONS CAM ALLOW & SLAB IMG CONTRADICTIGN GF GACTA:.
BEISCRIMNINATION TO CONTINUE. I AM SURE YMAT YOu HAYOR ALLEN
BILL GIVE THIS SITUATION YOUR IOMEDIATE ATTENTION
LESTER MOCAME A off a
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Title
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Box 13, Folder 21, Document 95
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/f1ed20dd45560968bbfb67f8074b1054.pdf
aa2a531a8896342eaa370821a964d03c
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Transcription
A written representation of a document.
. Serving All the Services
An a uthorized puhlicntion of the U.S. Armed F orces. publi~hecl in four
e,Hlions da ilv' at 'l'okyo. J apnn by P acific Sta rs and Stripes. APO 9650::.
for t he CINCPAC under oppra tional control of CINCUSARPAC. Eclitor int
opinions exprc~sed a re not necessarily those of the Department of Defense.
This pai::e is intended to present various views on issues of the clay,
Opinions nrc n ol ccessarily those of this n ewspaper.
P acific Star s :tncl Stripes is dis tributed to authorized 11crsonncl in the
PACOM nrea ·for 10 cents dail~·. 15 cents Sntnrday (or Sundn.~·) . Subscriptions are S2.!i0 monthly or $30.00 yearly a nd must b e paid in advance per
AR 230-5 rtnd AFR 176-1. (Personnel in Vietnnm are a uthorizrd pn.pers
without charge through their unlL) Second class p o. tage pnid. nt Post
Office, San Francisco. Cal.
Lt. Col. William V. Schmitt, USA .... , ,. .. ,, ., , Officcr-in-Cliari::e
i\fo j. I,:d Swinney. USAF .................... Executive Officer
Cnpt. D"Arcy E Gt·is icr, USMC ... Administrative, Lial~on ~fficer
Lt. Col. Ro)' 'l'hompFon Jr., USA ................ . , OIC. Vietnam
Gordon A. Skcan ................................ C-<'n c r :1 l ' i\fan ag-cr
1.i:rn c,~t A. Rich ter ••••••• , , ••••••••••••• , ••••• , • ?.-Ianng-in g r~ditor
Bruce
Biossc:tt
Why Atlanta Has
Cause for Worry
ATLANT~
TLANTA, like the great northern citi_es, is worri~d
about its summertime. Memory of its two rac1a
"disturbances" last September still runs strong.
Those bl'ief but explosive events sullied Atlanta's
image as t he perfect model of a racially harmonious southern city.
A
Both white and moderate Negro leaders are concerned that
worse outbursts could occur in 1967.
Rumors nm through Atlanta that militant, even radical,
elements a re preparing to take advantage of any trouble tha t
might develop. There are reports of small
, - . ,;~:->>.:! . . , ., arms being sold on the streets to Negro
.~----·~~.~
~-.,_ teen-agers.
.
-~ ... ..,. !'.,.; \
What really lies at the base of this unsettled mood is the fact tha t Atlanta, one
of the nation's real boom towns, has no,
grown to the point where it has taken o~
the problems and difficulties of the typica
modern American metropolis.
Its special immunity is vanishing.
"model" aspects are blun-ed and may
be one altogettLer
Says one Negro leader here:
"What the city is finding out is tha
this whole movement is not about a han
burger (lunch counter dc.-egregation) . ff.
about better schools, housing and job.-."
A white scholar add :
BIOSS/\T
" We in Atlanta have progressed cnoug
to have acqui red some of the same problems northem cities have
And we're stupid enough to have created some or the sam
problems, too."
Currently the city is torn by argument over loca tion o
certain new Negro housing.
Under Mayor Ivan Allen, some low-rent public hou ·ing uni
and some privately financed Negro dwellings are planned for ju
one large area where Negro housing is already heavily concentrated
NAACP leaders are bitterly contesting the plan on the ground i
will fo ter further growth of a sector that is well on the way t
becoming the city's single . huge Negro ghetto. They want the ne
construction spread beyond this southwest Atlanta area.
FOR LONG years, a good part of the city's Negro populatio
was, in fact. scatter ed widely in "poverty pocket.-" of varyin
size. The commercial boom, tile freeway network and ur ba
renewal have combined to v.ripe out many of the e pocke
altogc•ther. Others are on the way to disappearin!!. Displace
Negroes move to the swelling southwestern "wedge" wl1ere it ·,
now propo. ed to add the controversial housing.
The issue is not yet re olved. But leaders see it as a troubl
some factor in the equation that keeps Atlanta in haky peace.
A moclc•stly hopeful step, growing out of ta. Se1itellllit:nviolence. was the city's creation of a Community Relation Commi.
ion- a 20-memher group led by a respected attorney, lrvina Kah le
N~g,~oes and whites ajjke commend the inquisitive heari;~~s co1
m1ss1011 panels have held in various slum sector . Slum residcn
have had ample chance to air grievances.
But, since the commission has only advisory authority. 01
Negro leaders are skeptical of the prospect of m uch real benefit.
The c-rcdit to Atlanta for smoothly desegregating public ~
commodahons and some schools has worn thin. l\Iost Neg
leaders today sec the city as just another Chicago or Clcvelan<.I
11ut domg enough about schools, jobs and hou, ing.
(Newspaper Enterprlse Assn.)
The most difficult of all virtues is the forgiving spin
Revenge seems to be natural with man; it is human
want to get even with an enemy.
- William Jennings Bry
�
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Serving All the Services
An authorized publication of the U.S. Armed Forces, published in four
editions daily at Tokyo, Japan by Pacific Stars and Stripes, APO 96503,
for the CINCPAC under operational control of CINCUSARPAC. Wditorial
opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the Department of Defense.
This page is intended to present various views on issues of the days
Opinions are not ecessarily those of this newspaper.
Pacific Stars and Stripes is distributed to authorized personnel in the
PACOM area for 10 cents daily, 15 cents Saturday (or Sunday). Subscrip-
tions are $2.50 monthly or $30.00 yearly and must be paid in advance per
AR 250-5 and AFR 176-1. (Personnel in Vietnam are authorized papers
without charge through their unit.) Second class postage paid at Post
Office, San Francisco, Cal.
Lit. Col, William V._ Schmitt, USA sesessseeseees Officer-in-Charge
Maj. Ed Swinney, USAF . ...ecee++-ssenees.. Executive Officer
Capt. D'Arcy E Grisier, USMC .,, Administrative, Liaison Officer
Lt. Col. Roy Thompson Jr., USA secesee eeese-» OIC, Vietnam
Gordon A, Skeon ....005 seueas seus » General ‘Manager
Trnest AS Richiter pecevssersvecevevtevessssstasy MaANILINeG Iocitor
Bruce Biossat
Why Atlanta Has
Cause for Worry,
ATLANTA
1 UN like the great northern cities, is worried
about its summertime. Memory of its two racial
“disturbances” last September still runs strong.
Those brief but explosive events sullied Atlanta’s
image as the perfect model of a racially harmonious south-
ern city.
Both white and moderate Negro leaders are concerned thal
worse outbursts could occur in 1967.
Rumors run through Atlanta that militant, even radical,
elements are preparing to take advantage of any trouble thal
might develop. There are reports of small
arms being sold on the streets to Negre
teen-agers. :
What really lies at the base of this un
settled mood is the fact that Atlanta, one
of the nation’s real boom towns, has now
grown to the point where it has taken or
the problems and difficulties of the typica
modern American metropolis.
Its special immunity is vanishing, Its
“model” aspects are blurred and may soor
be_gone ROPE LCT ee
Says one Negro leader here:
“What the city is finding out is tha
this whole movement is not about a ham
burger (lunch counter desegregation). It’:
about better schools, housing and jobs.”
A white scholar adds:
BLOSSAT “We in Atlanta have progressed enoug!
to have acquired some of the same problems northern cities have
And we're stupid enough to have created some of the sami
problems, too.”
Currently the city is torn by argument over location o
certain new Negro housing.
Under Mayor Ivan Allen, some low-rent public housing unit
and some privately financed Negro dwellings are planned for jus
one large area where Negro housing is already heavily concentrated
NAACP leaders are bitterly contesting the plan on the ground i
will foster further growth of a sector that is well on the way t
becoming the city’s single huge Negro ghetto. They want the ney
construction spread beyond this southwest Atlanta area.
por LONG years, a good part of the city’s Negro populatioj
was, in fact, scattered widely in “poverty pockets’’ of varyin,
_ Size. The commercial boom, the freeway network and urba)
renewal have combined to wipe out many of these pocket
altogether. Others are on the way to disappearing. Displace
Negroes move to the swelling southwestern “wedge” where it i
now proposed to add the controversial housing,
The issue is not yet resolved. But leaders see it as a trouble
some factor in the equation that keeps Atlanta in shaky peace,
__A modestly hopeful step, growing out of-dast September’
violence, was the city’s creation of a Community Relations Commis
fion—a 20-member group led by a respected attorney, Irving Kahle:
Nogroes and whites alike commend the inquisitive hearings con
mission panels have held in various slum sectors, Slum resident
have had ample chance to air grievances.
: But, since the commission has only advisory authority, som
Negro leaders ave skeptical of the prospect of much real benefit.
The credit to Atlanta for smoothly desegregating public ac
commodations and some schools has worn thin, Most Negi
leaders today see the city as just another Chicago or Cleveland-
not doing enough about schools, jobs and housing.
(Newspaper Enterprise Assn.)
The most difficult of all virtues is the forgiving spiri
Revenge seems to be natural with man; it is human t
want to get even with an enemy.
—William Jennings Brya
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 94
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/04b55a2d433bd450ae64a5bd420fbd25.pdf
76057583a7a86fbc21b1305c887f4063
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
ATLANTA,Gll!:OROIA
ROUTE SLIP
FROM: Dan E. Sweat,
~
Jr.
r your information
D
Please refer to the attached correspondence and -make the
necessary reply.
D
Advise me the status of the attached.
FORM 25- 4-S
�
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
. Gfeor ef tha Mayor
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
( ROUTE SLIP
TO: D raps [Dthe
FROM: Dan E. Sweat, Jr.
Ca For your information
[_] Please refer to the attached correspondence and make the
necessary reply.
[_] Advise me the status of the attached.
FORM 25-4-S
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 93
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/a7c8b7d7e423235a6f143e87f46fd841.pdf
11a80fa1b763de0b688d3ef73fa0dfe1
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
ATLANTA , G E O l'ltGIA
ROUTE SLIP
TO: __M
_a~y~o_ r _ I _v_an
__A_l_l_e_n~'~
FROM:
J_r_. _____________
] . H. Robinson
e::J
F or your informa t i on
D
Pl ease refe r to th e atta che d c orres p ond e nce a nd ma ke the
necessa ry r epl y.
D
Advi se me th e s ta tu s of the a tta ch e d.
F ORM 25-4-R
�
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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Cftce of eee
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
ROUTE SLIP
To: __Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr.
FROM: J. H. Robinson
(£] For your information
{_] Please refer to the attached correspondence and make the
necessary reply.
[_] Advise me the status of the attached.
FORM 25-4-R
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 92
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/b2df27b364a3baa8ed50ec839fdffbc1.pdf
61697302949705f99154e9f217603a02
Scripto
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TVA ALEN OR,
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 91
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/d0ff912d1684f0a0e6ad038e5943ddc6.pdf
ba7f41ff307bf1e3cbb227535c2eaf64
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Dublin Core
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Title
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Box 13, Folder 21, Document 90
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/24d79a25864da1f4cbf20d80e1c7ad4e.pdf
bb71b2d2e249688ac545b5c939855e97
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Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 89
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/d36834b65acd3679313c09c21fbe1860.pdf
38b037997cf8e764ac239ddc51a3b9d2
Scripto
Transcription
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 88
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/b14b125bbef63a37847eec15aa6c29b3.pdf
00c16258cd9ad350649c938f5782bd6b
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
... . .
.,
Mrs . L. H. P ound
675 Am s lerdam Avenue
AJanta, Georgia 30306
Dear
ayof Allen:
Congr e tula tions upon your stand ab out
future demonstra tions and riots of the colored folk. They are anything but "pea c f ul a ssemb li es" a s e ll of us know, nd it i s a bout
time they st opped fr om their t hreats of riots
unless the world is ha nded over to them. lt
i s cert a inly intimi dat ion, which if it i sn't
unla ful, should be .
And so I s ha ll loo k for a rd, as a ll
good sensible people ill be , to the results
obtained by your new st and.
S incerely
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Mrs. L. H. Pound
675 Amsterdam Avenue
Atlanta, Georgia 30306
Dear Mayof Allen:
Congratulations upon your stand about
future demonstrations and riots of the color-
ed folk. They are anything but "peacful as-
semblies"” as sll of us know, and it is about
time they stopped from their threats of riots
unless the world is handed over to them. Li
is certainly intimidation, which if it isn't
unlawful, should be.
And so I shall look forward, as all
good sensible people will be, to the results
obtained by your new stand.
Sincerely
NAM - Oa! Was pt
.
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Title
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Box 13, Folder 21, Document 87
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/80cbb530217610ea90bf09932625fc52.pdf
1d4c4778953950fc8ada5849f4c35be8
Scripto
Transcription
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CH A IRMAN OF T HE BOARD
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The filing time shown io che date line on domestic telegrams is LOCAL TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt is LOCAL TIME at point of destination
VAH383
A LLH188 PD 11 EXTRA FAX ATLANTA GA 7 506P EDT
MAYOR IVAN ALLIN JR
CITY HALL 68 MITCH£LL ST ATLA
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GOOD REPUTATION IN SO FAR AS RACE RELATIONS .AR£ CONCERNED •
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Crass OF SERVICE
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CHAIRMAN OF THE BoaRD
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A LLHi8s PD 41 EXTRA FAX ATLANTA GA 7 506P EDT
MAYOR IVAN ALLEN JR
CITY HALL 68 MITCHELL ST ATLA
ATLANTA, GAo,y AS YOU MAY ALREADY KNOW IS A CITY THAT HAS A
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Dublin Core
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Title
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Box 13, Folder 21, Document 86
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/b34715a5d11ae673c8ad934e5912b393.pdf
c1dd2c7d5bb47f4a90a3b657bfe6c8e8
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
From
the desk of Cecil Alexander/
�
Text
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-
From the desk of Cecil Alexander/
Leg co
ee
aa
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 85
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/18c43c00ee51f86836237c7ea8857503.pdf
b34125a533ed906ea84feae91fbb3600
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
.
ATLANTA,GEOROIA
FROM:
Dan E. Sweat,
Jr.
0
For your inform a tion
O
Please refe r co th e attached corr es pondence and -ma ke the
necessa ry reply.
O
Advise me the status of the attached .
FORM 25-4-S
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Text
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> ATLANTA, GEORGIA
ROUTE SLIP
Dh. Otolnne nchenae
ga 9
FROM: Dan E. Sweat, Jr.
[_] For your information
[_] Please refer to the attached correspondence and make the
necessary reply.
[_] Advise me the status of the attached.
EE ics. Litittiezs woah. he.
FORM 25-4-5
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Title
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Box 13, Folder 21, Document 84
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/b92c6bc7a65ce36c394628a0978124e2.pdf
c03c75036c34d8944c0dab6325ed6388
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
137 Gri ffiin St., N.
Atlanta, Ga . 30314
w.
Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr.
Mayor City of Atlanta
City Hall
68 Mitchell Street s.w.
Atlanta, Georgia 30303
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137 Griffiin Si., N. We
Atlanta, Ga. 30314 =
et
JUL19'S7 eae
rae
GA PB SESS
Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr.
Mayor City of Atlanta
] i City Hall
CER u [ F ia D aye 68 Mitchell Street S.W.
, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 83
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/110dac5f80e227666a5977a0382918f7.pdf
4660423ff9264b3c5d856209cbe09234
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
Cfhe King of Kings
and the
Lord of Lords
"He brought me into the
banqueting house, and his
banner over me was love"
SONG OF SOLOMON
2 :4
�Welcome Your Majesty
The Scriptures show that the Lord is present
and we wish to be among the first to unfurl His
banner of Love. Our own nartional emblem,
just as do the flags of other nations, tend to
separate people and seems to give those of
every nationality the feeling "I am better than
you." But with His Majesty that is not so.
To Him we are all human beings, and all are
dependant upon Him for life.
Signs of His presence. In Daniel 12: 1 we
read "And at that time (this time) shall
Michael stand up, the great Prince which
standeth for the children of the people : and
there shall be a time of trouble, such as never
was since there was a nation." In the second
chapter Dani el tells of a "stone" that was to
smite that great image upon the feet and
break i,t to pieces. The image represented the
Genti le governments of the earth, it struck in
1914 and continues to destroy the nations,
and it is to become "a great mountain (kingdom) and fill the whole earth. It cannot be
stopped for it is God's kingdom. Mountain
means kingdom.
This is that time spoken of by the prophet
Ezekiel. " They shall seek peace and there
shall be non e" ( Ezek. 7 :25). From the time
of Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations
until this time with United Nations and with
President Johnson and many other fine men
and \vomen pleading for peace, but all in vain.
Our great Creator has reserved the honor of
establishing peace upon the earth for His Son
the Prince of Peace ( Isa. 9 :6 ). He bought
that right by giving Himself as a Ransom
sacrifice for Adam and his posteri,ty.
Does not such a King deserve the fullest
obedience and all the honor and praise possible for man to r.ender? And now let us
consider the laws that shall govern His rei gn.
"Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all
thine hea rt, soul, strength and mind: ·and
the second is like unto it. Thou shalt love
thy neighbor as thy self.
As ye would that others do unto you, do
ye even so unto them."
It is love, can anyone ask for more?
Let us learn to love each other
And treat each man as a brother
Without regard to creed or race
Without regard to time or place.
Today the negro is hating the white man
and the white man is hatin g the negro ; one is
just as wrong as the other. Won't yo u be one
of those to surrend er to His Majesty and lift
up his banner of Love. Th e Lord says " This
is the way, walk ye in it. "
"Love ye one another."
�Blessings for ·All'
Turn to Isaiah 25 :6 and read " And in this
mountain (kingdom) shall the Lord of Hosts
make unto all people, a feast of f~t things."
The same prophet in chapter 35 says "Then
shall the eyes of the blind be opened, and
the ears of the deaf be un-stopped ." "And
an hi ghway shall be there . . . And the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come to
Zion with songs of everlasting joy upon their
heads." " Yea, they shall sit every man under
his own vine and fig tree and none shall hurt
or make him afraid." "Then shall they say
Lo , this is our God, we have waited for Him'.'
" Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thou ghts : and let him return unto the Lord: and he will have mercy
upon him, and to our God for He will abundantly pardon."
We suggest that all those int~rested in this
line of thought write to the Dawn, in E.ast
Rutherford, New Jersey.
* * *
Published by one of His Majesty's least,
yet a most grateful subject.
Sta nley Milton Tudor
Box 93
Lowell, Michigan
�
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
CThe King of Kings
and the
Lord of Lords
“He brought me into the
banqueting house, and his
banner over me was love”
Sonc or SoLomon 2:4
Welcome Your Majesty
The Scriptures show that the Lord is present
and we wish to be among the first to unfurl His
banner of Love. Our own national emblem,
just as do the flags of other nations, tend to
separate people and seems to give those of
every nationality the feeling “I am better than
you.” But with His Majesty that is not so.
To Him we are all human beings, and all are
dependant upon Him for life.
Signs of His presence. In Daniel 12:1 we
read “And at that time (this time) shall
Michael stand up, the great Prince which
standeth for the children of the people: and
there shall be a time of trouble, such as never
was since there was a nation.” In the second
chapter Daniel tells of a “stone” that was to
smite that great image upon the feet and
break it to pieces. The image represented the
Gentile governments of the earth, it struck in
1914. and continues to destroy the nations,
and it is to become “a great mountain” (king-
dom) and fill the whole earth. It cannot be
stopped for it is God’s kingdom. Mountain
means kingdom.
This is that time spoken of by the prophet
Ezekiel, “They shall seek peace and there
shall be none” (Izek, 7:25). From the time
of Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations
until this time with United Nations and with
President Johnson and many other fine men
and women pléading for peace, but all in vain.
Our great Creator has reserved the honor of
establishing peace upon the earth for His Son
the Prince of Peace (Isa. 9:6). He bought
that right by giving Himself as a Ransom
sacrifice for Adam and his posterity.
Does not such a King deserve the fullest
obedience and all the honor and praise pos-
sible for man to render? And now let us
consider the laws that shall govern His reign.
“Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all
thine heart, soul, strength and mind: and
the second is like unto it. Thou shalt love
thy neighbor as thy self.
As ye would that others do unto you, do
ye even so unto them.”
It is love, can anyone ask for more?
Let us learn to love each other
And treat each man asa brother
Without regard to creed or race
Without regard to time or place.
Today the negro is hating the white man
and the white man is hating the negro; one is
just as wrong as the other. Won't you be one
of those to surrender to His Majesty and lift
up his banner of Love. The Lord says “This
is the way, walk ye in it.”
“Love ye one another.”
Blessings for’ All
Turn to Isaiah 25:6 and read “And in this
mountain (kingdom) shall the Lord of Hosts
make unto all people, a feast of fat things.”
The same prophet in chapter 35 says “Then
shall the eyes of the blind be opened, and
the ears of the deaf be un-stopped.” “And
an highway shall be there . . . And the ran-
somed of the Lord shall return, and come to
Zion with songs of everlasting joy upon their
heads.” “Yea, they shall sit every man under
his own vine and fig tree and none shall hurt
or make him afraid.” “Then shall they say
Lo, this is our God, we have waited for Him’.’
“Let the wicked forsake his way, and the un-
righteous man his thoughts: and let him re-
turn unto the Lord: and he will have mercy
upon him, and to our God for He will abun-
dantly pardon.”
We suggest that all those interested in this
line of thought write to the Dawn, in East
Rutherford, New Jersey.
* * * &
Published by one of His Majesty’s least,
yet a most grateful subject,
Stanley Milton Tudor
Box 93
Lowell, Michigan
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 82
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/67b9fcf132303e90550137d960ec1ee7.pdf
e99e8e57e0eca40ca8fa27d3643e9d31
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
14
Monday, September 11, 1967
THE CHR.ISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
•
·o etroit sifts through riot embers for racial lessons
I
By Ric~ard L: Strout
Staff correspondent of
The Christian Science Monitor
Detroit
Back and forth across the United St ates
in this violent summer of 1967 we have
· traveled now close to 9,000 miles. Some
·scenes have been idyllic; some poignant.
The most shocking thing we have seen is
the charred and angry scar in Detroit left
by a riot which all but paralyzed the nation's fifth largest city for four da ys and
took over 40 lives.
On sleazy 12th Street, driving north one
month later, it looks for a minute like Berlin after the bombing. Here a row of stores
is gutted. Across the way plywood sheathes
bandage smashed windows . A chimney
rises in a burnt-out home like a cellar hole
in an abandoned New England farm. Supporting I-beams still cant against sidewalls. There are pathetic scrawled appeals,
"Soul Brother" meaning a Negro owner.
A cast-iron radiator is held up crazily
against the sky by its connecting waterpipe
in what was formerly a second-story room.
The room is gone.
At its height the riot was like war; tanks
trundled, machine guns spat at snipers,
police sirens howled, fire trucks roared,
arsonists laugh~d and looted. Officials looked
down almost in tears on fires that seemed
to cover the whole town. Here a city foug11t
its own people.
Cost-half-a-billion dollars.
Has the lesson of Detroit been learned by
the rest of the country? In this reporter 's
opinion, no. The lesson is that if it can
happen in Detroit in can happen anywhere.
The forces of destruction an nihilism in
American core cities <)re still there .
Almost a model city ...
Detroit was almost a model city in racial
matters. There was a liberal mayor and
governor, the most advanced summer program in the United States, and complete
communication between officials and the
supposed Negro leaders . It had two · articulate Negro congressmen and one of the
biggest middle-class Negro communities in
the nation.
"We told ourselves it can't happen in
Detroit," said Martin Hayden, chief editorial writer of the Detroit News. He speaks
who wants all the facts but also feels the
with the commitment of a newspaperman
thing passionately as a human being.
The feeling of security helped betray
Detroit.
Trying tactics that were successful a year
b efore, police did not use firearms for a
couple of hours while leaders tried t o " cool
it" with bullhorns. The crowd grew.
" There is no evidence that anything but
an immediate and large show of force will
stop a riot," says city expert James Q. Wilson of Harva rd .
Compressed to oversimplification, here
are three things the riot indicated t o some
who lived through it.
The National Guard isn't trained to handle
a riot. Compared with the performance of
seasoned regular Army paratroopers, who
were finally called in, the guard's performance seemed to some "appalling."
Second, the web of municipal life is more
vulnerable t o civil disorder than ha s been
supposed. The spontaneous, new-style guerrilla tactics of skip-hop, fire bombing can
black out a city.
Finally it is doubtful even yet if the natiol'l
has much notion of what it is up against: a
new, violent urban underclass set apart from
the rest of the community.
It is doubtful if Congress understan ds it.
In a summer where 70 cities have been hit,
the -House recently laughed off the President' s proposed ghetto rat-control bill, 207106.
The reported mood in Washington is that
new poverty funds should be withheld in
or der not to "reward" violence. To an observer here it sounds a t rifle like reverse
racism.
Must all 520,000 Negroes in Detroit, out
of a city of 1,600,000, be taught a lesson?
One of the most striking things in following
the ruins on 12th Street is to note how
destruction stopped abruptly at the little
lawns of the middle-class Negro homes on
adjacent ;,venues. These property- owning
Negroes have the greatest stake in law and
order, as well as t he Negro shopkeepers
whose businesses were sacked and gutted.
The black-power m ilitants lump all whites
together: "Whitey doesn't care! ~'
It would seem tragic if white resentment
should now lump all Negroes together and
finally split the two races into warring
camps.
If social reform can be halted as a punishment for violence then nihilists and Communists can gleefully block it whenever they
see fi t.
There were whites in the Detroit mob. An
editor, a state trooper, a Negro writer all
told of the nightmarish carnival mood of the
affair. The crowds laughed and looted.
Recent United S tates census studies inclicate that the 1960 count missed many N.egroes, perhaps 10 percent. The highest loss
rate wa s in young, adult males. The startling fact appears that one male in sue
simply dropped out of organized society.
But this invisible underclass was on hand
for arson and looting.
"Thi s can happen in any United States
city where a sizable part of the population
is unemployed and unemployable," says
editor Martin Hayden.
Causes are easier to find than amelioratives. The latter are probably more radical;
anyway, than a nation preoccupied with
Vietnam will accept. Well, I boldly offer
the following proposals anyway.
Law and order must be preserved; everybody agrees to that.
More and more people believe that firearms· must be r egulated. The United States
is the only great nation where this isn't
done.
Twenty-seventh in a continuing summe.r
series of reports from a correspondent assigned to tour the United States,
�
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
14 %* Monday, September 11, 1967
By Richard L. Strout .
Staff correspondent of
The Christian Science Monitor
7
Detroit
Back and forth across the United States
in this violent summer of 1967 we have
-traveled now close to 9,000 miles. Some
scenes have been idyllic; some poignant.
The most shocking thing we have seen is
the charred and angry scar in Detroit left
by a riot which all but paralyzed the na-
tion’s fifth largest city for four days and
took over 40 lives.
On sleazy 12th Street, driving north one
month later, it looks for a minute like Ber-
lin after the bombing. Here a row of stores
is gutted. Across the way plywood sheathes
bandage smashed windows. A chimney
rises in a burnt-out home like a cellar hole
in an abandoned New England farm. Sup-
porting I-beams still cant against side-
walls. There are pathetic scrawled appeals,
“Soul Brother’? meaning a Negro owner.
A cast-iron radiator is held up crazily
against the sky by its connecting waterpipe
in what was formerly a second-story room,
The room is gone.
At its height the riot was like war; tanks
trundled, machine guns spat at snipers,
police sirens howled, fire trucks roared,
!
THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
Detroit sifts through riot embers for racial lessons
arsonists laughed and looted. Officials looked
down almost in tears on fires that»seemed
to cover the whole town. Here a city fought
its own people.
Cost—half-a-billion dollars.
Has the lesson of Detroit been learned by
the rest of the country? In this reporter’s
opinion, no. The lesson is that if it can
happen in Detroit in can happen anywhere.
The forces of destruction an nihilism in
American core cities are still there.
Almost a model city...
Detroit was almost a model city in racial
matters. There was a liberal mayor and
governor, the most advanced summer pro-
gram in the United States, and complete
communication between officials and the
supposed Negro leaders. It had two articu-
late Negro congressmen and one of the
biggest middle-class Negro communities in
the nation.
“We told ourselves it can’t happen in
Detroit,’ said Martin Hayden, chief edi-
torial writer of the Detroit News. He speaks
who wants all the facts but also feels the
with the commitment of a newspaperman
thing passionately as a human being.
The feeling of security helped betray
Detroit. '
Trying tactics that were successful a year
1 1
‘mood
F, | of America
before, police did not use firearms for a
couple of hours while leaders tried to “‘cool
it’’ with bullhorns. The crowd grew.
“There is no evidence that anything but
an immediate and large show of force will
stop a riot,” says city expert James Q. Wil-
son of Harvard.
Compressed to oversimplification, here
are three things the riot indicated to some
who lived through it.
The National Guard isn’t trained to handle
a riot. Compared with the performance of
seasoned regular Army paratroopers, who
were finally called in, the guard’s perform-
ance seemed to some “appalling.”
Second, the web of municipal life is more
vulnerable to civil disorder than has been
supposed, The spontaneous, new-style guer-
rilla tactics of skip-hop, fire bombing can
black out a city,
Finally it is doubtful even yet if the nation
has much notion of what it is up against: a
new, violent urban underclass set apart from
the rest of the community.
It is doubtful if Congress understands it.
In a summer where 70 cities have been hit,
the House recently laughed off the Presi-
dent’s proposed ghetto rat-control bill, 207-
LOG 3) Sas
The reported mood in Washington is that.
new poverty funds should be withheld in
order not to “reward” violence. To an ob-
server here it sounds a trifle like reverse
racism.
Must all 520,000 Negroes in Detroit, out
of a city of 1,600,000, be taught a lesson?
One of the most striking things in following
the ruins on 12th Street is to note how
destruction stopped abruptly at the little
lawns of the middle-class Negro homes on
adjacent venues. These property-owning
Negroes have the greatest stake in law and
order, as well as the Negro shopkeepers
whose businesses were sacked and gutted.
The black-power militants lump all whites
together: “Whitey doesn’t care!”
It would seem tragic if white resentment
should now lump all Negroes together and
finally split the two races into warring
camps.
Tf social reform can be halted as a pun-
ishment for violence then nihilists and Com-
munists can gleefully block it whenever they
see fit.
There were whites in the Detroit mob. An
editor, a state trooper, a Negro writer all
told of the nightmarish carnival mood of the
affair. The crowds laughed and looted.
Recent United States census studies indi-
cate that the 1960 count missed many Ne=
groes, perhaps 10 percent. The highest loss
rate was in young, adult males. The start-
ling fact appears that one male in six
simply dropped out of organized society:
But this invisible underclass was on hand
for arson and looting.
“This can happen in any United States
city where a sizable part of the population
is unemployed and unemployable,” says
editor Martin Hayden.
Causes are easier to find than ameliora-
tives. The latter are probably more radical,
anyway, than a nation preoccupied with
Vietnam will accept. Well, I boldly offer
the following proposals anyway.
Law and order must be preserved; every=
body agrees to that.
More and more people believe that fire=
arms must be regulated. The United States
is the only great nation where this isn’t
done.
Twenty-seventh in a continuing summer
series of reports from a correspondent as-
signed to tour the United States,
ee al A A
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 81
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/af8c8708b7d3627d1761440003e80360.pdf
25e2ee4bd2af62d56b59179b4f6f7c16
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
THE SUNDAY
JfJIOrT:Poffreniensc.tttfflOl't~, wlllte """1 lrt,lit) ~'-t1t11tflop~
5
~ 1.'11!:lteJ:i• on the deadly economics of segregation: the lime-bomb inthe core of the American city
~
GENERATION OF DESPAIR
TO GET an idea of the despair lhls background Stokeley
behind Amerk:a's me riots Carmichael, the apostle of
Black Powe r , calls fur
af;~s143.215.248.55:b~f ~~or;
tl\143.215.248.55-Ja It ~:ran f143.215.248.55er~~:
.Britain.
~ We are not used to think andviolentdemud. Butthe
ing of America in images of current pre_dicament of 1he
poverty: and evenif1re were, Nero is as 1mmodente. The
the portrty which afflicts the
Negrostrtionsof a city like ;~o !~j~hi\gfr~-.~~ a
Detroilisof a kind so bizarre in the South, of Cil·il Rights
as to make any European workers, have produced only
threecom•1ctions,andnosen·
experience Irrelevant.
tencc()fmoretha, tenyears.
The whole story takes a lot
And even moderate Negro
of telling. But there are
IOIJ}e facts whicb can be leaders fr~I admit their
~(t~rre~
i~J:~
~~e"~tm~i143.215.248.55 ~1
a~ea~e~:
lhescopeandsubt!etyofthe
h:fu!:,k;~
., ~~uf~:nA::;fc~n
a moment when Amenca s
worse after all we've bee,,
through.. there's something
fe
-Onein1hreeoftheNegroes 0a143.215.248.55; t;~on~ilie~::. :~:
in most Northern cities are Je:Vs, the u.nions-the whole
unemployed, or as good as
143.215.248.55 16:03, 29 December 2017 (EST)r v::143.215.248.55 16:03, 29 December 2017 (EST)c/ as H~?! ~!~
Ja~:~pbof; adrt~ ~~r~itt!b143.215.248.55 such faithin theabililyof
survey);
thissociety tomm·ethathe's
a~dressingonlytheNegroes."
- ....To.irteeayE>ars after the
Supreme Court outla11,ed \1, ACCORDING1.9 Walfer l.ipp.
there ls more segregatlon m
theschools thane1•erbefore; ~!~~cte/ c: me~e~~:i'ir: ..nfhs!
race problem as we know Ills
-In aperiodofunparal!eled really
theby·productof our
boom, after six years on
steady economic expansion, plan!ess: ~isordered, bedrag·
gled,
drifting democracy,
medianincomesin theurban
"Until
we ha1·e learned to
g h e t t oes (where most
Negroes live)hn edecreased
~i~::b-Od;.v:~~be~~-t
during the 1960s.
a ·self.respecting sta~us,
This is also after sel'eral guaran.tee his ch•ll liberltes,
years or u n para l l e l e d and bringeducationandp!av
to him, the bulk of our ta)k
16:03, 29 December 2017 (EST)e ~~ w143.215.248.55h
about ' the raceproblem'w1II
true. A tragic. automatic
mechanism has been exposed ~~m:ind1~;.ni~\~fu:t"i~h:lolii"e
in American sociely, through relation between black men
which nearly every attempt to andwhitewi!lbe a dirtyone.
helplhepoor-andthepoor In a clean civilisation the two
are. basically, the Negroes-- racescan conduct their busi,
has been transmuted into a ness together cleanly,andnot
device for making the rich unti!then."
richer and lhepoorpoorer
The s l uggishness of
The kind of irony confront- America's
response lo thil
ing America is that the indictment
is indicated by i~
Feder,al money for the urban date. Lippmann was writing
renewal programmes - running thisyearat £200million in 1919.
Th at was the " Re«
~1~i: ;i~fu:i1:f:C~in~s10wft\ Summer," the Jirst or th,
hot ones. More thaa
middle-class housing, which long
twenty
race battlP~ flared IQ
the slum-dwellers cannot
the streets that s_ummer,
afford.
seven
of them cxplodmg.int,
The situation is one !n majorriots.
ln the bl.oodte;\
which a city like Detroit can
be seriously regarded as erupting in ChicJgo m Jul,
" liberal" - although nn ~71:~t~hft~s
Two myths IK'r,·ad* tlit
143.215.248.55li~~ou143.215.248.55p1rr:srath:fe
slncethcearly firties. Against subject. The first i~ lhll.
/iigh~~::::n~:~pei:::rre~faiid
w143.215.248.55l~~
a:g{:~
~;~1ineJ.ric
America has been g_rappling
llrith the problem ~mce the
rivll war a century ago. (This
ls commonly ad1·anced in
Britain to demonstrate that
~ you cannot legislate the
bearts o[ men.) The second
lr!fihis, .thatthe upsurgeof
\•1olencemthe~egroghetloes
of American c1tJes owr the
last rou r Jears is a new
~henomenon
The central truth is that,
right until the end of the
&eetind 11orld war, American
Government \\aS, at least
~~i~aai: ni~:U~1~ee:r~c:~yi
'\l,·oodrow _Wi)son-the man
Jlroudly bringing freedom to
turope at the <'lose of the
6.rst world war-adual!y im·
~~:al ::~~i~~!ti~~ th1: sa~~
period,only the intervention
of the Supreme Court pre·
vented the imposition of
for~al ~part!ieid through
u m \ i:omng legislation
-
•
'w,dmledh!omany
yemtoargulngti,at
you couldn't legislate
against prejudice
-kn D. iiQal, 11.,1 1~,h,~111
Opptrtu1i1, C11ni11C1~
•
Ernn Rooscvell's New Deal
was segregationist. In the
rur~l areas the A~r\cultu.ral
Adjustment Adm1mstrat1on
adjusted thousands of Negro
sharecroppers off the land
When these destitute refugees
swelled the urban ghettoes,
the New De al housing
agen~ies turned out to have
policicsrootedm the olddeal.
One agen~y. the Federa!Housmg Admmistration, blocked
mortgages on homes that
Nesroes wanted to buy in
whttesuburbs, The other, lhe
United S t ate s Housing
Authority, financed separate
143.215.248.55si: \it~roj~ ~vit~o~Y,bl143.215.248.55
black developments beeame
merely extensions of the old
ghettoes.
Ell'ecth'ely, the New Deal
t~hio~: ~\~:hJ:~;s0:e~\~
1:~t:::~io~
system with sufficient stark·
ness to ha\'e come to terms
with the basic, eronomic
nature of the Negroplightif anyone had wanted to look
that hard. But the Negro
emerged from the New Deal
ifanythingworsethanhe had
~
~~/143.215.248.55
segreBut in a back.handE>d way
~~r:1~:
~~! Na~lia~~:l ~i: b!h1~hab~~!
Negroespinnedtheir faith for
the next generation: the common front of the Negro
organisations and the wh.ite
labour unions. That alliance
is arguably the single mo~t
important reason why Amen·
can rities enjoyed almost
romplete racial peace for
twentv.one l"ears up to 1964
As ]orig as the grouping held
theNegroeshadatleastsome
powerful allie~ - notably
Walter Reuther's United Auto
Workers-in the jobs market.
' .From the unions' point of
view there was never much
altruism Involved. They were
simply shrel.l'd enough to see
in the 1930s that. with ml\·
lions
uncmplovcd,
the
Negroes would make excellent
strikebreakers unless cor·
ralled.
It was In Detroit, home of
the United Auto Workers,
that the alliance bet11·een
i\"egrocsandthe unionsfinally
sundrred in 1960, when the
while craft unions and industrial unions rejoined fore~.
andall the rraftunions old
distrust of Negroes came to
the fore. It was an ominous
143.215.248.55o143.215.248.55;~~ab~~e Pi:1
skilled and semi-skilled jobs,
to procced.notatonc{',but
merely "•,r1th all deliberate
speed." As the Nes-roes h~~e
learned withgrowmg bllter·
ness, the court could not
have handed the southern
states a more ])('rfertly
fashioned weapon for delay.
Ten years later, sim·eying
t~e rubble of the desegregation programme, a Suprl'me
Court Justice 1'1S mol'l'd lo
remark: "There has betn
entirely too much deltbera·
lion an~. not enough
speed...
Nor has the Government
demonstrated anv m1'.lre
alacrity to enforre·1he 11154
dectsion The 1964 Ciril
RiahtsActwasclear: nomore
[~~tr
~h:f~.
st~u::iraef:~~
offab-Outl.900ofthrSouth's
2,200 school dis!ricts right
11 ot~~ Co~yresJd:~!t~t~
i ;r
decided lo be lenient it was
ten years since the Supreme
Court dceision. but the
schoolscould hal'e e1•cnmore
time to ease themsel\"eS Into
segregation.
Th~ result goes !or to
di1J1:/: ~~e Jo143.215.248.55e~~g~
s uereme Court promises of
ln81hers143.215.248.55 16:03, 29 December 2017 (EST)
went to integrated schools:
by 1965, 5.8percent.;today
only 13 per cent ~ almos!
l4ye_ars since the highest
court m the Jand ruleditw:is
el"efj' child's right
~r'~~"r~:~
~Ge !~ 'Thefactisthatwhile
\~r
!,t1::
143.215.248.55l~~f;gr~s
1i~ce
workers on the lowest rungs
o£the\adder
In the Negroe~' po~t·war
struggle for equality, the
Supreme Court judgment of
~ ~: 01:gt~nsifl!~gr;[:~io~s i~
landmark
But in fact the willingness
of the C~urt to temper the
Constilut1on lo the times
emasculated the l'ietory. A
c9nstilutiona! rig;ht. the Court
~:r:~~:r :t;~:~~1,-143.215.248.55
an1
~~u~~ 143.215.248.55-b eJ:,~rnt~ ~~e;
theUrhanleague ...
hm been kying to
nw,efourNegroesinto
asuburhhichisnot
In anyghetto man's
future,400,000
tenement buildings in
NewYonOty hm
dettrioratedorbeen
demtllshtd
-ld1rfCt10,j,ScMfl 1fl1ci1I
W1rl,CohmfitU1i1!f$i1J
At the time the Supreme
!hhee
\~ro!hr~~ the Court handed down the Court's cautious 1954dedsion
America. confront,d the unpreredenlcddccision that \Vas handed down, the pro·
shortcom1 ngsofher economic de~gregation of schools was cesses which tore Detroit
1
•part thlsmonthhadbttnon
the m()1·e a lrmi: trm<' /And
t~~'i'ci~tih~n1':g~nJinda
book. _published by Ebon)'
magattne,hsts1tasoneofthe
ten best cities for Negro
employment.)
Building the ghelto began
fh!0~e;a£.~~m ~!~~\'n~
11'1E>turnofthel"fntun!here
has been a movement of
!'i"egroes from the southern
farm!andstotheurbannorth·
impelled most 1·1gorousl_1 by
~: !et1~~-~i{d~_mf!°J~m~~li~~
havrmo,ed northsmre 1!!40
-amillionoftheminlhelai;l
tmyears. Tuo.thirdso£all
adult\egroe~ inthenorthem
citieswerebomrnthrsouth.
Mechanisation of the farms
and theuseofchem1<a s,are
making the shne<r11ppen,
1
fi143.215.248.55;~ aJtl~irnf\~s143.215.248.55
are expected to be out of
work in the Mississippi delta
~~;so1~d143.215.248.55 16:03, 29 December 2017 (EST)- an~.a~:ch143.215.248.55'.
~
"}!'t rni143.215.248.55':! ;~ R~tr
att1tudesarc11ot unlikerhose
seen in Britain durine- the
Enclosures mo1·emen! of the
ctghtrenth century·, Some of
them have placed adl'ertisementsofferingto paythebusfares of any Xegroes who
wanttogonorth. Somerura\
rountiesarestarving.outtheir
super_A uous black tenants by
rcfusmg to _take part in
F~d!!r~I food-distnbut:on pro.
grammes.
W[llingor unwilling,scorcs
of Negroes pack their card.
board boxes e1·ery day and
board the buses for Harlem
WattsandDetroit. Theirlife
has not usually helped them
towards handling the urban
experience: naturallvmostof
them are_ trained· o~ly to
chop,are11litcrate
In the norther::i city
centres, the1· find accommodation inbuildings \·acated
11:)iliu;~~oin3~ie~j:~~
pattemofwhite,middle,class
America. The result 1s the
e!timate of the Congressional
Quarterly that by l9i0 at
least fourteen CO!'t'·dties will
ha1·e !)Opulations more than
40percent black. Th:-cchare
pass«! that noint alrcad)
Washington, Baltimore and
Detroit
?Jr lh~
C111i19fd • •nt , .
lea'"e school s~king better
Jobs and homes than their
parents now hare. Our welfare system, l'Jth all its
defects. may yet prevent a
coloured under<lass from
143.215.248.55i~!143.215.248.55e:~!nd;~!~i5o.°143.215.248.55 16:03, 29 December 2017 (EST)
many case. Britam is a lr~s
violent society than the
United States.
Certainly these factors
make it unlikely that rare
riots will hreak out in
Flritain's roloured communitiesdur!ngthenextfewyears,
unless thev are started by
W~1\"j~ 1WSh·
~:::i~g
a! in
ltlspossiblelhatthi!11ill
happen. Forexarnple, J spoke
recently in a We,1 London
churth where there are two
separateyouthclubs.onefor
English. and the other for
Indian children When, at
my insistence, the Indian
children were inl'ited to the
143.215.248.55 16:03, 29 December 2017 (EST)iJ :!!pf~~ ~r:v:01/c~
had to be talled to keep
the pea~ The futuN> of
racerelalionslnthatsuburb
ts ir1 th~ hand~ of those
children, 1nd it rnay well be
1io!pn1
Hnwe E>r, the _teneral ~itu
at10n here, m contr~~t with
Anthony lester
�The death of
Billy furr
APPOINTMENTS
�
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
THE SUNDAY TIMES, 30 JULY 1967
DETROIT: Pelicesiea Scotter Tor cover while bers ight ite back at oan snipers
HIINISTELELAE on the deadly economies of Segregation: the time-bomb in the core of the American city
GENERATION OF DESPAIR
thls background. Stokelay America has been grappling system with sufficient stark- to proceed, not at once,
‘TO. GET an idea of the despalr
behind America’s race riots
5 a considerable effort
from most of us in
We are not wsed to think.
= of America in images of
ind even If we were,
fe poverty salons at afflicts the
ike
a
ev ae
The whale fary, oa a Io.
of tolling But there 3:
some facts gua can a
aan and
rer 8 than a
—tne in three of the Negroes
in most Northern cities are
unemployed, or as good ai
unemployed (according to the
latest Department of
survey);
Thirteen sage nites after ie
there is ah
the Tehoole th ‘than ever before;
i jod of ey ja
beam apie ean
|, after
ghettoes (where most
Negroes live) have decreased
during the 1980s.
This is also after several
years of mapire|teled
faa ihe Negroes,
ly one of which ha come
ic
meat le been man
in American society, neve
which nearly every np
help the poor—and the
are, basically, tbe Regs
‘been transmuted Into a
device ioe aes the rich
ficher and the poor poorer,
The kind of irony confrost-
ing America is that the
Federal money for the urban
Tenewal programmes — ren-
ay this year at £200 million
Betng divested into Te-
Placing im dwellings with
middleclass housing, which
the slumedwellers cannot
alford
The situation tx one in
which a city like Detrolt can
be serio
7 Lyte
since the iwente samp, Kins
Carmichael, the apastie of ith the problem. since the
Black Power, calle for tivil war a century ago, (This
guerrilla war against the is ommonly advanced in
whites, Jt is an dmmedersje Britain to demonstrate that
and violent in Butthe “you cannot legislate the
maf the ‘Searts of men.) nd
da ay The "ik is that the upsurge of
"3 rt of a context Violence in the negra ghettoes
is whieh ‘ ety murders of American cities aver the
in the South, of Civil Rights lest four am ip 2 new
bs 7 peered ealy Phememendr
three conv ictlon: no sen entral trath is that,
tence of more than ten vears teh unt the end of the
Awd even moderate Negro’ Second world wer, Ameriran
Weaders freely admit their Government was, al least
pmmathy with Carmichadl’s tacitly and. aly erp,
desunciation. Bayard segregatlanlet President
Rusti, lesder of the great Noodram Wiloo—the man
WES Negra march on Con par ging freedom to
What Stokeley ia-say- Europe a dese of the
things have gat first urd canes es
all we've been ie Be
through, there's something federal servires, 1" the sane
patie pene with the period, only the jatervention
the liberals, the of Court
iewn ‘the uniont—the whole vi Imposition of
alliance whieh has not formal apartheid «th
pitas victories, He’ racial zoning legislation.
faith in the ability of
Be coclety to move thet he's As
id ly the Negroes.”
ACCORD!
mann, RST ESe
ed commrt: iS
race problems 8 als ie i '
the ee of our
lisordered, bedrag-
, ing democracy.
“Wntil we have learned ta
house everybody, employ
everybedy at decent mae ca
selfrespecting status,
Suarantee his civil liberties,
and tog efi and play)
pie cag poten a
ut the race problem” wi
posed main 2 pee myth a
a dirty civilisation
rig, beeen Bek “Wher ede reteees
white a dirty one!
inxs a clean civilisation the twa te Ne bea u big
‘tan conduct their
ibe te tog ean, nicl Pelicies rotted in the old deal
until ther” Be mzumiernies
att sluggishness of
rica’s response to eee vated to a i
Indictment [s indicated yi white suburbs. The other, ‘the
cals, <r wr United States Hoang
in] the “Re pubes, fae stl
a twas the Projects ar
Samo the first of ‘s ot thas
tone tes ones. More thay black development
battle: a reerely ertensons Of the, old
ghettaes.
Pits ee Pa
was the fina ning of th
Tis, noose rowed the Ney a lek:
‘The depression was Aes
the fast ocean on mvc
America confronted
shortcomings of her etono ne
you couldn't igi
against prejudice
Hes | Segal, Epual featermest
Gopertatiy Cemmizi en
ilan|
7 ‘dni
Even Roosevelt's New Deal
In the
ipultural
‘Adjustment istration
set jee of News
rs of the land,
subject. ‘The first if
ness to have come to terms
with the basic, economic
nature of the Negro plight—
if anyone had wanted to book
the hard. But the Negro
cane from the New Deal
Aan: worse than he bad
entered il: a de aan gre
geled urban el
But in. a back: im aed ay
ihe New Deal did bring about
the alliance on which the
Negroes pinned their fxith tor
the next generation: the com-
fun frost of the Ne;
Organisations and the white
labour wndons. ‘That alliance
is arguably the natn macel
important reason why
tan cities enjoyed pes
complete rerial peace fir
t Cees years a es
ig as the groupl a
the ae had at Ie:
en rfl allies — notably
iter Reuther’s United Auto
Workers—in the jobs market
From the anions’ point of
view ‘(here was never math
altruism involved. They were
nla seem shrewd, ouoeh te to wee
lions pea
Negroes would make cellent
es w cor
he was in Ud home of
the United A
‘Negroes and the unions fal
sundered in 1960, when ity
ane craft unions and indus-
unions rejoined forces,
and ail ike craft unions old
distrust of Negroes came to
the fore. Tk was an ominous
‘but tnevitable a As
Sutomation ate up the un
kitted and sensi-skilled jobs,
the Negroes were onte a
competitors of the white
workers on the lowest rings
of the ladder.
In the Negroes” war
against sey
schoota is
ndmark,
But in fact the willingness
of the Court to temper the
Constitution ie & ilmes
emascul
constitutional eh ihe Gout
had always maintained was
“personal and
could mot be eu
single day. Until
the Court handed down the
unprecedented decision that
desegregation of schools was
merely “ with all duieeete
5 As the Negroes have
Warned With growing bitter
ness, the court could not
have handed the southern
Bates a more perfectly
fashioned weapon for delay.
Ten years later, surveying
the rubble of the desegrega-
entirely tot mach delibera-
tion “and nok enotigh
ne
Nor has the Governoent
demenstrited any more
laerily to enforce the 104
64 Civil
f hts Act was clear: no more
eral funds (o segregabed
Z hooks, That spall hare cat
‘OM about 1,900 of the Seuth’s
rr school districts
us uealion
decided 10 be lenient: lt was
ten years since the Supreme
‘ot ion, ‘the
schools could have even more
time to ease themselves into
result pots far to
Ne
ges 5 ernment or r
Mu ‘ort mises oO}
action. An 1865 2
caf Negro fein in ie oath
by 1965, 88 58 cae nae
iv per cel
only 12 per cent —almost
14 years since the hi
court in the land ruled if was
every child's right.
6 The fact is that while
the Urban League...
have beea trying to
move four Negroes into
a suburb which is not
in any ghetto man's
future, 400,000
tenement buildings in
New York City have
deteriorated or been
demolished
Hichard award, Scheel of Sica
Work, Colambin Geiverii4y
SSS
At the time the Supreme
Court's cautious 1954 ae
was ers down,
cesses, which tore “Tetra
“— this month hed been on
tote a feng time (Amd
Detriot war, in a sense, a
liberal city: tke Ne,
hook, published by
magarine, lists Ht a5 one of thi
ten cities for Negro
employment.)
ales the ghetto began
mt Debrodt, im
Ever ance
there
as oa THvement nf
Negroes from the southern
ea io oe narib:
the decline nf ‘a in
‘ihe cotton-finlde, Four million
have moved north sare 104i)
ia million mw in the last
en years. Tundhiris of all
adult Negroes in the eerthern
elias Were born in the aouth,
Mfechantsataon oi the farms,
aed the use af chembpaes,
‘the
The.
ned
Fe-CTApPTS
tern 1s can-
Negroes
movement
eighteenth century,
them have pil advertise-
ments offering to pay the bus
fares of any Negroes who
ated fo forth Some rural
counties are starvingout their
superfluous black aan by
refusing to take part ip
Frdera Ltood-distribation pro
grammy
Willing Or unwilling, scores
Of Negroes pack thelr card-
beard boxes every day and
beard the buses for Harlem,
Watts and Detroit. ‘Their life
has not esuslly helped them
‘towards handling the orban
experience: naturally out of
them are trained to
chop, are illiterate
the — northera
centres, they find aecom:
modation in buildings varated
by whites—whe are making
for the suburbs in the classic
pattern of white, middleclass
ee rant is the
imate ‘ongressional
‘Quarterly that hy 1870 at
least fourteen core-cities will
have papulations more thin
40 percent. black. Three have
pissed that paint already
ene Ballimere and
city
(Cenoed a net page
AL
LAST YEAR the frig question
which Intelligent white people
were hesitantly asking vee
whether there req
much discrimination agai it
coloured peaple in Brit
Suddenly this week the sume
People io similar bewiler
Tent, are asking
there will soon be a ert
au oy Side ae age oF
ae “he to m
a Sees =
re to ae ae that hines tu
never be as bad bere #5 in
Detroit, And predictably th is
let i Duntan Sandys
former Commenwealth Secre-
tary) to use lt as a reason to
ct ail eclauredmsigration
a revent the *
mille of hall-caste hid
ren "—s “generation of
mlsfila,"
‘Tha tint Question fs danger-
ou hecsase © titillates
ar latent fascination with
viglence bul becamsg il
eae an already wide-
ritksh cucrcictinn thal
‘the abenace of Telenor i
pen here
soriety. We would do welll the Aceh of a political
recall the monstrows
of the Seathern entlen
remedi are 4 hand,
ug) te or have come t00 late to be
th in Britain, it le
senting to regard the pre-
t nightmare of race rela
a and im the States ax irrele-
ee a it to our situation. After
te Hy the coloured commanity
Ut ea per cat af /
rita ation (
‘tent In ihe US), it
largely of new
rams, too insecurely
tea ignorant of the ‘out:
“ world, or too grateful
{ta higher standard af life,
indians, Indians Bn
ay Princ hamper the deve.
lipment nf strong inimlierent
rt nai, and eaeeelsations Tt is still too
Ow, toe fat th car ‘ 7
in white comenusity (hat
the be children af poliared lnmt
Grants wyii face sUbwigntial
when = they
thelr ‘ti ren
32 Many Neat omth
Harlem, crite is often
esl abcde way of MT f
4 livieg, and Lhe rare To fay @oreming tion
Jeave schoo] seeking better
jobs and homes than their
reais now have. Cur wel-
are system, with all ite
defects, may yet prevent a
coloured underclass from
sinking 19 the depths of os
North Areerican ghetto, And,
in any case, Britain is a less
violent society than the
ou ee is
rials
Briain. tered: cara
tits during the met few rears,
_ Abey are sti i
againel blarks, ax in
bt iil in 1958.
sh is oe that ee
n Por example, 7 spoke
receatly in a West ‘London
church where there are teu
separate youth clubs, one for
English amd the other for
Indian children = When, at
my insistence, the Indian
children were invited to the
meeting and one brave 16
as sevepird, the police
to be os th kee
te fwiere ol
rack Patton tnt tn, that ae
band:
TE:
6
children, aed it may val t
Himwrver, ibe general sala
alles ere, in contrat with
‘the United States, is lik
ihe deceptively calm We
a min ih
dual aes 0 of " private prefer-
ence” are creating
palermo poss dieccimiae
ion In howsing and enspl
ment which it wil be ioe
‘gly difficult to break. We
re ederating the children of
tere immigrants, often in
be ed by automation.
In some places, complaints by
coloured Britons ef police
ndect owtnumber those
ober subject.
the coloured ehermimity ind
that in the absence of any
independent machipery to in
‘vestigate complaints, this
vilal area of race relations
will fester.
Britais’s coloared minosity
is too small to have palfitea)
Significance, except is & Piten.
‘Wal scapegoat at @lection tiene.
‘There ix no aoe ae
to which ee
ively Fepresent nierest
Mach al ybe afirial race Tae
Hows machinery is deviated
more to Barrens asd geet
welfare than io premotiny
racial equality,
this
peed extension of the
act Relations Ac alters
seme hope that we are at
“ ty a wart fei
me y extending the
Act fo cover diserimination
ateng and insur.
ance, the Government can
ensure thal in Brelain we
shall have an oppertunity,
which América Bas fae, fg
use Law or before the
Freie insoluble
Race a ‘Beard bas
ready deme better, from its
pd at meriestness,
than Mts tramcsat ee
a fe winning 1
dence of eulvuned Pom
it must now be allowed
tackle the real prabiews of
diserinal mation aoa ie must be
given “ing power bo enfarre
ihe la
Tho allornatjves are clear
We can privide effective
redress for the wielim of dis
triminalion, oT we cae
compel (biey ts chease to
aerepl Injuestice ng Wi talce bus
grievances to The trees
Fitain's polnared porpatalien,
ts more ep) pul up we
Injustice fn a
rink, but does 9 rr}
ised tnelely have aly chloe”
Anthony Lester
ray
fs 3° : I fl oes
tt a een ie he Lt
3 Gil ial ali ai” ay Be wit eatita. | ee
q sypeiaa eae Ne (ith aes dl it ;
Lie aia | eee oe
tt
Eamrimmad bs page [T
- z: ia atl aut! Hea ti li fe ial
z sf * pepe ged. He
eadiil sey vanes et tal ee ae te a
: sitaas
ital i Ht ‘aa
att
3 gm eS
Tt
i
a
ae he Bul
B si shin at
ena
THE SUNDAY TOMES, 20 JULY 1967
aieedce- =i ai pea es _ i ate inp i eel aay ‘ni z ian
HH E flag e 5. avis i £ 4 eae = aT cre =y
pues ei ae ae ee [ele ie oe
A Bil Hee Hi ih Hy Hid ee eaaneds = Bh ty Eas fabs B east r
) e PERRET r Ran sae een [Bee BRE
- Pom eg ae PE ane
: Pais chiene ie wi Hie Bui
= ce cee jets wis re ceirenr
z ce ii ane Eth Hye i ane zai
& { le io ne ? 3 Fall si, " ie al
z 5 e 38 a a x z 3% EE Be she =
ye : gttity 3 4 a piety fie in eh 5
= peaaia tla hy eath Eahicite dds oe a}
7 si Use eae fat recht iy mai me
ie it senuiiet mE ITesge | Bie Gh
li aa fc i
“al bitin au alae yaa ene:
oi =
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Box 13, Folder 21, Document 80
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967
-
https://ivanallen.iac.gatech.edu/mayoral-records/traditional/files/original/3540adad67e102edc13e7b615e284ae8.pdf
3986e0cc4c74a156241113db7eed6f5f
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
n
TO ,
~
- °f4
Da n E. Swea t ,
FROM:
~
ROUTE SLIP
Jr.
r your i nform a tion
D
Please r efe r co the a ttac he d corresponde n ce a nd ma ke th e
n e c essa ry re ply.
D
Advise me th e s t a tu s o f th e a ttac h e d .
F ORM 25-4 - S
�
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document
Oflee of the Mayor
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
ROUTE SLIP
TO: Naps (A Rlew?
FROM: Dan E. Sweat, Jr.
i For your information
[_] Please refer to the attached correspondence and make the
necessary reply.
[_] Advise me the status of the attached.
FORM 25-4-S
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Box 13, Folder 21, Document 79
Box 13
Box 13 Folder 21
Folder topic: Race relations | racial matters | 1967